蘑菇也如此多娇

By+Grace+Murano++申申然

Most people consider mushrooms to be the small， ugly cousins of the plant kingdom， but theirs is a surprisingly beautiful and wonderful world waiting to be explored. Enjoy this amazing journey into the world of mushrooms！

在大多数人看来，蘑菇又小又丑，只算植物王国的“表亲”。但其实，蘑菇的世界美丽精彩、令人惊叹，就等着世人去探索。以下这趟神奇的旅程将带你走进蘑菇的世界，尽情享受吧！

1. Sky Blue Mushroom

Sky Blue mushroom is a species of mushroom found in New Zealand and India. The small mushroom is a distinctive all-blue color， while the gills1） have a slight reddish tint2） from the spores3）. Sky Blue mushroom is not edible， but whether or not it is poisonous is unknown. This species was one of six native fungi4） featured in a set of fungal stamps issued in New Zealand in 2002. It is also seen on the reverse5） side of the $50 bank note， issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand in 1990.

2. Veiled Lady Mushroom

This delicate and strange mushroom can be found in gardens and woodlands in southern Asia， Africa， the Americas and Australia. This edible and rather healthful mushroom is used in Chinese cuisine. While the lacy6） skirt is what draws our eyes， the mushroom actually uses the cap7） to draw attention too. It is coated in a greenish-brown slime8） that contains spores—the slime attracts flies and insects that help disperse9） the spores.

3. Turkey Tail

Turkey Tail is a common mushroom found all over the world—though however common it might be， it is always beautiful. Its fan shape and layers of coloring resemble a turkey's tail. Colors can range depending on location and age， and the cap can be shades10） of rust-brown， dark brown， grey， and even black. Some older caps can appear green when they have a greenish algae11） growing on them. The Turkey Tail is considered a medicinal mushroom， and may possibly have positive benefits in protecting against cancer， though this is debated.

4. The Bleeding Tooth Fungus

Allow me to introduce to you one of the more unusual members of Kingdom Fungi， the Bleeding Tooth fungus， which has various names often referring to juice or blood. This fungus can be found in North America where it is more common in the Pacific Northwest and resides mostly in coniferous12） forests. The Bleeding Tooth also makes appearances in Europe， Iran and Korea. Upon a first glimpse of the fungus， one may regard the ruby13）-red liquid as the blood of some poor forest creature splattered across the white mushroom cap. When inspected more closely， it becomes obvious that the fungus is oozing14） liquid through its own small pores15）.

5. Bioluminescent16） Fungi

No， this is not your illusion； you really are seeing bright green mushrooms. These neon17） green mushrooms， to use the technical term， emerge during the rainy season in Japanese and Brazilian forests， scattering the floor with glowing spores. The bases of tree trunks， fallen branches， leaf litter18） and moist soil provide perfect breeding grounds19） for the mushrooms. The appearance of these garish20） looking fungi is due to bioluminescence， one of the weird but wonderful reactions that happen naturally in many plants and animals.

6. Amethyst Deceiver

This purple beauty is found in deciduous21） and coniferous forests in temperate22） zones around North America， Central and South America， Europe and Asia. Though vividly purple when young， older specimens lose their bright coloration and are more difficult to identify， which is why it is called the "deceiver". Though technically edible， it isn't considered a good choice to eat especially because pollutants23） in the soil can accumulate in the mushroom.

7. The Red Cage

The mushroom is known as the red cage， referring to the striking fruit bodies24） that are shaped somewhat like a round or oval hollow sphere with interlaced25） or latticed26） branches. Feeding off decaying woody plant materials， these mushrooms can be found growing in leaf litter， grassy places or on garden soil. Though it isn't clear if it is edible， apparently its smell is enough to deter27） anyone interested in eating it.

1. 天蓝蘑菇

天蓝蘑菇是蘑菇的一种，分布于新西兰和印度。这种小蘑菇通体呈现出一种特有的蓝色，只是菌褶处带有一点孢子的淡红色。天蓝蘑菇不可食用，但是否有毒尚不得知。2002年，新西兰曾发行过一套真菌主题的邮票，该套邮票以六种本土真菌为特色，天蓝蘑菇就是其中的一种。新西兰储备银行1990年发行的50元纸币的背面也印有这种蘑菇。

2. 竹荪

这种娇美、奇异的蘑菇分布于南亚、非洲、美洲和澳大利亚的花园和林地之中。竹荪能够食用，且保健价值非常高，被用在中国菜肴中。虽然其网状菌裙才是吸引我们眼球的地方，但其实这种蘑菇也用菌盖来引起注意。它的菌盖上面裹着一层含有孢子的绿褐色黏液，这种黏液能够吸引苍蝇和昆虫，从而促进孢子的传播。

3. 火鸡尾菇

火鸡尾菇是一种常见的蘑菇，遍布世界各地。不管它可能有多么常见，它从来都美丽动人。它外形似扇，色彩层叠，看起来就像是火鸡的尾巴，且颜色因所处的地域和生长期有所不同。它的菌盖可能是深浅不同的铁锈色、深褐色、灰色甚至是黑色。如果菌盖上面长有某种绿藻，有些老火鸡尾菇的菌盖还能呈现出绿色。人们认为火鸡尾菇是一种药用蘑菇，可能对预防癌症具有积极的效果——虽然人们对这一点仍存在争议。

