韦国雨 陈清雄 唐永亮 李钰威
(1广西桂平市中医医院骨科 桂平537200;2广东省广州宏宇生物技术有限公司 广州510003)
从生长分化因子-5调控关节软骨形成观察加味当归四逆汤防治膝骨关节炎临床研究
韦国雨1陈清雄1唐永亮1李钰威2
(1广西桂平市中医医院骨科桂平537200;2广东省广州宏宇生物技术有限公司广州510003)
目的:通过观察治疗前后膝骨关节炎患者生长分化因子-5(GDF-5)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)及临床症状计分变化,探讨加味当归四逆汤防治膝骨关节炎(KOA)的可能机制及临床效用。方法:采用随机、对照设计,选择符合诊断标准、纳入标准及排除标准的KOA患者62例,按就诊顺序1︰1随机分为两组,每组31例。治疗组予加味当归四逆汤,对照组予仙灵骨葆胶囊,连续4周。详细记录治疗前、治疗后2周及4周临床症状计分变化,应用Real-time PCR技术检测治疗前后GDF-5及VEGF表达变化。结果:治疗组临床治愈10例,显效7例,有效12例,无效2例,总有效率为93.55%;对照组临床治愈6例,显效5例,有效8例,无效12例,总有效率为61.29%,治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组,P<0.05。治疗前,两组患者临床症状计分对比,无显著性差异。治疗后2、4周,治疗组临床症状计分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。治疗后,治疗组在治疗后2周关节疼痛明显缓解,晨僵改善,关节功能部分恢复,治疗后4周,关节疼痛显著缓解,晨僵及关节活动消失。治疗前,两组患者GDF-5、VEGF表达对比无显著性差异;治疗后,两组患者GDF-5、VEGF表达上升,且治疗组上升更显著(P<0.05)。结论:加味当归四逆汤可能通过上调GDF-5及VEGF表达,发挥缓解KOA的效用,值得推广应用。
膝骨关节炎;生长分化因子-5,血管内皮细胞生长因子;当归四逆汤
膝骨关节炎(Knee Osteoarthritis,KOA)是临床最为常见的退行性关节性疾病,发病年龄以中、老年人居多,故又称为老年性骨关节病。其形成与年龄、外伤、肥胖、遗传及活动过度有关,具体发病机制尚未明确,因此亦缺乏特效的治疗手段[1~2]。中医学将本病归属于“骨痹”范畴,其病机以“肝肾亏虚为本,寒湿瘀阻为标”,诚如《内经》云“痹之安生?其寒气胜者为痛痹,湿气盛者为着痹。”笔者在中医药理论指导下,应用当归四逆汤随证加减治疗KOA,临床疗效显著,但关于该方的具体机制尚未明确。现代医学研究发现,KOA患者其发病机制虽然不明,但软骨发育异常、损伤及进行性消失,细胞外基质释放增加,骨质增生等被认为在KOA形成中占据重要地位[3~4]。生长分化因子-5(Growth Differentiation Factor-5,GDF-5)有广泛地促进细胞分化的作用,能促使骨折的修复、软骨的生成、修复韧带组织,诱导脂肪细胞来源的间质干细胞分化成骨、软骨和肌腱等组织,尤其是GDF-5介导血管内皮细胞生长因子(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor,VEGF)在KOA发生、发展中占据重要地位[5~6]。本研究应用随机、对照研究设计,检测治疗前后患者GDF-5、VEGF表达变化,探讨当归四逆汤防治KOA的临床疗效及其可能机制。现报告如下:
1.1病例来源62例KOA病例均源自于2015年1~12月在桂平市中医医院骨科门诊就诊患者,其中男22例,女40例;平均年龄(56.27±12.46)岁;病程为(2.31±0.65)年。
1.2诊断标准西医诊断标准参照《骨关节炎诊治指南(2007年版)》[7],中医诊断标准参照《膝骨关节炎中医诊疗专家共识意见(2015)》中关于“寒湿痹阻”证型[8]。
1.3纳入标准(1)符合诊断标准;(2)年龄40~70岁;(3)能理解和签署知情同意书者。
1.4排除标准 (1)膝关节间隙显著狭窄或关节间形成骨桥连接而成骨性强直者;(2)本身具有关节炎症表现的疾病,如类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、痛风;并发症影响到关节者,如炎症性肠病、代谢性骨病等;(3)合并有骨肿瘤、骨结核或有明显急性外伤史而造成半月板损伤、韧带断裂及血管神经损伤以及有明显膝关节内外翻畸形史患者。
2.1研究设计本研究采用随机、对照设计,选择符合诊断标准、纳入标准及排除标准的KOA患者62例,按就诊顺序1︰1随机分为两组,每组31例。其中随机数字表由简明统计软件形成,用不透光信封法实现随机隐藏。
2.2分组给药治疗组:当归四逆汤加减(当归12 g、桂枝12 g、白芍12 g、细辛3 g、通草6 g、大枣8 g、炙甘草6 g、牛膝12 g、杜仲12 g),采用免煎中药,每日1剂,分2次服,连续4周,由江苏江阴天江药业生产,购自本院药房。对照组:仙灵骨葆胶囊(国药准字Z20025337),每次3粒,3次/d,连续4周。
2.3观察指标
2.3.1治疗前后临床症状计分变化临床症状以关节疼痛、晨僵及关节屈伸不利为主要计分项。其中主要症状以关节疼痛为主:0分:无疼痛;2分:疼痛<1 h,未影响到关节功能;4分:疼痛明显,每天发作>2 h,已影响到关节功能;6分:剧痛,难以行走。晨僵:0分:无;1分:晨僵<1 h;2分:晨僵>2 h,活动后可减轻;3分:晨僵明显,活动无法减轻。关节屈伸不利:0分:无;1分:关节活动轻度受限,活动后可减轻;2分:关节活动明显受限;3分:关节活动严重受限,影响生活。详细记录治疗前及治疗后2、4周症状计分变化。
