李静丹, 王 晶, 宋智心, 张景丹
(1.北京市房山区良乡医院 检验科, 北京 102401; 2.北京市妇产医院 检验科, 北京 100026)
血清C反应蛋白水平在鉴别不同类型腹泻中的意义*
李静丹1, 王 晶2, 宋智心1, 张景丹1
(1.北京市房山区良乡医院 检验科, 北京 102401; 2.北京市妇产医院 检验科, 北京 100026)
目的: 探讨急性腹泻患者C反应蛋白(CRP)的变化。方法: 270例成人急性腹泻患者为观察组又分为轻度脱水组、中度脱水组及重度脱水组或细菌感染腹泻组、病毒感染腹泻组及非感染性腹泻组;行常规体检的健康成人80例作为对照组,所有受检者于入院时或体检当日采集空腹静脉血并分离血清,采用免疫比浊法检测患者血清CRP水平,计算CRP阳性率(血清CRP>10 mg/L),分析不同脱水程度及是否发生感染和感染类型对患者血清CRP水平的影响。结果: 与对照组比较,不同程度脱水组或不同类型感染组患者血清CRP水平及阳性率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度脱水组与中度脱水组患者或非感染组组与病毒感染组患者的CRP水平及阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);重度脱水组与中度脱水组患者的CRP水平及阳性率高于轻度脱水组,细菌感染组患者的CRP水平及阳性率高于非感染组组与病毒感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论: 中重度脱水腹泻患者或细菌感染性腹泻患者血清CRP水平升高明显,血清CRP水平可用于指导临床用药。
C反应蛋白; 腹泻,急性; 脱水; 感染,细菌; 感染,病毒
腹泻是消化道功能失调导致的一种临床症状,指患者每日大便次数>3次、大便呈稀便或者水样便,腹泻患者多伴有发热、恶心、精神萎靡、水电解质紊乱甚至中毒等症状:夏、秋季为腹泻的高发季节。引起腹泻的原因较为复杂,食源性途径造成的急性腹泻占有很大比例[1-3]。临床上多把C反应蛋白(CRP)作为一种炎症诊断的常用指标,急性炎症时患者血清CRP浓度可迅速升高并促使炎性介质增多,可很好的指导抗生素的使用[4-5]。本研究通过比较不同类型急性腹泻患者血清CRP的水平,探讨血清CRP水平作为鉴别诊断不同类型腹泻的可能性,报告如下。
1.1 一般资料
2014年11月~2016年1月收治的成人急性腹泻患者270例作为观察组,根据脱水或感染情况将观察组又分为轻度脱水组、中度脱水组、重度脱水组或细菌感染腹泻组、病毒感染腹泻组及非感染性腹泻组,所有患者均确诊为腹泻; 行常规体检的健康成人80例作为对照组,各组受检者男女比例及年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。排除患有肠易激综合征、结肠炎、急性阑尾炎、风湿性关节炎、糖尿病、呼吸系统或泌尿系统感染疾病患者,排除因放化疗、药物治疗、过量饮酒、食物过敏等原因致使的腹泻者,排除 孕产妇、有精神病史及神经系统疾病者细菌性感染诊断标准:患者腹泻腹痛、大便性状异常,粪便常规镜检有黏液、脓球及红、白细胞,镜检白细胞>10/HP;大便菌体培养,存在致病性大肠杆菌、志贺氏菌菌属等,大便轮状病毒抗原检测阴性。病毒感染性诊断标准:患者腹泻腹痛、大便性状异常,粪便常规镜检白细胞为 0~5.1/HP,没有黏液及脓血;大便菌体培养,大便轮状病毒抗原检测为阳性。非感染性诊断标准:患者出现腹泻或腹痛,血常规正常;粪便常规镜检未见异常[6-7]。
表1 各组受检者一般资料Tab.1 General information of the subjects in each group
1.2 观察指标
所有受检者于入院时或体检当日采集空腹静脉血2 mL,3 000 r/min分离血清,采用免疫比浊法检测患者血清CRP水平(试剂盒购自芬兰Orion公司)。计算阳性率(血清CRP >10 mg/L),CRP阳性率=CRP阳性受检者例数/受检者人数×100%;分析不同脱水程度及是否发生感染和感染类型对患者血清CRP水平的影响。
1.3 统计学方法
2.1 脱水程度腹泻对患者血清CRP水平的影响
与对照组比较,不同程度脱水组患者血清CRP水平及阳性率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度脱水组与中度脱水组患者的CRP水平及阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);度脱水组与中度脱水组患者的CRP水平及阳性率高于轻度脱水组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
表2 脱水程度对腹泻患者血清CRP水平的影响Tab.2 Effect of dehydration degree on serum CRP level of patients
(1)与对照组比较,P<0.05;(2)与轻度脱水组比较,P<0.05
2.2 感染对腹泻患者血清CRP水平的影响
与对照组比较,所有不同类型感染组患者血清CRP水平及阳性率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非感染组组与病毒感染组患者的CRP水平及阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);细菌感染组患者的CRP水平及阳性率高于非感染组组与病毒感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
表3 感染对腹泻患者血清CRP水平的影响Tab.3 The influence of infection on the level of serum CRP in patients
(1)与对照组比较,P<0.05;(2)与细菌感染组组比较,P<0.05
腹泻存在感染性腹泻、非感染性腹泻,而感染性腹泻又有细菌感染与病毒感染之分[6]。一般感染性腹泻居多,感染性腹泻主要由细菌、病毒、寄生虫引起[7-8]。病原体在感染破坏肠道黏膜的屏障功能后,使肠黏膜的分泌旺盛、肠道吸收功能降低、肠蠕动加快,导致排便频率增加、粪质稀薄、体内水电解质平衡紊乱等一系列的症状发生[9-10]。细菌感染和病毒感染的发病早期并没有明显的特征鉴别,最常用的致病菌的培养等因检测时间较长,容易耽误患者的治疗和出现误诊和漏诊[11-12]。在感染性与非感染性腹泻的治疗方法上,临床存在较大差异,非感染性腹泻以调整肠道菌群、恢复胃肠道功能的治疗为主,而细菌性感染腹泻除了对症治疗外,还需要给于抗菌药物进行治疗。CRP 是一种非特异性聚合蛋白,主要由肝脏产生,以糖蛋白的形式存在于血液中。诱导肝细胞合成CRP的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)是在炎症侵害刺激后由肝细胞或巨噬细胞分泌,与人体内各种感染性疾病的严重程度有密切关联。对于细菌引起的急性腹泻,患者体内的CRP水平大幅增高。随着临床实践的深入分析,发现其在血液中的浓度水平与感染程度存在正相关关系。一般引发炎症机制后,血清CRP在6~12 h后就能检测到。而在炎症得到控制后,在血液中半衰期较短的CRP又能迅速下降,敏锐地反映体内炎症情况。有文献报道,腹泻患者病情得到控制的最迟1周内,CRP就可以降到正常值[13-14]。本研究结果显示,腹泻患者脱水程度越重,患者血清CRP水平和阳性率越高,细菌感染的腹泻患者的CRP水平及阳性率高于非感染与病毒感染腹泻患者(P<0.05),说明脱水情况的严重程度与患者体内体液的电解质等平衡有关,轻度脱水一方面也表明症状较轻,炎症刺激较弱,CRP水平并未显著增加,而大量脱水亦能表明炎症严重,致使体内炎症系统做出更强的反应。在腹泻患者中,通过测定CRP浓度,能够间接地了解体内炎性反应的程度,C反映蛋白可间接的早期反应腹泻患者临床用药的治疗效果。
