谢光杰易富敢
贝那普利联合保肾康治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗效分析及其价值研究
谢光杰①易富敢①
目的:探讨贝那普利联合保肾康治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗效及其价值。方法:选取2013年12月-2015年12月本院收治的已明确诊断为原发性慢性肾小球肾炎180例患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组92例和观察组88例。对照组给予盐酸贝那普利片口服治疗,观察组给予盐酸贝那普利片+保肾康联合治疗,4周为一疗程,两组均连续治疗4个疗程。观察并比较两组治疗前后血压、24 h尿蛋白定量情况及总有效率。结果:治疗前,对照组血压(139±12)/(78±7) mm Hg,观察组(138±11)/(80±9) mm Hg,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,对照组血压(136±10)/(76±7) mm Hg,观察组(135±10)/(78±8) mm Hg,两组血压均较治疗前有所降低,但比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且两组间比较差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,对照组24 h尿蛋白定量为(1.87±0.62)g,观察组24 h尿蛋白定量为(1.92±0.67)g,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,对照组24 h尿蛋白定量为(0.89±0.45)g,观察组24 h尿蛋白定量为(0.61±0.41)g,两组24 h尿蛋白定量均较治疗前明显降低,且治疗后观察组明显低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为94.32%,高于对照组的78.26%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:贝那普利联合保肾康治疗慢性肾小球肾炎降低尿蛋白效果明显,可提高患者治疗有效率。
盐酸贝那普利片; 保肾康; 慢性肾小球肾炎; 临床疗效; 价值
First-author's address:Red Cross Hospital of Yulin City,Yulin 537000,China
慢性肾小球肾炎(chronic glomerulonephritis,CNG)简称慢性肾炎,是临床肾内科较常见的一种慢性疾病[1]。它是以高血压、水肿、蛋白尿、血尿,伴或不伴氮质血症等症状为主要表现的一组临床综合征[2]。该病起病慢,病程迁延,多数患者伴有不同程度的肾功能损伤,若治疗不当或延误,肾功能则可能因不可逆性恶化而最终发展为慢性肾功能衰竭(chronic renal failure,CRF)。目前西医对早期CNG尚无明确有效的治疗方案,而中西医结合疗法对该病有一定治疗效果[3]。因此,笔者应用贝那普利联合保肾康治疗本院CNG患者,并取得了满意的疗效,现报道如下。
1.1 一般资料 选取2013年12月-2015年12月于本院肾内科住院及门诊治疗的已明确诊断为原发性CNG的180例患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组92例和观察组88例,对照组中男53例,女39例;年龄25~68岁,平均(45.2±9.8)岁;病程2~18年,平均(11.7±3.4)年;伴氮质血症62例,伴肾功能减退47例。观察组中男50例,女38例;年龄24~66岁,平均(43.1±8.3)岁;病程2~21年,平均(12.1±3.8)年;伴有氮质血症者55例,伴肾功能减退者41例。两组患者在性别、年龄、病程、有无氮质血症及有无肾功能减退等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有患者均自愿参与本研究并签署知情同意书,本研究经本院医学伦理委员会批准。
1.2 纳入及排除标准 纳入标准:符合中华医学会《临床诊疗指南肾脏病学分册》中制定的关于原发性CNG的诊断标准:起病隐匿,病情进展缓慢,病程迁延,肾功能进行性恶化并出现贫血、血压升高等,最终发展为CRF;同时出现高血压、水肿、血尿、蛋白尿或管型尿等异常表现,伴或不伴有氮质血症,伴或不伴肾功能减退[4]。排除标准:(1)继发性肾小球肾炎、急性肾小球肾炎、急进性肾小球肾炎、遗传性肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征等其他肾脏疾病;(2)心、肝、肺、脑等重要脏器功能损害者;(3)药物(阿魏酸哌嗪类)过敏者;(4)治疗依从性差者;(5)未签署知情同意书者[5]。
1.3 治疗方法 在两组常规治疗期间,采取以下治疗措施:(1)对照组给予盐酸贝那普利片(通用名称:盐酸贝那普利片;商标名称:洛汀新;英文名称:Benazepril Hydrochloride Tablets;规格:10 mg×14片×1盒;生产企业:北京诺华制药有限公司)10 mg(1片),1 次/d口服治疗;观察组给予盐酸贝那普利片+保肾康(通用名称:阿魏酸哌嗪片;商标名称:保肾康;英文名称:Piperazine Ferulate Tablets;规格:50 mg×50片×1瓶;生产企业:湖南千金湘江药业股份有限公司)100~200 mg(2~4片),3 次/d口服联合治疗。(2)血压测量:3 次/d(早、中、晚各1次)对两组患者血压(收缩压/舒张压)进行测量,计算出每日血压平均值。(3)尿液检查:每隔2周测量两组患者24 h尿蛋白定量。4周为1个疗程,两组均连续治疗4个疗程。
1.4 观察指标 观察两组治疗前后血压、24 h尿蛋白定量及治疗总有效率。
1.5 疗效判定标准 参考中华医学会肾脏病学分会编著的《临床诊疗指南-肾脏病学分册》中关于原发性CNG的治疗效果分级:(1)完全缓解,尿蛋白<200 mg/24 h和/或高倍镜下血尿消失,肌酐值正常;(2)基本缓解,24 h尿蛋白减少50%以上和/或高倍镜下轻度血尿(红细胞≤3个/HP),肌酐值基本正常(与基础值差值的绝对值<15%基础值);(3)部分缓解:24 h尿蛋白定量减少≥25%和/或高倍镜下轻度血尿红细胞≤5个/HP,肾肌酐值稍微改善;(4)无效:以上指标水平无改善甚至恶化。总有效率=(完全缓解例数+基本缓解例数+部分缓解例数)/总例数×100%。