2.3.2治疗前后 GDF-5、VEGF表达变化应用Real-time PCR技术检测治疗前后KOA患者血清GDF-5、VEGF表达变化,具体步骤严格按照说明进行,委托广州蓝吉生物技术有限公司完成。见表1。
表1 人GDF-5、VEGF及GAPDH引物序列
2.4疗效判定标准参照《国际骨关节炎研究学会髋与膝骨关节炎治疗指南》[9],采用主要症状疗效判定法,即根据患者膝关节疼痛缓解情况设临床治愈(疼痛基本消失)、显效(疼痛明显改善,即治疗前后疼痛积分下降2个维度)、有效(疼痛有所改善,即治疗前后疼痛积分下降1个维度)及无效(疼痛无明显改善)。
2.5统计学分析采用SPSS18.0软件分析处理数据。计量资料数据以均数±标准差表示,符合正态分布,应用t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
3.1两组患者总体疗效比较治疗组临床治愈10例,显效7例,有效12例,无效2例,总有效率为93.55%;对照组临床治愈6例,显效5例,有效8例,无效12例,总有效率为61.29%,经RIDIT分析,R=4.765,P<0.05,治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组。
3.2两组患者治疗前后临床症状计分变化比较治疗前,两组患者临床症状计分对比,无显著性差异。治疗后2、4周,治疗组临床症状计分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。治疗后,治疗组在治疗后2周关节疼痛明显缓解,晨僵改善,关节功能部分恢复;治疗后4周,关节疼痛显著缓解,晨僵及关节活动消失。见表2。
表2 两组患者治疗前后临床症状计分变化比较(分,x±s)
3.3两组患者治疗前后GDF-5、VEGF表达变化比较治疗前,两组患者GDF-5、VEGF表达对比无显著性差异;治疗后,两组患者GDF-5、VEGF表达上升,且治疗组上升更显著(P<0.05)。见表3。
表3 两组患者治疗前后GDF-5、VEGF表达变化比较
表3 两组患者治疗前后GDF-5、VEGF表达变化比较
注:与治疗前比较,*P<0.05;与对照组比较,#P<0.05。
组别 n 时间 GDF-5 VEGF治疗组对照组31 31治疗前治疗后治疗前治疗后0.78±0.09 1.69±0.05*#0.84±0.06 1.03±0.11 0.73±0.12 1.82±0.07*#0.76±0.08 1.12±0.10
KOA作为危害中老年人生活质量发病率最高的骨关节疾病,日益受到学界重视,现阶段对于KOA治疗仍然是以缓解症状和改善关节功能为主。中医学认为本病属于骨痹范畴,《素问·痹论》骨痹者,多源于气血不足,寒湿之邪伤于骨髓,诚所谓“病在骨,骨重不可举,骨髓酸痛,寒气至,名曰骨痹。”笔者在中医学指导下,依据多年临床经验发现骨痹平时以气血不足、肝肾亏虚为主,发时往往以寒湿浸淫多见,应用当归四逆汤加减治疗KOA,疗效明显。本研究结果亦发现治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,加味当归四逆汤具有缓解关节疼痛、屈伸不利的效用。该方以当归甘温,养血和血;桂枝辛温,温经散寒,温通血脉,为君药。细辛温经散寒,助桂枝温通血脉;白芍养血和营,助当归补益营血,共为臣药。通草通经脉,以畅血行;大枣、甘草,益气健脾养血,共为佐药。重用大枣,既合归、芍以补营血,又防桂枝、细辛燥烈大过,伤及阴血。甘草兼调药性而为使药。佐以牛膝、杜仲补肾壮骨,引经下行,全方温阳与散寒并用,养血与通脉兼施,温而不燥,补而不滞,共奏温经散寒、养血通脉之效。
GDF-5, 又 称 骨 形 态 发 生 蛋 白(Bone Morphogenetic Protein,BMP)14或软骨衍生蛋白1,作为胚胎发育、细胞分化、机体软骨形成、骨骼发育等的重要调节因子而倍受重视[10~11]。GDF-5隶属转化生长因子 β(Transforming Growth Factor-β,TGF-β)家族,TGF-β家族是一类具有保守结构的二聚体蛋白,含近30个分泌信号分子,已发现9个亚族,另有BMP-2亚族、BMP-5亚族、Vg1亚族、BMP-3亚族、中间成员、活性素亚族、TGF-β亚族和“远房”成员等,共27类因子[12]。GDF-5表达主要集中在胚胎软骨间充质细胞聚集区、长骨发育的软骨核以及即将形成关节的区域。在软骨发育初期,GDF-5分泌于肢体骨间质区从而募集软骨前体细胞并促进其分化,之后GDF-5在即将形成关节的区域表达[13~14]。研究发现,GDF-5在脂肪间充质干细胞分化为骨细胞的实验中,可能通过显著地上调血管内皮生长因子的基因表达,而刺激骨的形成,提示GDF-5上调VEGF在骨再生方面的作用是肯定的[15~16]。本研究结果发现,治疗前KOA患者血清GDF-5及VEGF表达下降,治疗后KOA患者血清GDF-5及VEGF表达上升,该变化与KOA患者症状改善其同。
综上所述,加味当归四逆汤可能通过上调GDF-5及VEGF表达,发挥缓解KOA的效用。
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Clinical Study on Modified Dangguisini Decoction Treated with KOA on Regulating Articular Cartilage Formation by Growth Differentiation Factor-5
