叶惠平,易烛光,龚正鹏
(1.贵州医科大学附属白云医院耳鼻咽喉科,贵州贵阳 550004; 2.贵州医科大学附院耳鼻咽喉科,贵州贵阳 550004; 3.贵州省人民医院耳鼻咽喉科,贵州贵阳 550001)
头颈鳞癌靶向放射治疗敏感性lncRNA的初步筛选**?
叶惠平1,2,易烛光3,龚正鹏1,2
(1.贵州医科大学附属白云医院耳鼻咽喉科,贵州贵阳550004; 2.贵州医科大学附院耳鼻咽喉科,贵州贵阳550004; 3.贵州省人民医院耳鼻咽喉科,贵州贵阳550001)
[摘要]目的:初步探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)在研究头颈鳞癌(HNSCC)放疗中的作用。方法:将HNSCC-SCCⅦ细胞分为对照组(不予放疗)和实验组(予放疗干预),应用芯片技术,筛选出放疗干预后HNSCCSCCⅦ细胞中差异表达的lncRNA及mRNA,通过Cis和Trans法对靶基因进行预测,应用DAVID软件进行KEGG通路筛选,得到对应的靶基因富集的KEGG通路包括肿瘤相关通路、Wnt信号通路及轴突导向通路,分析这3条通路上对应的靶基因,并找到与这些靶基因对应的lncRNA。结果:筛选出1 280条放疗差异表达的lncRNA,对照组相对实验组高表达5倍以上的共15条,低表达5倍以上的共8条;筛选发现表达差异的mRNA有1 087条,对照组相对实验组高表达的528条,对照组相对实验组低表达559条; KEGG通路信息分析lncRNA对应的靶基因富集于肿瘤相关通路、Wnt信号通路和轴突导向通路; Wnt信号通路中靶基因PRKCA和STAT5B对应的lncRNA与mRNA是共表达的,对应的16203-3lncRNA在对照组的表达为实验组的3.176倍(P<0.05),对应的31238-3lncRNA在实验组中的表达量为对照组中的2.037倍(P<0.05)。结论: PRKCA和STAT5B可能是控制HNSCC放疗反应敏感性的靶基因,对应的16203-3lncRNA和31238-3lncRNA可作为调控HNSCC放疗敏感性的候选lncRNA。
[关键词]RNA,肿瘤;芯片;头颈部肿瘤; KEGG通路;放疗
网络出版时间: 2016-02-23网络出版地址: http: / /www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.5012.R.20160223.1839.008.html
头颈鳞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)是世界第6大恶性肿瘤,全球每年新增大概645 000病例[1]。放疗是HNSCC的主要治疗手段之一[2-3],52%的HNSCC患者在抗肿瘤治疗过程中至少接受过1次放疗[4],但临床疗效却没有明显的提高,其主要原因是HNSCC具有放疗抵抗性。如何提高它的放疗敏感性,最大程度的杀伤肿瘤细胞,是HNSCC治疗研究中的重点。非编码RNA是近年备受关注的一类在细胞发育、分化和代谢等多个生物学过程发挥重要调控作用的分子,包括miRNA、siRNA等为代表的短小RNA和长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)[5]。越来越多的证据表明,lncRNA和恶性肿瘤的发生有密切的关系,恶性肿瘤往往存在异常lncRNA表达谱,失调的lncRNA可通过多种途径调节DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重构和作为miRNA的前体。lncRNA在HNSCC的异常表达与肿瘤抵抗放疗关系的研究尚未见报道。本研究应用lncRNA芯片寻找HNSCC放疗相关的lncRNA,为研究候选lncRNA奠定基础。
1.1材料
HNSCC-SCCⅦ细胞株由四川大学华西医学院生物工程国家重点实验室惠赠,采用RPMI1640培养基培养。取对数生长期HNSCC-SCCⅦ细胞悬液接种于6孔板,每孔2×103个,培养箱中培养24 h后分为2组。(1)对照组,不予放疗; (2)实验组,给予6 MV X线4 Gy照射,剂量率200 cGy/min,距靶源100 cm。
1.2总RNA提取及芯片杂交
放疗结束24 h后,采用TRIZOL试剂根据其标准操作流程抽提2组样品的总RNA,所得总RNA 经Agilent 2 100电泳质检合格后,纯化提取mRNA。按照Agilent表达谱芯片配套提供的杂交标准流程和配套试剂盒,在滚动杂交炉中65℃、10 r/min滚动杂交17 h,杂交cRNA上样量1.65 μg,并在洗缸中洗片,洗片所用试剂为基因表达洗涤缓冲液试剂盒。完成杂交的芯片采用Agilent微阵列扫描仪扫描,用Feature Extraction software 10.7读取数据。
1.3数据分析及处理
采用Gene Spring Software 11.0进行归一化处理,据倍数差异计算筛选差异lncRNA。通过基因组注释的lncRNA及编码基因的位置关联鉴定lncRNA上下游10k可能的靶基因,进行Cis作用预测。根据lncRNA的序列与靶基因3’-UTR序列上的相关性,进行Trans作用预测可能的靶基因。采用DAVID软件分别对筛选后的差异lncRNA对应的cis和trans靶基因进行KEGG数据库做通路分析,通过P<0.05的筛选,得到目标lncRNA。
2.1差异lncRNA筛选
