郭婧澜,谭蓓蓓,叶婷
(西南医科大学附属医院1.检验科,2.核医学科,四川 泸州 646000)
血清microRNA-17-5p在胆管癌患者中的表达及其临床意义
郭婧澜1,谭蓓蓓2,叶婷1
(西南医科大学附属医院1.检验科,2.核医学科,四川 泸州 646000)
目的探讨循环microR NA-17-5p(miR-17-5p)在胆管癌患者血清中的表达,以及在胆管癌诊断和预后方面的价值。方法利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qR T-PCR)检测79例胆管癌患者及健康对照血清标本中miR-17-5p的表达,并利用统计学方法分析循环miR-17-5p在胆管癌中的诊断和预后价值。结果qR T-PCR发现,循环miR-17-5p在胆管癌患者血清中的表达高于健康对照组;受试者工作特征曲线显示,循环miR-17-5p为胆管癌有效的诊断分子靶点;χ2检验结果表明,循环miR-17-5p与胆管癌患者的TNM分期呈正相关;卡普兰-迈耶生存曲线显示,循环miR-17-5p的表达水平与胆管癌患者术后5年总体生存率、无进展生存率呈负相关。结论循环miR-17-5p在胆管癌患者血清中表达水平显著增高,是胆管癌早期诊断和判断预后的潜在分子指标。
循环miR-17-5p;诊断;预后;胆管癌
胆管癌是起源于胆道内皮的恶性肿瘤,易发生早期淋巴转移和远处转移。胆管癌的发病率近年来呈逐年上升趋势,且其发病机制和易感因素尚未完全清楚[1]。根治性手术是目前唯一可能治愈胆管癌的治疗方法[2]。由于胆管癌缺少早期症状,当典型临床表现出现时,多数患者已处于进展期,而无法进行根治性手术[3-4]。另外,由于缺少高度敏感性和特异性的胆管癌早期诊断指标,胆管癌患者预后极差,通常只有几个月,多数因肿瘤发生转移而死亡[5]。在临床上通常使用糖类抗原19-9(carbohydrate antigen 19-9,CA19-9)作为胆管癌诊断和判断预后的分子指标,但其敏感性和特异性均达不到理想水平,因此迫切需要寻找新的胆管癌早期诊断和判断预后的分子指标。
microRNA(miRNA)是一类广泛存在于真核生物体内的内源性的非编码小分子RNA[6]。研究发现,miRNA在包括胆管癌在内的大多数肿瘤中异常表达,可作为癌基因或抑癌基因发挥重要的作用,提示miRNA在肿瘤的基础研究和临床应用上具有广阔前景[7-8]。更为重要的是,肿瘤患者血清和血浆中miRNA表达谱的相关研究证实,循环miRNA可以稳定地被检测并提示肿瘤状态,是非常具有前景的肿瘤早期诊断和判断预后的分子指标[9-10]。然而,目前关于胆管癌患者血清中的循环miRNA的表达和临床价值方面的研究尚不足。本研究中,笔者检测循环miR-17-5p在79例胆管癌患者血清中的表达,并进一步分析其在早期诊断和判断预后方面的临床价值。
1.1一般资料
1.1.1研究对象选取2010年12月-2014年6月于西南医科大学附属医院就诊的胆管癌患者79例,以及同期健康对照患者79例,共158例。其中,行根治性手术治疗73例,姑息性手术治疗6例。所有入选患者的临床病理资料完整。纳入标准:①胆管癌患者经病理组织学确诊为胆管癌,且均为初诊、初治患者;②患者入组前未接受放、化疗;③入组患者无明显肝、肾功能异常;④未合并其他器官肿瘤或严重内科疾病。入组患者术前术后空腹采血各5ml,于真空干燥管中保存,1 500 r/min离心10 min后置入-80℃冰箱冷冻中保存待测。本研究经西南医科大学附属医院伦理委员会批准,所有入选的胆管癌患者同意使用其血清标本用于科学研究,并签署知情同意书。
1.1.2实验试剂和仪器miR-17-5p和内参U6引物购自北京TIANGEN科技有限公司,miRcute miRNA提取分离试剂盒购自北京TIANGEN科技有限公司,miRcute miRNA cDNA第一链合成试剂盒购自北京TIANGEN科技有限公司,SYBR Fast qPCR试剂盒购自日本TaKaRa公司。主要仪器:美国Bio-Rad CFX96荧光定量聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)仪,中国海尔公司-80℃冰箱,中国海尔公司-20℃冰箱,德国Eppendorf公司台式低温高速离心机。
1.2实验方法
1.2.1循环miR-17-5p的提取及逆转录循环miR-17-5p提取方法参照北京TIANGEN科技有限公司的miRcute miRNA提取分离试剂盒所述步骤。紫外分光仪检测RNA浓度及纯度。逆转录步骤参照北京TIANGEN科技有限公司miRcute miRNA cDNA第一链合成试剂盒所述步骤,每个逆转录体系中含有10 ng RNA模板。逆转录条件为:16℃变性30min,42℃退火30min,85℃延伸5min。
1.2.2实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(quantitative real-timepolymerasechainreaction,qR T-PCR)qRT-PCR反应条件为:95℃预变性3 min,95℃变性12s,60℃退火35s,共循环40次。采用的相对定量法计算循环miR-17-5p的相对表达量,相对表达量=2-Δct,Δct=ctmiR-17-5p-ctU6,ct为每个反应管荧光信号达到设定的阈值时所经历的循环数。