WEI Guo-yu1,CHEN Qing-xiong1,TANG Yong-liang1,LI Yu-wei2
(1The TCM Hospital in Guiping City,Guiping5372002;2Hongyu Biological Company of Guangzhou,Guangzhou510003)
Objective:The mechanism and clinical effect of modified Dangguisini decoction treated with knee osteoarthritis was investigated by observing the expression of GDF-5,VEGF and clinical symptom scoring changes.Methods:It was a randomized controlled trial.62 Cases of KOA who conformed to the diagnostic criteria,inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria,and randomly divided into two groups according to 1:1 based on treatment sequence.The intervention group was administrated with modified Dangguisini decoction,and control group was gave Xianlinggubao capsule.The clinical symptom scoring changes in detail were recorded before and after treatment for 2 weeks and 4 weeks.The expression of GDF-5 and VEGF were detected by Real-time PCR before and after the treatment.Results:The total curative effect in intervention group:10 cases were cured,7 cases had marked effect,12 cases were effective and 2 cases were ineffective,the total effective rate was 93.54%.However,the effect rate in Control group:6 cases were clinical cure,5 cases had marked effect,8 cases were effective and 12 cases were ineffective,the total effective rate was 61.29%.There was a significant difference between the two group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in clinical symptoms scoring between two groups.After 2 weeks treatment,the arthralgia and morning stiffness in intervention group were obviously alleviate,the joint function recovered partially.After 4 weeks treatment,joint pain significantly reduced,morning stiffness and joint motion disappeared.By comparing,there were obvious differences(P<0.05).Before the treatment,the expression of GDF-5,VEGF in both groups were lower;but they were the increment after treatment.By comparison,there was statistical difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:Modified Dangguisini decoction exerts a distinct effect on improving symptoms of KOA by enhancing the expression of GDF-5 and VEGF.It is worthy of popularization and application.
Knee osteoarthritis;GDF-5;VEGF;Modified Dangguisini decoction
R684.3
Bdoi:10.13638/j.issn.1671-4040.2016.07.008
2016-05-12)