通过初步筛选及进一步数据挖掘,得到表达差异的lncRNA共1,280条,其中对照组相对实验组高表达的lncRNA885条,对照组相对实验组低表达的lncRNA395条。高表达5倍以上的共15条,低表达5倍以上的共8条,见表1。SEQ-ID为14201-1的lncRNA在对照组的表达量为实验组的14.761倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),SEQID为32013-1的lncRNA在实验组中的表达量为对照组中的12.948倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过倍数差异计算筛选发现表达差异的mRNA有1,087条(倍数变化绝对值≥2),其中对照组相对实验组高表达的mRNA528条,对照组相对实验组低表达的mRNA559条。
表1 放射治疗差异性表达5倍以上的lncRNATab.1 More than 5 folds differential expression of targeted lncRNA
表2 放射治疗差异lncRNA与mRNA共表达靶基因Tab.2 The target gene of co-expressed lncRNA and mRNA
2.2 lncRNA靶基因预测KEGG-通路
对筛选后的差异lncRNA对应的cis和trans进行KEGG-通路分析,通过P<0.05的筛选,得到KEGG-通路结果,数据检索并筛选P<0.01选择出3条与肿瘤细胞放疗相关的最密切的通路:肿瘤相关通路基因所占比例最大,其次是轴突导向通路和Wnt信号通路。
2.3靶基因对应的lncRNA与mRNA共同表达
分析KEGG通路上对应的靶基因,找到对应的lncRNA及mRNA表达差异2倍以上的靶基因共筛选出2个,见表2。
HNSCC-SCCⅦ细胞株对射线具有抵抗性,是研究HNSCC放疗敏感性的重要实验对象[6]。本实验以HNSCC-SCCⅦ细胞作为研究对象,采用SBC小鼠lncRNA芯片,经Agilent激光共聚焦扫描仪对杂交、洗涤、染色实验后的芯片进行扫描得到原始信号值,进行归一化处理取得对照组和实验组的比较数值,筛选出放疗干预后HNSCC-SCCⅦ细胞中差异表达的lncRNA及mRNA,再通过Cis和Trans法对靶基因进行预测。由于大部分靶基因功能不明,实验借助信息学工具对其功能进行注解,预测出的靶基因列表,并通过DAVID软件的KEGG通路分析功能,通过P<0.05的筛选,得到KEGG通路结果。进一步对KEGG通路结果查询及数据分析,筛选得出对应的靶基因富集的通路包括:肿瘤相关通路、Wnt信号通路及轴突导向通路。分别分析肿瘤相关通路、Wnt信号通路及轴突导向通路上对应的靶基因,并找到与这些靶基因对应的lncRNA,结果显示差异表达谱中的lncRNA富集于肿瘤相关通路,这一结果提示,放射治疗后存活下来的细胞具有更强放疗抵抗性。本次研究还发现Wnt信号通路是具有富集意义的通路,Wnt信号转导通路是经典的放疗相关通路,该通路涉及Wnts、APC、axin和TCFs等肿瘤相关蛋白。有研究发现C0X-2通过Wnt通路促使细胞放疗抵抗,Wnt/βcatenin信号转导通路能够提高乳腺癌干细胞对于放射治疗的敏感性[7-8]。Kendziorra等[9]发现沉默Wnt转录因子TCF4能增加直肠癌细胞对于放射治疗的敏感性。通过对Wnt信号通路里的靶基因进行筛选,发现在Wnt信号通路中,PRKCA和STAT5B这2个靶基因对应的lncRNA与mRNA是共表达的,查询得出SEQ-ID为16203-3的lncRNA在对照组的表达量为实验组的3.176倍,差异有统计学意(P<0.05),SEQ-ID为31238-3的lncRNA在实验组中的表达量为对照组中的2.037倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
综上,本研究通过lncRNA芯片技术及对KEGG通路共同表达靶基因的分析,获得与特定生物学过程相关靶基因PRKCA、STAT5B及对应的lncRNA,为寻找HNSCC放疗敏感性的靶点lncRNA奠定了实验基础。
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(2015-10-20收稿,2015-12-30修回)
中文编辑:戚璐;英文编辑:刘华
A Preliminary Screening of lncRNA That Regulates the Radiosensitivity of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell
YE Huiping1,2,YI zhuguang3,GONG zhengpeng1,2
(1.Department of Otorhinolaryngology,the Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550004,Guizhou,China;
2.Department of Otorhinolaryngology,the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550004,Guizhou,China;
3.Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China)
