模拟氮沉降对常绿阔叶林土壤有效氮形态和含量的影响

向元彬，黄从德，胡庭兴，涂利华，周世兴，肖永翔，唐剑东

(四川农业大学 林学院，四川省林业生态工程省级重点实验室，四川 成都 611130)



模拟氮沉降对常绿阔叶林土壤有效氮形态和含量的影响

向元彬，黄从德，胡庭兴，涂利华，周世兴，肖永翔，唐剑东

(四川农业大学 林学院，四川省林业生态工程省级重点实验室，四川 成都 611130)

常绿阔叶林；华西雨屏区；氮沉降；硝态氮；铵态氮

氮素是土壤养分的重要组成部分，是森林植物生长发育所必需的重要营养元素之一，其含量是衡量土壤质量、结构、团聚体形成等的主要指标[1-3]。在森林生态系统中，土壤有效氮主要以铵态氮和硝态氮的无机氮形式存在，是植物从土壤中吸收氮素的主要形态[4-6]，其含量与分布不仅对土壤氮素的循环过程有着重要影响，而且与植物生产力有着紧密联系。

1 研究区概况

研究区位于四川省雅安市雨城区碧峰峡(102°90′ E,29°40′ N)，海拔高度977.62 m，≥10 ℃年积温5 231 ℃，年均气温为16.2 ℃，最冷月为1月，平均气温6.1 ℃，最热月为7月，平均气温25.4 ℃，全年地面均温18.1 ℃。日照长度为1 039.6 h，全年太阳辐射总量为3 640.13 MJ/cm2。无霜期为304 d，年平均降水量1 772.2 mm，年蒸发量为1 011.2 mm，全年相对湿度为79%，气候温和湿润，属亚热带湿润季风型山地气候，试验区为地带性的偏湿性亚热带常绿阔叶林。试验区内植物种类丰富，群落结构复杂。主要有木荷(Schimasuperba)、硬斗石栎(Lithocarpushancei)、润楠(Machiluspingii)、总状山矾(Symplocosbotryantha)、青榨槭(Acerdavidii)、野漆(Rhussuccedanea)、海桐(Pittosporumtobira)、深裂中华槭(Acersinense)、利川润楠(Machiluslichuanensis)、肉桂(Cinnamomumcassia)、大叶石栎(Lithocarpusmegalophyllus)、柃木(Euryajaponica)和山茶(Camelliajaponica)等。土壤类型以黄壤为主，土壤厚度大于60 cm，林地条件基本一致。

2 材料与方法

2.1 试验地设置

2013年10月在四川省雅安市雨城区碧峰峡选择具代表性的天然常绿阔叶林作为研究对象，在研究对象内建立12个3 m×3 m的样方，随机分为4组，每个样方间设宽度>3 m的缓冲带。试验设置4个氮沉降水平，每个水平3个重复，处理水平分别为对照(CK,0 g/(m2·年))、低氮(L,5 g/(m2·年))、中氮(M,15 g/(m2·年))和高氮(H,30 g/(m2·年))。将年氮沉降量换算为每15 d的氮沉降量，从2013年11月下旬开始，平均每15 d用NH4NO3进行模拟氮沉降1次。施氮的方法是将每个样方所需NH4NO3溶解在2 L水中，用手提式喷雾器在林地样方50 cm高度来回均匀喷洒，非施氮处理样方喷施2 L清水。

2.2 土壤样品采集与处理

2.3 土壤理化指标的测定

2.4 数据分析

3 结果与分析

3.1 模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林土壤理化性质的影响

表 1 模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林0～20 cm土层土壤理化性质的影响

图柱上标不同大写字母代表处理间差异显著(P<0.05,n=3)，标不同小写字母代表土层间差异显著(P<0.05,n=3)。下图同

Different capital letters denote significantly different among treatments (P<0.05,n=3),and different lowercase letters denote significantly difference among layers (P<0.05,n=3).The same below

图 1 模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林不同土层土壤铵态氮含量的影响

3.4 不同氮沉降处理土壤无机氮含量与其他理化性质的相关性

图 2 模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林不同土层土壤硝态氮含量的影响

表 2 华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林不同氮沉降处理0～20 cm土层土壤无机氮与其他理化性质的相关系数

注：* 和** 分别表示在P<0.05 和P<0.01水平相关性显著 (n=3)。

Note:* and ** stand for significant correlation atP<0.05 andP<0.01 level,respectively(n=3).

4 结论与讨论

由此可见，氮沉降对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林土壤氮素状况产生了明显的影响，但其影响机制非常复杂，本研究为期1年，时间较短，模拟氮沉降仅处于初期阶段，要全面评价氮输入对森林土壤氮素循环的影响还需进一步长期深入地研究。

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Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on forms and contents of soil available nitrogen in an evergreen broad-leaved forest

XIANG Yuanbin,HUANG Congde,HU Tingxing,TU Lihua,ZHOU Shixing,XIAO Yongxiang,TANG Jiandong

(College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Laboratory of Forestry Ecology Engineering,theProvincialKeyLaboratoryofSichuanProvince,Chengdu,Sichuan611130,China)

时间:2016-10-20 16:36

10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2016.12.011

2015-07-22

国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2010BACO1A11)；国家自然科学基金项目(31300522)

向元彬(1983-)，男，四川成都人，在读博士，主要从事森林生态系统经营与管理研究。E-mail:tbrain@163.com

黄从德(1969-),男，四川内江人，教授，博士，博士生导师，主要从事森林碳循环、森林资源调查理论与技术研究。 E-mail:lyyxq100@aliyun.com

S718.55

A

1671-9387(2016)12-0073-08

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