不饱和烃高效转化中的前沿科学问题研究立项报告

2016-05-30 02:00杜海峰
科技资讯 2016年20期
关键词:环境友好理论研究

杜海峰

摘 要:不饱和烃化合物(包括烯烃、炔烃和芳烃等)是石油化工以及煤化工中的大宗重要产品,是国民经济的重要物质基础和我国可持续发展不可或缺的物质资源。从科学发展角度看,不饱和烃的物质转化极大地推动了人类物质文明的进步,一直是新物质创造科学研究的前沿和核心。《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》明确提出“新物质的创造和转化、绿色化学”等物质转化问题是我国基础科学研究的重要内容之一,而面向原子经济和环境友好的不饱和烃的高效转化则是该领域中最具挑战性的课题之一。目前化学工业面临着效率低、工艺冗长、污染大、资源浪费亟待解决的重大问题。在当前我国政府倡导的低碳经济和可持续发展的形势下,有效利用不饱和烃资源,开展原子经济性的不饱和烃高效转化的前沿科学基础研究已经刻不容缓,从科学研究观点看,是面向我国化学工业可持续发展的源头创新;从环境友好观点看,是从源头上消除污染,为我国现阶段大宗化学工业产品下游产业绿色化的必要技术支撑;从经济发展观点看,是综合利用资源、降低生产成本、发展创制高附加值产品经济的推动力,符合可持续发展的要求。结合当前化学学科的发展趋势和国民经济的重大战略需求,该项目重点解决如何实现不饱和烃转化中的高效性、原子经济性等关键科学问题,包括:(1)温和条件下不饱和烃化学键的高效、高选择性切断与重组;(2)不饱和烃高效转化中催化剂的结构创新和运用创新;(3)不饱和烃多组分反应中催化剂的兼容性、底物的匹配性和催化剂与底物的作用模式;(4)绿色介质中不饱和烃高效转化的催化剂匹配性以及绿色介质对反应效率和催化反应机理的影响规律;(5)不饱和烃高效转化中的反应历程以及分子间弱相互作用对其的影响规律。针对以上关键科学问题,拟设置如下4个课题:(1)原子经济性的不饱和烃高效转化新反应研究;(2)不饱和烃高效转化中的新催化体系研究;(3)环境友好和实用的不饱和烃高效转化新方法研究;(4)不饱和烃高效转化中的多尺度理论研究。针对上述研究内容,将围绕不饱和烃高效转化中原子经济性和环境友好等重要科学问题开展工作,通过探索不饱和烃化学键高效、高选择性切断与重组的科学规律,发现具有原子经济性的新反应,发现与发展用于不饱和烃高效转化的催化剂新体系,同时利用多尺度的理论研究揭示不饱和烃官能化反应的一些基本规律,指导催化剂和不饱和烃转化反应的发现和优化;在此基础上,发展若干环境友好和实用性的不饱和烃高效转化反应新方法。

关键词:不饱和烃 原子经济性 环境友好 高效转化 理论研究

Abstract: Unsaturated hydrocarbons are important bulk products of petroleum and coal chemical industry, the crucial foundation of national economy, and essential natural resources for the sustainable development of our country. “National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan” clearly puts forward that “new material creation and transformation” and “green chemistry” are the important subjects of our basic research, the high efficient unsaturated hydrocarbon transformation with atom economy and environmental benign is one of the most challenging subjects. At present, the chemical industry faces a series of serious problems such as low efficiency, tedious technology, heavy pollution, and resource waste. Under the situation of “low carbon economy” and “sustainable development” initiated by our government, efficient usages of unsaturated hydrocarbon resource, and frontier basic research on the atom economy and highly efficient transformation of unsaturated hydrocarbons are of great urgency. Echoing the trends of chemical science and to meet the national strategic needs, this project focuses on fundamental, yet extremely important transformations of unsaturated hydrocarbons and intends to solve unaddressed issues and to achieve unmet goals in this leading area, include: facile bond scission and reorganization with high efficiency and selectivity; de novo design of catalysts and their application; the judicious selection of catalyst and reaction substrates in atomic economic multi-component reactions; media effect on reaction efficiency and mechanism; underlying principles and theory in the reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons. With high efficiency and atomic economy as our guiding principle, this project plans to address the above issues according to the following four aspects:(1) Development and discovery of new reactions;(2) De novo design of new catalysts;(3) Develop and invent environmentally benign and sustainable synthetic methodology;(4) Multi-dimensional theoretical study This project would provide new reactions and new catalysts for the fundamental and important transformations of unsaturated hydrocarbons and disclose the associated underlying principles that would in return guide the rational design of catalyst and reaction. Eventually, these would set the basis for developing real world technologies associated with industrial applications of hydrocarbons and their high-value products.

Key Words: Unsaturated hydrocarbon; Atom economy; Environmental benign; High efficient transformation; Theoretical study

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