多发性骨髓瘤患者血清乳酸脱氢酶和C反应蛋白检测及临床意义

2016-10-19 15:10张浩然毕明宏翟云芝
中国医药导报 2016年5期
关键词:多发性骨髓瘤c反应蛋白

张浩然 毕明宏 翟云芝 等

[摘要] 目的 探討在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者中血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平测定的临床意义。 方法 分别采用速率法和散射比浊法测定2013年7月~2015年9月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院收治的32例MM患者(Ⅰ期8例、Ⅱ期11例、Ⅲ期13例)及20名健康体检者的血清LDH和CRP水平,分析LDH和CRP与疾病临床进展及预后的关系。 结果 MM患者血清LDH和CRP水平高于健康体检者(P < 0.05);LDH和CRP水平与患者年龄和性别均无相关性(P > 0.05);不同分期MM患者LDH和CRP水平比较结果显示,LDH和CRP水平均为Ⅲ期明显高于Ⅱ期,Ⅱ期高于Ⅰ期,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);经2个周期的化疗后,患者LDH和CRP水平均较治疗前显著下降(P < 0.05);MM患者的LDH水平与CRP呈明显正相关(P < 0.05)。 结论 血清LDH和CRP水平检测可作为MM诊断、分期和预后评估的相关指标。

[关键词] 多发性骨髓瘤;乳酸脱氢酶;C反应蛋白

[中图分类号] R733.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)02(b)-0115-04

Determination and clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein in patients with multiple myeloma

ZHANG Haoran1 BI Minghong1 ZHAI Yunzhi1 PAN Chengwu2 ZHAO Lun1

1.Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu 233004, China; 2.Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province, Bengbu 233004, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in multiple myeloma (MM). Methods The levels of serum LDH and CRP of 32 MM patients (8 cases in stage Ⅰ, 11 cases in stage Ⅱ and 13 cases in stage Ⅲ) and 20 healthy persons in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from July 2013 to September 2015 were measured by using velocity method and nephelometry assay. The relationships of LDH and CRP with clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed. Results The levels of serum LDH and CRP in MM patients were obviously higher than those of healthy persons (P < 0.05). The levels of serum LDH and CRP in MM patients were not correlated with age and gender (P > 0.05). The serum LDH and CRP of MM patients in different stages were respectively compared, which showed that the levels of LDH and CRP in stage Ⅲ were all higher than those of stage Ⅱ (P < 0.05), which of stage Ⅱ were higher than those of stage Ⅰ, the differences were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of serum LDH and CRP after two cycles of chemotherapy were significantly decreased compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). The levels of LDH in patients with MM were positively correlated with CRP (P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection of levels of serum LDH and CRP can be used as the relative indexes for diagnosis, classification and prognosis of patients with MM.

[Key words] Multiple myeloma; Lactate dehydrogenase; C-reactive protein

多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)居血液系统恶性肿瘤第2位,占10%~15%[1]。MM是一种起源于B淋巴细胞并能分泌大量单克隆免疫球蛋白的恶性浆细胞肿瘤。文献报道显示血清中C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)及血清乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平增高与不良预后有关[2-3],LDH和CRP与MM患者病情变化有密切的关系,因此本研究对MM患者LDH和CRP水平进行分析,对提高MM患者的诊治及预后的认识有重要意义。现报道如下:

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

收集2013年7月~2015年9月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院(以下简称“我院”)收治的MM患者32例,男18例,女14例;年龄40~76岁,平均(56.3±12.6)岁。所有病例均符合《血液病诊断及疗效标准》[4]的判定标准,按Durie-Salmon分期法:Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ期11例,Ⅲ期13例。同时选择我院同期健康体检者20名作为对照,男11名,女9名,年龄38~75岁,平均(53.8±10.2)岁。MM患者与健康者在性别、年龄方面比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 方法

空腹采集静脉血5 mL,分离血清标本,测定LDH和CRP水平;经过2个周期的化疗以后,复查LDH和CRP指标。LDH的检测采用速率法,测定采用美国Beckman Coulter LX20全自动生化分析仪,109~245 U/L为正常范围。CRP的检测采用散射比浊法,仪器为美国Beckman Coulter Array360特定蛋白分析仪。CRP正常范围<6 mg/L。上述检测均按说明书进行操作。

1.3 统计学方法

所有数据采用SPSS 17.0软件包进行分析。非正态分布数据比较采用非参数法 Mann-Whitney检验。计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验或方差分析。相关性分析采用Spearman等级相关分析法。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 MM患者和健康者血清LDH和CRP水平比较

MM患者血清LDH和CRP水平均高于健康体检者(P < 0.05)。见表1。

表1 MM患者和健康者血清LDH和CRP水平比较(x±s)

