民用飞机驾驶舱人机工效综合评估理论与方法研究年度报告

傅山　王黎静　黄丹

摘要：本研究围绕“人在环复杂系统的控制问题”这一核心科学问题，从人机不同形式智能体融合及其相互影响机理入手，构建复杂智能系统的数学模型并通过科学的实验及观测方法对模型进行验证，最终确定用于民机驾驶舱人机工效评价的指标体系和综合评价方法。本年度的主要研究进展从以下四个方面展开： 1.基于人在环复杂系统的人机耦合策略模型。从通过信息感知、信息分析和决策以及操控策略执行三个模块的具体设计与实现来完成人-机-环境复杂系统模型对于飞行员系统模型的设计要求，构成了飞行员系统模型的设计与实现，最终形成了基于规则的人机耦合策略模型。在此基础上，融入人为因素影响因子体系，深化飞行员与飞机系统及飞行环境系统的交互从而将人为因素的研究具体化到-机-环境系统仿真中的每一个环节中去。 2.多维驾驶舱人机工效综合评价体系。通过构建具有模块化分布式构架的机组工作量测量与评估仿真实验平台，进行了机组工作量测量的行为与生理参数集成采集，以复杂系统理论为依据，构建分层次多维度人机工效综合评价指标体系，可以清晰的体现出飞行员在飞行任务中各个时刻在各方面的表现，可以对飞行绩效的降低提供具有诊断性的结果，为驾驶舱设计提供参考。 3.认知行为信号处理与模式识别。以驾驶舱设计为背景和出发点，通过对驾驶舱设计理念和布局规则的深入理解，针对认知过程产生的生理信号与状态量，结合人因学理论以及特定的飞行操控，将飞行员的肌电信号特征作为研究对象，通过信号的分解、相关性分析、选择、组合四个过程，提出基于EEMD 和Hilbert 变换的动态疲劳评价方法。结果显示基于平均瞬时频率的疲劳指标能有效的表征动态肌电信号的疲劳趋势。方法可以推广形成一系列行之有效的信号处理体系，最终为驾驶舱的设计提供指导或参考，以及为驾驶舱适航符合性验证提供帮助。 4.机组工作负荷综合评价体系与预测模型。通过对机组工作负荷影响因素研究，建立时间压力对工作负荷的影响模型。确定了时间压力0.8为工作负荷“redline”，为机组工作负荷预测模型中的时间线分析的临界负荷值确定提供了理论基础。在此基础上，通过感知任务、认知认务、单任务、双任务、多任务操作实验，确定它们之间的关系模型，为机组工作负荷预测模型中的负荷计算部分奠定实验数据理论基础。

关键词：人机工效；复杂系统；人机耦合策略模型；多维评价模型；经验模态分解；希尔伯特黄变换

Abstract：The project aims at building a mathematical model for complex intelligent systems to integrate pilot and automatic flying system. It will also lead to the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation techniques and systematic methods for the ergonomics in the civil aircraft flight deck. The main progress during this year is described in the following four aspects： 1.Human-machine coupling strategy model based on man-in-loop complex systems. The specific design and implementation， through information awareness， information analysis and decision-making， and implementation of control strategies， accomplished the requirements of the complex man-machine-environment model on the pilot system model， which constituted a model for design and implementation of the pilot system， and ultimately formed a human-machine coupled rule-based strategy model. In addition， the integration of human factors is also incorporated for a more completed man-machine-environment system simulation. 2.Multidimensional cockpit ergonomics evaluation system. By building a simulation platform for crew workload measurement and evaluation with modular distributed architecture， integrated collection for behavior and physiological parameters of crew workload measurement were implemented. Based on the complex system theory， a hierarchical multidimensional comprehensive evaluation index system for ergonomics was built to provide diagnostic results to the reduction of flight performance. It also set a reference for the cockpit design. 3.Signal processing and pattern recognition for cognitive behavior. The pilot EMG signal characteristics were taken as the research object aiming at the physiological signal and states during the cognitive processes. A dynamic fatigue evaluation method based on the EEMD and Hilbert transformation was proposed. The results showed that the fatigue index based on the average instantaneous frequency can effectively characterize the fatigue trend of the dynamic EMG signal. 4.Comprehensive evaluation system and forecasting model for the crew workload. Through the study of the influencing factors on the crew workload， an impact model of the time pressure on the workload was established. Furthermore， operation experiments of perception task， cognitive task， single task， dual-task， and multi-task， the relationship model between them was determined， and theoretical basis of experimental data for the load calculation part in the forecasting model of crew workload was laid.

Keywords：Ergonomics； Complex Systems；Human-machine coupled modeling； Multi-dimension Evaluation Model； Empirical