○陆琰
巧用文本资源,让语篇教学趣、实、活
○陆琰
●小学英语教材文本资源丰富,运用语篇教学来处理教材文本,可以帮助学生获取文本信息,再现文本情景,让学生在语境中实现语用体验,做到真正意义上的语言建构。
在小学英语教材中,文本资源丰富,教师要合理挖掘、巧妙运用文本资源,让学生在趣味中走入文本,在教师引领的话题主线中理解文本,在真实语境中活用文本,做到真正意义上的语言建构。本文以Whose dress is this?(Story time)为例,谈谈如何巧用文本资源,实现小学英语语篇教学的趣、实、活。
良好的开端是成功的一半。如果在语篇教学的Pre-reading导入环节趣味性地开篇导入,不仅能丰富文本资源,还能很好地抓住学生的心弦,使课堂教学更具艺术性。如本课的Story time是围绕Su Hai和Su Yang试穿不同的衣服准备去参加化装舞会的故事来学习服饰类单词以及使用Whose进行提问。在导入环节,我们可以巧用文本资源,让文本导入有趣味,更与众不同。
T:Hi,class.Let’s enjoy a short video.OK?
Ss:OK.(Watch the video:Look at me!)
T:Who’s the girl?
Ss:She’s Yang Ling.
T:Yes,she’s our friend,Yang Ling.She’s so beautiful now.Where is she going?Can you guess?Maybe she is going to...
S1:Maybe she is going to a party.
S2:Maybe she is going to Su Hai’s new home.
T:Great!Let’s listen!Who is right?(录音内容:Hi,friends!I will go to Mike’s home.I want to go to a party.)Oh,yes.She wants to go to a party.
在本课的导入环节,教师有效挖掘文本资源,引入了三年级上册第五单元Look at me中Story time动画。学生通过观看动画,不仅重温了已学的服饰类单词T-shirt/skirt/cap,还根据老师巧设的疑问“Yang Ling穿得那么漂亮要去哪呢?”大胆猜测,进而直奔主题场景“Party”。这种迁移旧知、导入新课的趣味开篇必定能使学生的学习更加系统,更有利于学生对新文本的理解。
While-reading是阅读教学的核心,理解文本内容是语篇教学的主要目标之一。语篇中信息众多,如何理清脉络,梳理文本呢?关键在于依据话题抓住一条主线。
1.预测信息,整体感知。
T:The party is so funny.Do you want to go there?
S:Yes.
T:What do we need for the party?
S:...
(适时教授服饰类新单词:a coat,a dress,a shirt,a sweater,gloves,jeans,trousers)
T:We have enough clothes to dress up.Let’s go to the party now.Look,our friends are coming.
(1)Look and guess
(呈现课件中故事人物及场景)
Can you guess!What clothes are they talking about?
S1:Dress.
……
(2)Watch and check
T:Now let’s watch the cartoon and check your answers.
(学生观看录像,校对答案。)
2.梳理文本,理清思路。
本课Story time板块的语篇内容很零碎,不仅人物众多,人物的服饰还不断变化,除此之外,还得掌握too short/too long/so big/so beautiful等形容词。这时,教师就需要巧妙梳理文本素材,理清思路。
Before the party
(1)Listen and answer
T:What clothes are Su Hai and Su Yang talking about?
Ss:Dress and trousers.
(2)Read and choose
T:What does Su Hai try at first?
What does Su Yang try at first?
(Ss read the passage and choose the answers.)
(3)Read and answer
T:Why don’t choose another?
S1:The blue dress is too short.
S2:The brown trousers are too long.
T:What does Su Yang/Su Hai say?
Try this./Try these.
(4)Let’s imitate Picture1-3.注意重读At the party
(1)Look and answer
T:Who’s at the party?
Who wears the white gloves?
Who wears the blue dress?
(2)Read and underline
T:How are the white gloves?/How is the blue dress?
(3)Read and answer
T:Whose gloves are these?/Whose dress is this?
(4)Let’s imitate Picture4-6.边听边做记号(升降调及重读)
(5)Read in groups
插图是文本资源的一部分,是课文的有机组成部分。现行的英语教材,图文并茂,几乎每个语篇故事都配有色彩鲜明、生动活泼的插图。在读中借助插图,可以帮助学生有效地理解语篇内容,加快提取信息的速度,抓住语篇的关键信息,为学生理解文本内容提供有效的途径。
教师在Post-reading拓展环节,应从语言使用的角度出发,创设与导入环节相呼应的语言真实情境,让学生在新的语言环境中合理归纳并灵活运用新学知识,才能充分锻炼学生运用所学语言知识解决实际问题的能力。
1.故事表演,复现知识。
T:Let’s join the party.
(全班同学换装并加入活动中)
Look at my...
It’s/They’re so/too...
Whose...is this/are these?
It’s/They’re...’s.
教师用PPT创设化装舞会情境,学生利用带来的服饰道具在情境中欢快地、用真实有意义的语言进行交流,在连续的表演中提高了本课时新知和旧知的复现率,从而真正提高学生综合运用语言的能力,达到真正“用英语做事情”的目的。
2.故事延伸,首尾呼应。
After the party
T:Yang Ling has a good day.Now,she wants to write the diary about the fancy dress party.Can you help her?
(Ss help Yang Ling write the diary.)
从文本教学中的Before the party和At the party两个场景,再到自创情境After the party,是文本资源的拓展和延伸。本课的教学设计始终贯穿一条主线,同时以日记的方式,让学生进行书面表达,从而使教学从文本走向生活。
“趣、实、活”是小学英语语篇教学的生命线,作为教者,为了让学生真正地走进文本,与文本零距离的接触,就要学会做一个智者,合理挖掘、巧妙运用文本资源,让学生在趣味中走入文本,在教师引领的话题主线中理解文本,在真实语境中活用文本。