注:与健康者比较,*P < 0.05;LDH:乳酸脱氢酶;CRP:C反应蛋白

2.2 MM患者LDH和CRP水平与年龄和性别的关系

LDH和CRP水平与患者年龄和性别均无相关性(P > 0.05)。见表2。

2.3 不同分期MM患者LDH和CRP水平比较

Ⅲ期MM患者血清LDH和CRP水平明显高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期(P < 0.05),Ⅱ期MM患者血清LDH和CRP水平明显高于Ⅰ期(P < 0.05)。见表3。

表3 不同分期MM患者LDH和CRP水平比较(x±s)

注:与Ⅰ期比较,*P < 0.05;与Ⅱ期比较,#P < 0.05;MM:多发性骨髓瘤;LDH:乳酸脱氢酶;CRP:C反应蛋白

2.4 MM患者治疗前后LDH和CRP水平变化

经过2个周期的化疗后,患者LDH和CRP水平均较治疗前显著下降(P < 0.05)。见表4。

表4 MM患者治疗前后LDH和CRP水平变化(x±s)

注:与化疗前比较,*P < 0.05;MM:多发性骨髓瘤;LDH:乳酸脱氢酶;CRP:C反应蛋白

2.5 MM患者血清LDH与CRP的相关性

将MM患者血清LDH与CRP进行Spearman相关性分析,结果显示LDH水平与CRP呈明显正相关(r = 0.613,P < 0.05)。

3 讨论

化疗是MM患者的主要治疗手段之一,化疗有助于延长患者存活时间,提高患者生活质量。本研究观察了化疗前后LDH和CRP的改变情况。以往多项研究显示血清LDH和CRP在恶性肿瘤中均有不同程度的升高[2-4],在本研究中得到进一步证实。

LDH测定在淋巴瘤、MM、白血病等多种恶性肿瘤疾病中的辅助诊断、疗效判断及预后方面均有重要的价值[5-7],LDH水平明显升高者,多为病情恶化、预后不佳,而其值低者,则预后较好,长期生存期一般较长[8-9]。本研究结果显示MM患者血清中LDH水平较健康者明显增高,提示LDH测定可以作为MM诊断的辅助指标。在正常机体内血清LDH的含量低于组织细胞的1/1000。在肿瘤病理状态下,恶性肿瘤细胞的糖酵解与三羧酸循环脱节,出现细胞代谢紊乱现象,恶性肿瘤细胞葡萄糖代谢的含量超过正常组织的5~10倍,其中大多转化为乳酸盐,可引起释放入血的酶含量增加[10]。在机体内肝脏中LDH的浓度最高,其次是骨骼肌、心脏及肾脏[11]。本研究中排除心、肝、肾病变和溶血标本后的结果显示,血清LDH水平在不同临床分期(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期)中存在明显不同,也从另一角度说明MM患者体内恶性浆细胞的含量及增殖状况。本研究结果显示,化疗前后的LDH变化明显,化疗后LDH活力下降并恢复至正常,提示恶性肿瘤细胞生长增殖受到抑制或肿瘤细胞已被大量杀灭。患者经相应化疗或其他治疗后,病情好转或缓解,多数病例LDH均有不同程度降低。LDH广泛分布于人体组织细胞中,肿瘤细胞快速增殖导致缺氧诱导因子-1激活,从而导致LDH等糖酵解酶基因的表达,使LDH合成增加。Colovi等[12]研究显示LDH水平是MM的一项独立預后指标,根据LDH水平可判断MM疾病的进展。由此表明LDH变化在预测MM患者预后方面具有重要的临床意义。

CPR是由肝脏合成的一种能与肺炎球菌C多糖体反应形成复合物的急性时相反应蛋白,其参与体内多种生理及病理过程,进一步研究发现CRP在淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤、肺癌、乳腺癌、食管癌等肿瘤中明显升高,其可作为血液肿瘤的预后因子[13-16]。研究表明CRP、IL-6水平与患者的病情密切相关[17-19]。本研究结果显示,MM患者化疗前CRP与临床分期存在正相关性。这提示CRP可能成为反映MM患者疾病变化的指标,有可能对MM患者的预后有参考价值。有研究结果表明,CRP测定用于肿瘤的治疗和预后有积极意义,高水平的和持久的血清CRP是某些恶性肿瘤不利的预后因素[20]。本研究结果显示化疗后CRP水平较化疗前显著下降,提示CRP水平可能作为MM患者预后的一个指标,同时考虑到CRP是一个在临床中经常被采用的简单而常规的实验室检查指标,因此其存在一定的临床参考价值。

本研究结果显示MM患者血清LDH和CRP水平高于健康体检者,分期高的患者LDH和CRP水平也较高。化疗前后LDH及CRP水平受到显著影响,MM患者化疗后LDH及CRP水平下降。血清LDH与CRP水平呈正相关。联合检测血清LDH和CRP改变可作为MM患者预后的重要指标。但由于本研究样本较少,因此LDH和CRP在MM诊疗及预后中的价值还需要更多的数据和资料来进一步研究和证实。

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(收稿日期:2015-11-01 本文編辑:张瑜杰)

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