1.6 统计学处理 使用SPSS 16.0软件对所得数据进行统计学分析,计量资料以(±s)表示,比较采用t检验,计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1 两组治疗前后血压比较 治疗前,两组血压比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组血压均较治疗前有所降低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。
表1 两组治疗前后血压比较(±s) mm Hg
表1 两组治疗前后血压比较(±s) mm Hg
舒张压组别收缩压治疗前治疗后t值P值治疗前治疗后t值P值对照组(n=92)139±12136±101.84210.067178±776±71.93780.0542观察组(n=88)138±11135±101.89310.060080±978±81.55810.1210 t值1.74621.66830.53561.0103 P值0.08250.09700.59290.3137
2.2 两组治疗前后24 h尿蛋白定量比较 治疗前,两组24 h尿蛋白定量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组24 h尿蛋白定量均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组24 h尿蛋白定量明显低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。
表2 两组治疗前后24 h尿蛋白定量比较(±s) g
表2 两组治疗前后24 h尿蛋白定量比较(±s) g
组别24 h尿蛋白定量t值P值治疗前治疗后对照组(n=92)1.87±0.620.89±0.4512.26980.0000观察组(n=88)1.92±0.670.61±0.4115.64480.0000 t值0.51994.3578 P值0.60370.0000
2.3 两组治疗总有效率比较 观察组治疗总有效率为94.32%,高于对照组的78.26%,观察组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。
表3 两组治疗总有效率比较 例(%)
原发性慢性肾小球肾炎(CNG)是临床内科常见的难治性疾病,临床上尚无明确有效的治疗方法[6-8]。原发性CNG患者病情呈慢性进行性发展,长期迁延不愈[9-12]。近年来,原发性CNG的发病逐渐趋向于年轻化,威胁到人们的生命健康。对于重症患者须行人工肾脏替代治疗方可延缓病情恶化[13-15]。据大量国外文献报道,中医药在改善肾功能、延缓肾功能减退及降低尿蛋白方面具有明显优势[16-19]。文献[20-23]亦表明,中药在降低原发性CNG患者尿蛋白方面效果尤为显著。莫成宇[24]将260例原发性CNG患者进行随机对照研究后发现,在采用贝那普利结合中医与肾炎康复片综合治疗的130例观察组患者中,84例患者症状有所缓解,21例显效,15例好转,10例无效,总有效率为93.12%;而在仅采用西药贝那普利的130例对照组患者中,17例患者症状有所缓解,35例显效,8例好转,70例无效,总有效率为47.15%。观察组患者血压和尿蛋白指标均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。该研究结果证明,采用肾炎康复片联合常规西药综合治疗CNG的临床疗效显著,且无明显不良反应,可有效提高治愈率。另有学者韩法珍[25]研究结果显示,肾炎康复片+中医辨证治疗联合常规西药(贝那普利)治疗原发性CNG的疗效显著,尿蛋白等指标明显改善(P<0.05),不良反应轻,患者耐受良好。以上学者的研究均证明了中药肾炎康复片与西药贝那普利联合治疗原发性CNG的良好疗效,充分体现了中西医结合疗法在原发性CNG患者治疗中的应用价值。
在本次研究中,观察并比较两组血压、24 h尿蛋白指标情况及治疗总有效率后得出:治疗前,对照组血压(139±12)/(78±7) mm Hg,观察组(138±11)/(80±9) mm Hg,比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,对照组血压(136±10)/(76±7) mm Hg,观察组(135±10)/(78±8) mm Hg,两组血压均较治疗前有所降低,但比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,对照组24 h尿蛋白定量为(1.87±0.62)g,观察组24 h尿蛋白定量为(1.92±0.67)g,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,对照组24 h尿蛋白定量为(0.89±0.45)g,观察组24 h尿蛋白定量为(0.61±0.41)g,两组24 h尿蛋白定量均较治疗前明显降低,且治疗后观察组明显低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为94.32%,高于对照组的78.26%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。笔者认为,贝那普利联合保肾康治疗原发性CNG在降低尿蛋白方面效果明显,可提高患者治疗有效率。该研究结论与以上学者的研究大致相同,再次证实了中西医联合治疗原发性CNG在降低尿蛋白、提高治疗有效率方面的显著效果。
综上所述,贝那普利联合保肾康治疗原发性CNG可有效降低患者尿蛋白,提高治疗有效率,安全可靠,值得临床推广应用。
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Analysis and Research on Clinical Efficacy and Value of Benazepril Combined with Piperazine Ferulate Tablets in the Treatment of Chronic Glomerulonephritis
