李雪
【摘要】:文化的不可译性是翻译中的一大难题,而为了更好得传达原文,译者通常需要采用各种翻译技巧,以求尽量达到忠实翻译的目的。在这些翻译技巧中,增译是十分常用的一种,然而此种技巧的运用效果却不尽如人意。《干校六记》是杨绛先生以平实朴素的笔触写出的散文。本文以章楚和葛浩文两位翻译家的英译本为例,分析了二者在翻译过程中增译的使用。
【关键词】:增译;干校六记
【Abstract】:Cultural untranslatability is a big issue for translation.In order to make the translation accurately, several translation skills are necessarily used. Among those skills, amplification is a very common one, however, it can not always be used correctly.”A Cadre School Life” is a famous essay of Yang Jiang and its language is plain, simple. This paper takes Djang Chus and Howard Goldblatts translations as examples to study the amplification in them.
【Key words】: amplification;A Cadre School Life
1、引言
英汉两种语言是不同文化的产物,存在着巨大的差异,翻译时很难做到字词上的完全一一对应。为了忠实地表达原作的意思与风格并合乎表达习惯,常要运用多种翻译技巧,其中最常见的即增译和减译。杨绛先生的散文集《干校六记》有章楚,葛浩文和白杰明先后翻译的三个英译本。通过比较可知,葛浩文译语最为自然、流畅,而章楚的译文更为平实易懂。本文以章译本和葛译本为例,就其在翻译中采用的增译进行对比分析。
2、译例分析
英语和汉语来源于完全不同的文化背景,二者的词汇、语法结构和思维方式等方面大有不同,“表达方式不同,词的社会历史含义不同,唤起的联想不同,积词成句、积句成章的规律不同”(翁显良)以下几例通过对比原文译文,浅谈笔者对于增译一事的认识与思考。
例1:候车室里,闹哄哄、乱嚷嚷人来人往;先遣隊的领队人忙乱得只恨分身无术,而随身行李太多的,只恨少生了几百双手。
章译:The leader of the vanguard group dashed around like a chicken with its head cut off, and seemed to wish he could be in several places at once.
葛译: The leaders of the advance party were so busy that they wished they could be twins, and the people who had too many bags to carry would have given anything to be blessed with extra pairs of hands.
章译本在下划线处进行的增译增强了对忙乱地表达效果,但翻译一讲“信”字,即准确忠实原文,译者为创作而译却是不妥。相比较,葛译本虽无章译本生动,却也完成对“忙”的表现。
例2:我们等待着下干校改造,没有心情理会什么离愁别恨,也没有闲暇去品尝那“别是一般”的“滋味”。
章译:While we were waiting to be “sent down” to the cadre schools to remold ourselves, we did not have the inclination to savor that “peculiar, melancholy sentiment of departure”celebrated in a poem by the Emperor of the Southern Tang dynasty.
葛译:As we awaited our turn to begin our “remolding” at the cadre school, we were in no mood to savor that “other kind of flavor.”
章译本在文中直接解释,既表达了词句的意义,又解释了诗句引用;葛译本在脚注中对诗句来源进行解释。相比较,章译本在译文角度来看显得赘余。
例3:我记得那时候天气已经由寒转暖而转热。
章译:I remembered that is was the time of the year when cold morning weather would suddenly turn warm and then hot at noon.
葛译:The weather had just then turned hot,...
章译本所表意义似乎无误,清楚解释了当时正处在一年之中早上冷中午热的气候,然而难免显得赘余;而葛译本则用简明的语言,确切地表现出了气温刚刚由冷转热的情况。两者相比较,高下立现。章译本试图详尽地表达当时所处的时间,但是反而给读者的理解上造成了影响。
以上三例反映了多种增译效果与类型:一、为帮助目的语读者有效的理解原文而不得不采用的增译;二、译者为增强效果实则画蛇添足的增译;三、帮助读者理解但实为可舍弃的增译。
3、小结與体会
为准确传达原文,增译是一种必要的翻译技巧。但不等于随意增加内容,根据主观判断对解读原文,或是以主观看法为出发点肆意创作。译者准确理解原文,有的放矢,有限度地进行增译,帮助读者理解原作的内容、风格、文化等,才是增译的目的所在。
参考文献:
[1] Djang, Chu. Six Chapters o f Life in a Cadre School [T].Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1986.
[2] Goldblatt, Howard. Six Chapters o f My Life Downunder [T]. Seattle: University of Washington Press; HongKong: Chinese University Press,1984.
[3]高楠. 汉译英中的文化增译 [J]. 校园英语. 2014(26)
[4]翁显良.情信与词达——谈汉诗英译的若干问题 [J].外国语,1980.
[5]杨绛.干校六记 [M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1981.