4. 出血齿菌

请允许我来介绍一下真菌王国更为与众不同的成员之一：出血齿菌。它有多个别名，一般都与汁液或血液有关。这种真菌分布于北美洲，在太平洋西北地区更为常见，且大多生长在针叶林中。在欧洲、伊朗和韩国也有出血齿菌的身影。它们白色的菌盖布满了鲜红色的液体，乍一看，你可能会以为那是森林里某只不幸的动物所喷溅出来的鲜血。当靠近一些仔细一看，真相就会显而易见，原来那是出血齿菌在通过它们的小气孔分泌液体。

5. 荧光蕈

不，这不是你的幻觉。你看到的确确实实是荧绿色的蘑菇。一到雨季，日本和巴西的森林就会冒出这些——用科学术语来说——荧光蕈，它们发光的孢子缀满林地。树干根部、落下的树枝、落叶层及潮湿的土壤都为荧光蕈提供了理想的生长地。这些发出耀眼光芒的荧光蕈外观如此是由于生物发光现象，这是很多植物和动物天生就具有的一种奇特但美妙的化学反应。

1. gill [ɡ?l] n. （蘑菇的）菌褶（常用作复数）

2. tint [t?nt] n. 色调；淡淡的色泽

3. spore [sp??（r）] n.【生】孢子

4. fungus [?f??ɡ?s] n. （[复] fungi，[?f?nd?a?]）【植】真菌；真菌类植物

5. reverse [r??v??s] adj. 背面的；反面的

6. lacy [?le?si] adj. 蕾丝的；网眼状的

7. cap [k?p] n.【植】（蘑菇的）菌盖

8. slime [sla?m] n. 黏质物

9. disperse [d??sp??s] vt. 使散布；传播

10. shade [?e?d] n. （色彩的）浓淡深浅；色度（常与of连用）

11. alga [??lɡ?] n. （[复] algae，[??ld?i?]）水藻，海藻（常用作复数）

12. coniferous [k??n?f?r?s] adj. 针叶树的；松柏目的

13. ruby [?ru?bi] n. 红宝石

14. ooze [u?z] vt. 渗出；冒出

15. pore [p??（r）] n. （植物的）气孔

16. bioluminescent

[?ba???lu?m??nesnt] adj. 生物发光的

17. neon [?ni??n] adj. 似霓虹灯的

1. Sky Blue Mushroom

Sky Blue mushroom is a species of mushroom found in New Zealand and India. The small mushroom is a distinctive all-blue color， while the gills1） have a slight reddish tint2） from the spores3）. Sky Blue mushroom is not edible， but whether or not it is poisonous is unknown. This species was one of six native fungi4） featured in a set of fungal stamps issued in New Zealand in 2002. It is also seen on the reverse5） side of the $50 bank note， issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand in 1990.

2. Veiled Lady Mushroom

This delicate and strange mushroom can be found in gardens and woodlands in southern Asia， Africa， the Americas and Australia. This edible and rather healthful mushroom is used in Chinese cuisine. While the lacy6） skirt is what draws our eyes， the mushroom actually uses the cap7） to draw attention too. It is coated in a greenish-brown slime8） that contains spores—the slime attracts flies and insects that help disperse9） the spores.

3. Turkey Tail

Turkey Tail is a common mushroom found all over the world—though however common it might be， it is always beautiful. Its fan shape and layers of coloring resemble a turkey's tail. Colors can range depending on location and age， and the cap can be shades10） of rust-brown， dark brown， grey， and even black. Some older caps can appear green when they have a greenish algae11） growing on them. The Turkey Tail is considered a medicinal mushroom， and may possibly have positive benefits in protecting against cancer， though this is debated.

4. The Bleeding Tooth Fungus

Allow me to introduce to you one of the more unusual members of Kingdom Fungi， the Bleeding Tooth fungus， which has various names often referring to juice or blood. This fungus can be found in North America where it is more common in the Pacific Northwest and resides mostly in coniferous12） forests. The Bleeding Tooth also makes appearances in Europe， Iran and Korea. Upon a first glimpse of the fungus， one may regard the ruby13）-red liquid as the blood of some poor forest creature splattered across the white mushroom cap. When inspected more closely， it becomes obvious that the fungus is oozing14） liquid through its own small pores15）.

5. Bioluminescent16） Fungi

No， this is not your illusion； you really are seeing bright green mushrooms. These neon17） green mushrooms， to use the technical term， emerge during the rainy season in Japanese and Brazilian forests， scattering the floor with glowing spores. The bases of tree trunks， fallen branches， leaf litter18） and moist soil provide perfect breeding grounds19） for the mushrooms. The appearance of these garish20） looking fungi is due to bioluminescence， one of the weird but wonderful reactions that happen naturally in many plants and animals.