[Abstract]Objective: To preliminarily explore the function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in radiotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).Methods: HNSCC-SCCⅦcell strains were divided into control group(no radiotherapy) and experimental group(radiotherapy intervention).Chip technology was adopted to screen out the lncRNA and mRNA of differential expression from HNSCC-SCCⅦcells after radiotherapy intervention.CIS and Trans methods were used to predict target gene.DAVID analyzing software were used for KEGG pathway screening.Then,the corresponding KEGG pathway with target gene enrichment was obtained,including tumor related pathway,Wnt signal pathway and axon guidance pathway.The corresponding target genes in the three pathway were analyzed and the lncRNAs corresponding to the target genes were found.Results: 1 280 differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened out from HNSCC-SCCⅦcell strains after radiotherapy intervention.Compared with experimental group,in control group there were totally 15 lncRNAs above 5 times high expression while there were 8 lncRNAs above 5 times low expression.There were 1 087 mRNAs of differential expression,of which there were 528 mRNAs relatively high expression in control group com-book=207,ebook=88pared with experimental group while there were 559 mRNAs relatively low expression in control group compared with experimental group.KEGG signal pathway analysis showed that the target genes corresponding to lncRNAs were enriched in tumor related pathway,Wnt signal pathway and axon guidance pathway.The lncRNAs and mRNAs corresponding to target gene PRKCA and STAT5B in Wnt signal pathway were co-expressed.The expression level of 16203-3 lncRNA in control group was 3.176 times as much as in experimental group while the expression level of 31238-3 lncRNA in experimental group was 2.037 times as much as in control group.Conclusion: PRKCA and STAT5B might be the sensitive target gene controling HNSCC radiotherapy reaction.The two lncRNA corresponding to them,16203-3 lncRNA and 31238-3 lncRNA can be taken as candidate lncRNA regulating the radiosensitivity.
[Key words]RNA,carcinoma; chip; head and neck carcinoma; KEGG pathway; radiotherapy
*[基金项目]贵州省科学技术基金[黔科合LG(2012-068)号]
[中图分类号]R73-36
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1000-2707(2016) 02-0206-03