XIE Guang-jie,YI Fu-gan.//Medical Innovation of China,2016,13(27):049-052
Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and value of Benazepril combined with Piperazine Ferulate Tablets in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis.Method:From December 2013 to December 2015,180 cases of clearly diagnosed to suffer from primary chronic glomerulonephritis in our hospital were selected as the research objects,they were divided into the control group of 92 cases and the observation group of 88 cases according to the random number table method.The control group was given oral Benazepril Hydrochloride Tablets therapy and the observation group was given Benazepril Hydrochloride Tablets combined with Piperazine Ferulate Tablets therapy,4 weeks for 1 courses of treatment and two groups were continuous treatment of 4 courses.The blood pressure,24 h urine protein quantity before and after treatment and total effective rate of two groups were observed and compared.Result:Before treatment,the blood pressure in the control group was(139±12)/(78±7) mm Hg and that of the observation group was(138±11)/(80±9) mm Hg,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).After treatment,the blood pressure in the control group was(136±10)/(76±7) mm Hg and that of the observation group was(135±10)/(78±8) mm Hg,the blood pressure in two groups was lower than before treatment,but there was no significant difference,and there was no significant difference of two groups(P>0.05).Before treatment,the urine protein quantitative within 24 h in the control group was(1.87±0.62)g,while that of the observation group was(1.92±0.67)g,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).After treatment,the urine protein quantitative within 24 h in the control group was (0.89±0.45)g,while that of the observation group was(0.61±0.41)g,the urine protein quantitative within 24 h in two groups were significantly lower than that of before treatment(P<0.05),and the the urine protein quantitative within 24 h in the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than that ofthe control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group was 94.32%,higher than 78.26% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:Benazepril Hydrochloride Tablets combined with Piperazine Ferulate Tablets has obvious effects in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis for reducing the urine protein and improving the effective rate.
Benazepril Hydrochloride Tablets; Piperazine Ferulate Tablets; Chronic Glomerulonephritis; Clinical efficacy; Value
①广西玉林市红十字会医院 广西 玉林 537000
谢光杰
10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.27.013
(2016-05-23) (本文编辑:李颖)