6. Amethyst Deceiver

This purple beauty is found in deciduous21） and coniferous forests in temperate22） zones around North America， Central and South America， Europe and Asia. Though vividly purple when young， older specimens lose their bright coloration and are more difficult to identify， which is why it is called the "deceiver". Though technically edible， it isn't considered a good choice to eat especially because pollutants23） in the soil can accumulate in the mushroom.

7. The Red Cage

The mushroom is known as the red cage， referring to the striking fruit bodies24） that are shaped somewhat like a round or oval hollow sphere with interlaced25） or latticed26） branches. Feeding off decaying woody plant materials， these mushrooms can be found growing in leaf litter， grassy places or on garden soil. Though it isn't clear if it is edible， apparently its smell is enough to deter27） anyone interested in eating it.

1. 天蓝蘑菇

天蓝蘑菇是蘑菇的一种，分布于新西兰和印度。这种小蘑菇通体呈现出一种特有的蓝色，只是菌褶处带有一点孢子的淡红色。天蓝蘑菇不可食用，但是否有毒尚不得知。2002年，新西兰曾发行过一套真菌主题的邮票，该套邮票以六种本土真菌为特色，天蓝蘑菇就是其中的一种。新西兰储备银行1990年发行的50元纸币的背面也印有这种蘑菇。

2. 竹荪

这种娇美、奇异的蘑菇分布于南亚、非洲、美洲和澳大利亚的花园和林地之中。竹荪能够食用，且保健价值非常高，被用在中国菜肴中。虽然其网状菌裙才是吸引我们眼球的地方，但其实这种蘑菇也用菌盖来引起注意。它的菌盖上面裹着一层含有孢子的绿褐色黏液，这种黏液能够吸引苍蝇和昆虫，从而促进孢子的传播。

3. 火鸡尾菇

火鸡尾菇是一种常见的蘑菇，遍布世界各地。不管它可能有多么常见，它从来都美丽动人。它外形似扇，色彩层叠，看起来就像是火鸡的尾巴，且颜色因所处的地域和生长期有所不同。它的菌盖可能是深浅不同的铁锈色、深褐色、灰色甚至是黑色。如果菌盖上面长有某种绿藻，有些老火鸡尾菇的菌盖还能呈现出绿色。人们认为火鸡尾菇是一种药用蘑菇，可能对预防癌症具有积极的效果——虽然人们对这一点仍存在争议。

4. 出血齿菌

请允许我来介绍一下真菌王国更为与众不同的成员之一：出血齿菌。它有多个别名，一般都与汁液或血液有关。这种真菌分布于北美洲，在太平洋西北地区更为常见，且大多生长在针叶林中。在欧洲、伊朗和韩国也有出血齿菌的身影。它们白色的菌盖布满了鲜红色的液体，乍一看，你可能会以为那是森林里某只不幸的动物所喷溅出来的鲜血。当靠近一些仔细一看，真相就会显而易见，原来那是出血齿菌在通过它们的小气孔分泌液体。

5. 荧光蕈

不，这不是你的幻觉。你看到的确确实实是荧绿色的蘑菇。一到雨季，日本和巴西的森林就会冒出这些——用科学术语来说——荧光蕈，它们发光的孢子缀满林地。树干根部、落下的树枝、落叶层及潮湿的土壤都为荧光蕈提供了理想的生长地。这些发出耀眼光芒的荧光蕈外观如此是由于生物发光现象，这是很多植物和动物天生就具有的一种奇特但美妙的化学反应。

6. 紫蜡蘑

这种美丽的紫蘑菇分布于北美洲、中南美洲、欧洲和亚洲温带地区的落叶林和针叶林中，刚长出来时呈亮紫色，但老一点之后就会褪去艳丽的色彩，并更加难以识别，因而被称为“假花脸蘑”。严格来说，紫蜡蘑能够食用，但实际上它们却不宜食用，尤其是因为土壤里的污染物可以在这种蘑菇中积聚。

7. 红笼头菌

红笼头菌俗称红笼子，因为它的子实体外形有点像是一个圆形或椭圆形的中空球体，表面是格网交错或是斜条格构状的分枝，十分引人注目。红笼头菌生长在枯枝落叶层、草丛中或花园的土壤里，它们从腐烂的木质植物那里汲取养料。尽管目前尚不清楚红笼头菌是否可以食用，但显然单是它的气味就足以吓跑任何一个想要吃它的人。

18. leaf litter： （森林中的）枯枝落叶层

19. breeding grounds： 繁殖地；滋生地

20. garish [?ɡe?r??] adj. 过分鲜艳的；炫目的

21. deciduous [d??s?d?u?s] adj. （树木）每年秋季落叶的

22. temperate [?temp?r?t] adj. （气候等）温带的；温和的

23. pollutant [p??lu?t?nt] n. 污染性物质，有害物质

24. fruit body：【植】（尤指真菌的）子实体

25. interlaced [??nt??le?st] adj. 交织的，交错的

26. latticed [?l?t?st] adj. （叶等）斜条格构状的

27. deter [d??t??（r）] vt. 威慑；使不敢