产油细菌中的中性酯储存机制研究

丁云峰 杭海英 刘平生 叶琛

摘 要：传统化石燃料的日渐枯竭迫使我们寻找新型可再生清洁能源。与此同时，随着大气中二氧化碳的浓度的日益升高，温室效应越来越严重。人工构建以阳光为能源、以二氧化碳为原料合成高能源物质长链脂质的光合产油菌可以同时解决这两个问题。自然界已存在多种光合菌，这些光合菌虽然能够利用太阳光能固定二氧化碳产烃和产脂肪酸，但产率较低。其中一个关键原因是这些光合菌缺乏有效的脂质储存机制。首先要研究清楚产油细菌中的中性酯储存机制，发现构建光合菌的基本元件，然后构建和优化光合产油菌。这里我们选取浊红球菌Rhodococcus opacus PD630为模式生物进行相关研究。（1）完成了一株高效产油菌的基因组测序工作，并使用比较基因组学等生物信息学技术比较了其转录组和蛋白组，找到与脂滴形成的关键蛋白。（2）利用生物化学、分子生物学和信息生物学等多学科交叉方法，寻找并分析研究对脂滴形成和动态变化的关键蛋白，例如目前正在研究的SNARE样蛋白和Dynamin样蛋白等。（3）将脂滴形成或脂质代谢相关的目标基因整合至光合蓝细菌中。（4）利用Rhodococcus sp.RHA1强大的降解能力有效清除污染物，并将这些污染物转化为甘油三酯作为生物柴油的原料。

关键词：生物能源 光合产油菌 脂滴

Abstract： We have an urgent need to find regeneration clean energy for the reason of disappearing fossil energy. In the meanwhile， the warm effect became more and more severe because of the increasing CO2 concentration. Constructing a super bacterium that can use sun energy and consuming CO2 can solve these two problems. Although there are many cyanobacteria present in nature， they have very low efficient to convert CO2 to fatty acid. One of the problem is they do not have efficient ability to storage neutral lipid. Thus， we firstly need to investigate the mechanism of neutral lipid storage in oleaginous bacteria， and find the key proteins in this pathway before constructing super bacteria. Here， we select Rhodococcus opacus PD630 as a model system to investigate the neutral lipid storage mechanism.（1）We have sequenced a strain of oleaginous bacterium， and find the key proteins for lipid droplet formation through comparative genomics， transcriptomics， and proteomics. （2）We have fund key proteins involved in lipid droplet formation and dynamic changes， such as SNARE like proteins and Dynamin like proteins using biochemistry， molecular biology， as well as bioinformatics. （3）We are exploring the efficient method to insert lipid metabolism related genes in to cynanobacteria. （4）We have successfully convert the contaminants into neutral lipid using the powerful ability of Rhodococcus sp. RHA1.

Key Words：Biofuel； Oleaginous cyanobacteria； Lipid droplets

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