张乾营,刘旭红,李嘉家
ZHANG Qian-ying, LIU Xu-hong, LI Jia-jia
MRI诊断腰椎管内副神经节瘤一例
张乾营,刘旭红,李嘉家
ZHANG Qian-ying, LIU Xu-hong, LI Jia-jia
作者单位:
中国人民解放军第180医院医学影像科,泉州 362000
Department of Medical Imaging, the 180th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Quanzhou Fujian 362000, China
患者 25岁,腰痛伴左下肢放射痛2个月加重3 d入院。于入院前2个月无明显诱因出现腰痛,伴左下肢放射痛,影响行走,无低热、盗汗、夜重昼轻等不适,休息或平卧后症状稍减轻,与天气变化无关,后有出现右下肢放射痛。MRI:腰3~4椎体层面椎管内可见椭圆形等T1、稍长T2信号灶,大小约1.3 cm×2.7 cm,界限清,STIR呈稍高信号,增强扫描明显均匀强化,局部终丝受压推移,瘤体周围见异常粗大血管影(图1)。行椎管肿瘤摘除术,术中见:腰3~4椎体节段椎管内硬膜下脊髓前侧可见一卵圆形肿物,大小约3.0 cm× 2.0 cm,质软,界限清楚。术后病理瘤细胞呈巢状或小叶状排列,瘤细胞大小较一致,多角形,核居中,圆形,胞浆红染,颗粒状(图2)。免疫组化标记结果:NSE (+),CgA (+),Syn (+),CKpan (+), EMA(-),CD34(-),Ki-67 (2%+)。病理证实为腰椎管内副神经节瘤。
图1 A~C:示腰椎管内长T1、长T2信号结节,增强扫描明显强化,周围伴粗大血管 图2 镜下瘤细胞呈巢状或小叶状排列,瘤细胞大小较一致,多角形,核居中,圆形,胞浆红染,颗粒状(HE ×200)Fig. 1 A—C: Shows there is a long T1, long T2 signal nodules in the lumbar spinal canal, which enhanced signifcantly, and surrounded by fow-void vessels. Fig. 2 Shows under the microscope cell tumor showed nests or lobular arrangement, the size of the tumor cell is consistent, polygonal, centrally located nuclei, cytoplasm stained granular (HE ×200).
讨论 1912年Pick将嗜铬细胞瘤分为肾内和肾外两种,将发生于肾上腺内的命名为嗜铬细胞瘤,而将发生于肾上腺外的命名为副神经节瘤[1]。副神经节瘤主要分布于脊椎旁交感神经丛区域内未完全退化的嗜铬组织[2],多见于颈动脉体区或颈静脉球区,椎管内生长的副神经节瘤发病率非常低[3],大多数集中在腰骶部、马尾和终丝区域椎管内[4],并且无功能性肿瘤占绝大多数。本病好发年龄约50岁左右,因大多数肿瘤无功能性病变,所以临床多以肿瘤压迫所致的非特异性症状为首发症状,因此本病误诊率及漏诊率极高。MRI是目前诊断椎管内副神经节瘤的最佳检查方法[5],主要表现为边界清楚的软组织肿块,T1WI等信号、T2WI高信号,内部滋养血管丰富,少数肿瘤可见点状出血,增强扫描瘤体明显强化,周围常出现粗大“流空血管”影,增强扫描呈血管样强化。主要与椎管内神经源性肿瘤、椎管内表皮样囊肿及其他少见病鉴别诊断[6-7]。目前肿瘤最佳的治疗方法是手术切除,并且预后较好。但是少数不能全部切除的肿瘤可能出现脑脊液播散转移,可行再次手术及放化疗联合治疗[8]。
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MRI diagnosis of paraganglioma in vertebral canal: case report
26 June 2016, Accepted 16 Aug 2016
Spinal cord neoplasms; Lumbago-leg pain; Magnetic resonance imaging
脊髓肿瘤;腰腿痛;磁共振成像
2016-06-26 接受日期:2016-08-16
R445.2;R826.64
B
10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2016.09.012