黄湘
高考英语全国卷书面表达多为书信类写作,因此该类题型是备考的重点。信的开头和结尾非常重要。在快速阅卷的情况下,开头和结尾是评卷老师必读的部分,很有可能影响评卷老师对全文的评分,因此建议考生根据书信类常见话题,背诵开头和结尾的相关句型,避免语法错误,在考场上碰到类似话题时便可得心应手。
书信开头语
书信类文章通常开篇写明写信目的,可用的句型是Im writing to do sth.,然后结合话题背诵句型。如:
1. 建议信:Im writing to give you some suggestions / advice on sth.
2. 咨询信:Im writing to ask you about sth.
3. 邀请信:Im writing to invite sb. to sth. / invite sb. to do sth.
4. 求助信:Im writing to ask you to do me a favour to do sth./ lend me a helping hand to do sth.
5. 求职信:Im writing to apply for sth.
6. 投诉信:Im writing to complain about sth./ make a complaint about sth.
7. 道歉信:Im writing to apologize to sb. for sth. / make an apology to sb. for sth.
8. 感谢信:Im writing to show / convey my sincere gratitude to sb. for sth.
9. 祝福信:Im writing to send my best wishes to you for sth.
10. 祝贺信:Im writing to congratulate sb. on sth.
书信结尾语
在总结各地模拟题后,笔者发现书信类结尾通常可以分为三大类,以下句型供参考。
1. 提出希望和期盼(希望采纳意见、给予帮助、收到回复等)
I would appreciate it if you could take my advice / application into consideration / account.
I sincerely hope that my suggestions will be of some help to you.
I am much too grateful if you can offer me timely help.
Im looking forward to your early reply.
2. 表示感谢
I am more than grateful if you can offer me further information.
Again, I would like to show my sincere gratitude to you.
My gratitude to you is beyond words.
No words can express my gratitude for your great effort.
Your prompt attention will be highly appreciated.
3. 表示祝福(使用wish sb. +adj. / n.的句型)
Wish you happiness and greater success in years to come.
Wish you happy, healthy and successful in your career.
Wish you safe and sound on the journey back to your country.
2016年全国I卷书面表达开篇可以选用“求助信”的模板,写成:Im writing to ask you to do me a favor to modify my application letter and resume. 而结尾可借用“表示感谢”的模板,写成:I am more than grateful if you can offer me timely help.
注意事项
写好书信的开头和结尾,还要注意:
1. 考虑是否增加开头或结尾,增加的开头和结尾只能略写。
不略写,会喧宾夺主,甚至导致答卷上写作空间不足,无法完成规定的写作内容。书信类应用文,一般在首段写明写信目的,也起到统领全文以及避免走题的作用。就算题目没有明确指出要写写信目的,也建议用一句话简要概括。2016年广州调研考试“写信竞票《灰姑娘》舞台剧”,尽管写作要求第一点是“你得知赠票信息的途径”,而不是直接要求写写信目的,但依然建议开篇简短写出写信目的,这样才能使书信完整、连贯。首句可写成:Im writing to apply for free tickets to the new Cinderella musical advertised on your website. 2011年至2014年全国卷书面表达都不可以直接以题目给出的第一个写作要点作为开篇第一句,均需要考生根据情景提炼写信目的,自行增加书信的开头。以下句中划线部分表示根据情景额外增加的写信目的,括号内为该年题目给出的第一个写作要点。
My name is Li Hua and Im writing to report some of my problems in the course of Business English and meanwhile make a reservation with the Learning Center for consultation.(2011年全国卷I——本人简介)
I am Li Hua and Im writing to apply for admission to the summer camp in Singapore.(2012年全国卷I——自我介绍,包括英语能力)
My uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference and Im writing to ask whether you are kind enough to do me a favour.(2013年新课标I——李明:高个子,戴眼镜)
I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. Having seen your ad, Im wrting to ask for more information about your six-week English course.(2014年新课标I——写作要点是一则广告)
关于结尾部分,书信写作一般根据情景使用一些客套性的语句,委婉地结尾。若题目给出的最后一个写作点不能作为书信的客套性结尾,考生可以结合书信开头以及常识,自行联想增加书信的结尾。例如,建议信的结尾通常是期待接纳意见,咨询信和求助信的结尾通常是希望得到回复和帮助,申请信和求职信的结尾通常表达“申请获批准”的愿望,感谢信的结尾可以再次表示感谢等等。
以2016年广州一模“咨询笔友寒假生活”为例,写作内容的最后一点是询问英国学生的寒假生活,建议不要询问后唐突结尾。考虑到书信表达的得体性,可在写完“咨询”后额外增加一句“感谢”作为全文结尾,写成:I wonder how long the holiday in Britain lasts. How do British students spend their vacation? I would appreciate it if you could share with me the information.
2016年广州二模也同样如此,写作点最后一个内容是“回复信中提出的问题”,建议回复问题额外增加一句作为结尾。如:I hope the advice will be of help and look forward to your arrival.
2. 合理判断开头和结尾的详略。
如2016年广州一模,题目给出的第一个写作点是“写信的原因”,既然这是题目给出的要求,所以有别于额外增加的开头,建议详细点写成从句:Since Im doing a survey on how British and Chinese students spend their winter holidays, Im writing to ask for more information. 举例——结尾给出的写作点已经可以作为结尾。
3. 要学会灵活变通。
如果题目给出的开头或结语已经包含了写信目的和客套委婉的结尾,这时就不可以画蛇添足,再作重复了。2015年全国卷,题目已给出开头语“Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.”这句已是写信目的,考生就不必重复写信目的了。
英语作文的提高离不开每天的积累。在备考阶段,考生要坚定信心,科学备考。学生要有意识地整理写过的每一篇作文,以备日后翻看查阅,避免犯同样的错误。同时,适当背诵范文和范文里面的好词好句,揣摩应对不同命题的写作方法,关注每一篇范文的开头和结尾的写法,并整理相同、相似的话题,分门别类以便记忆。
责任编辑 蒋小青