1.2.3血清CA19-9含量检测使用瑞士罗氏公司的Cobas e 601电化学发光分析仪及配套CA19-9检测试剂盒,对胆管癌患者血清CA19-9进行检测,参考值为0~34u/ml。
1.3统计学方法
采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行数据分析,胆管癌患者与健康对照、胆管癌患者术前与术后循环miR-17-5p表达差异比较用t检验,循环miR-17-5p表达与胆管癌患者临床病理特征之间的关系用χ2检验,循环miR-17-5p的诊断价值用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC),Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,各组间生存差异比较用Log-rankχ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1胆管癌患者血清循环miR-17-5p的表达
qRT-PCR结果显示,循环miR-17-5p在79例胆管癌患者血清中的相对表达量为(21.971± 13.134),79例健康对照组血清中miR-17-5p的相对表达量为(0.873±0.782),经t检验,差异有统计学意义(t=13.763,P=0.000)。miR-17-5p在胆管癌患者血清中相对表达量高于健康对照组。见图1。
图1 胆管癌患者血清miR-17-5p的表达水平
2.2胆管癌患者手术前后血清循环miR-17-5p的表达
qRT-PCR结果显示,在73例行根治性手术治疗的胆管癌患者中,术前miR-17-5p的相对表达量为(20.641±12.232),术后miR-17-5p的相对表达量为(4.516±4.458),经t检验,差异有统计学意义(t= 10.583,P=0.007),术后循环miR-17-5p的表达较术前降低。而在6例行姑息性手术治疗的胆管癌患者中,术前miR-17-5p的相对表达量为(28.572±21.603),术后miR-17-5p的相对表达量为(20.167±9.087),经t检验,差异无统计学意义(t=0.879,P=0.403),手术前后血清循环miR-17-5p的表达水平无明显改变。见图2。
图2 胆管癌患者手术前后血清miR-17-5p的表达变化
2.3循环miR-17-5p表达水平对胆管癌的诊断效率
根据79例胆管癌患者术前循环miR-17-5p和CA19-9的表达水平绘制ROC曲线,结果显示,miR-17-5P的ROC曲线下面积为0.855[95%置信区间(Confidenceinterval,CI):0.795,0.915],敏感性为81.051%,特异性为75.947%,对应诊断界值7.27,CA19-9的ROC曲线下面积为0.814(95%CI:0.747,0.880),敏感性为75.941%,特异性为71.931%。提示在胆管癌中循环miR-17-5p有较高的诊断价值。见图3。
图3 循环miR-17-5p和CA19-9对胆管癌的诊断价值
2.4循环miR-17-5p的表达与胆管癌患者临床病理特征的关系
miR-17-5p高表达的TNMⅠ、Ⅱ期胆管癌患者14例,miR-17-5p高表达的TNMⅢ、Ⅳ期胆管癌患者28例;miR-17-5p低表达的TNMⅠ、Ⅱ期胆管癌患者26例,miR-17-5p低表达的TNMⅢ、Ⅳ期胆管癌患者11例,经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义,循环miR-17-5p的表达上调与胆管癌患者的TNM分期相关,随着胆管癌TNM分期进展,循环miR-17-5p的表达亦逐渐升高。而循环miR-17-5p的表达与患者的年龄、性别、细胞核分化程度等临床病理特征无关。见附表。
2.5循环miR-17-5p与胆管癌患者术后5年生存率的关系
根据73例行根治性切除术的胆管癌患者术前循环miR-17-5p表达水平,将胆管癌患者分为循环miR-17-5p高表达组和循环miR-17-5p低表达组。卡普兰-迈耶生存曲线显示,循环miR-17-5p高表达组的胆管癌患者的术后5年总体生存率和无进展生存率均低于循环miR-17-5p低表达组(总体生存率log-rank test:P=0.012,无进展生存率log-rank test:P=0.023)。见图4。
附表 临床病理因素与胆管癌患者循环miR-17-5p表达水平的关系例
图4 循环miR-17-5p与胆管癌患者术后5年生存率的关系
既往文献显示,循环血液中的miR-17-5p可作为多种肿瘤的诊断和判断预后指标,包括肺癌、胃癌、胰腺癌和肝癌等[11-15]。笔者发现,胆管癌患者血清循环miR-17-5p为胆管癌早期诊断和判断预后的重要指标。本研究中,笔者检测循环miR-17-5p在胆管癌和健康对照血清中的表达水平,研究发现,循环miR-17-5p在胆管癌患者血清中表达较健康对照升高。而后笔者利用ROC曲线评估循环miR-17-5p作为胆管癌诊断指标的可行性,结果显示,根据胆管癌患者血清中循环miR-17-5p的表达水平可有效地区分出胆管癌患者,是胆管癌有效的诊断指标。另外,研究发现循环miR-17-5p与胆管癌患者TNM分期及术后5年总体和无进展生存率密切相关,结果显示,循环miR-17-5p的水平随着TNM分期升高而相应升高,循环miR-17-5p高表达的胆管癌患者术后5年总体生存率和无进展生存率均低于循环miR-17-5p低表达组,提示在胆管癌中,miR-17-5p可能起到癌基因的作用。