综上,不同脱水程度和感染类型的腹泻患者的血清CRP水平随脱水程度的加重和细菌感染而升高,能为医生指导其临床用药提供依据。并且该检测方法操作简单,短时间可出结果,可以避免因拖延延误治疗。
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(2016-10-15收稿,2016-11-28修回)
中文编辑: 吴昌学; 英文编辑: 刘 华
Significance of C-reactive Protein as Detection Index in Patients with Diarrhea
LI Jingdan1, WANG Jing2, SONG Zhixin1, ZHANG Jingdan1
(1.MedicalLaboratoryDepartment,BeijingFangshanDistrictLiangxiangHospital,Beijing102401,China; 2.MedicalLaboratoryDepartment,BejingHospitalforGynecologyAndobstetrics,Beijing100026,China)
Objective: To explore the changes of c-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with acute diarrhea. Methods: 270 cases of adult patients with acute diarrhea were divided into the observation group, including mild dehydration group, moderate dehydration group and severe dehydration group according to dehydration condition. Besides, they were also divided into the bacterial infection diarrhea group, virus infection diarrhea group and non infectious diarrhea group according to causes of infection. 80 healthy adults undergoing normal physical examination were enrolled as control group. The fasting venous blood was collected and serum was separated in all subjects on the day of hospitalization or physical examination. Immune turbidity method was adopted to detect the serum CRP level, the positive rate of CRP (serum CRP>10 mg/L) was calculated, and the effect of different degree of dehydration and the type of infection on the level of serum CRP in patients was analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of serum CRP and the positive rate of different degree dehydration group or different type infection group were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the level of CRP and the positive rate between the severe dehydration group and the moderate dehydration group or between the non infectious group and the virus infection group (P>0.05). The CRP level and the positive rate in the severe dehydration group and moderate dehydration group was higher than that of the mild dehydration group, while the CRP level and the positive rate in bacterial infection group was higher than those of the non infectious group and virus infection group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of serum CRP was significantly increased in patients with moderate or severe diarrhea and bacterial infections, and the serum CRP level can be used to guide clinical drug use.
C-reactive protein; diarrhea, acute; dehydration; infection, bacterial; infection, virus
首都卫生发展科研专项项目 首发2012-6012-04
时间:2016-12-15
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.1164.R.20161215.1534.008.html
R574.62
A
1000-2707(2016)12-1452-03
10.19367/j.cnki.1000-2707.2016.12.019