miR-17-5p是miR-17-92家族成员,在多种肿瘤中发挥癌基因的作用。miR-17-5p在多种肿瘤中表达异常升高,包括结肠癌、胃癌、肝细胞癌、和脑胶质瘤等[16-19]。另外,研究发现miR-17-5p在乳腺癌、肺癌及结肠癌中可调控肿瘤细胞的增殖和分化[20-22]。更为重要的是研究发现,miR-17-5p可抑制p21、BIM、AIB1和E2F1等抑癌基因的表达而促进肿瘤细胞增殖和分化[20,23-24]。在胆管癌的发生、发展中,miR-17-5p同样发挥着重要作用。研究显示,过表达miR-17-5p可上调YES1的表达,而进一步促进胆管癌细胞的增殖并抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡[25]。笔者认为,miR-17-5p在胆管癌的发生、发展中同样起到癌基因的作用。
综上所述,笔者的研究证实,胆管癌患者血清中miR-17-5p表达高于健康对照组;血清中miR-17-5p胆管癌早期诊断为有效的分子指标;胆管癌患者循环miR-17-5p的水平与胆管癌的TNM分期分呈正相关,而与年龄、肿瘤类型及分化程度等临床病理特征无关;血清中miR-17-5p高表达的胆管癌患者5年总体生存率和无进展生存率均低于循环miR-17-5p低表达组。本研究揭示循环miR-17-5p在胆管癌中的临床价值,为胆管癌的早期诊断及预后判断提供潜在分子靶点。
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(童颖丹编辑)
Expression of circulating miR-17-5p in cholangiocarcinoma patients and its clinical significance
Jing-lan Guo1,Bei-bei Tan2,Ting Ye1
(1.Clinical Laboratory;2.Department of Nuclear Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou,Sichuan 646000,China)
Objective To explore the expression of circulating miR-17-5p in the patients with cholangiocarcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods Expression of circulating miR-17-5p was analyzed by qRTPCR in 79 patients with cholangiocarcinoma.Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating miR-17-5p in cholangiocarcinoma.Results qRT-PCR revealed that the circulating miR-17-5p was significantly up-regulated in the serum of the patients with cholangiocarcinoma compared to the normal controls.ROC curves revealed that circulating miR-17-5p was a promising diagnostic biomarker for patients with cholangiocarcinoma.Chi-square test revealed that circulating miR-17-5p was positively associated with clinical stage of the patients with cholangiocarcinoma.Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that the cholangiocarcinoma patients with high circulating miR-17-5p expression had poorer outcome compared to the patients with low circulating miR-17-5p expression.Conclusions Circulating miR-17-5p expression is up-regulated in serum of patients with cholangiocarcinoma,and is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
circulating miR-17-5p;diagnosis;prognosis;cholangiocarcinoma
R 735
A
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2016.19.009
1005-8982(2016)19-0042-05
2016-07-06