通信作者:路强,男,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,研究方向:眼底病病, E-mail:drluqiang@163.com。
增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体液中PEDF与TAOC的关系研究
杨晓静1, 路强2, 张海涛3
(1内蒙古自治区中医医院眼科, 呼和浩特010021;2内蒙古自治区人民医院眼科, 呼和浩特010017;
3武警内蒙古总队医院检验科, 呼和浩特010021)
摘要:目的探讨增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy, PDR)患者玻璃体液中色素上皮衍生因子(pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)与总抗氧化能力(total anti-oxidant capacity ,TAOC)的关系。方法选择行玻璃体切割术的增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者20例(20眼),其中PDR合并玻璃体出血组12眼,PDR无玻璃体出血组8眼。非糖尿病患者18例(18眼)作为对照组。采用ELISA方法测定玻璃体液中PEDF和TAOC的水平,并行统计学分析。结果与对照组比较,PDR患者玻璃体液中的TAOC明显降低(P<0.01)。玻璃体液中PEDF水平与TAOC呈正相关(r=0.35,P<0.05),和对照组呈正相关(r= 0.39,P<0.05)。无玻璃体出血组PDR患者玻璃体液中PEDF水平与对照组和合并玻璃体出血组比较明显降低(P<0.05)。结论玻璃体液中PEDF水平与TAOC密切相关。PEDF可作为眼内源性抗氧化物并对PDR起到保护作用。
关键词:色素上皮衍生因子; 增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变; 总抗氧化能力
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(81260152); 内蒙古自治区人民医院科研基金(20110929,20110907)
作者简介:杨晓静(1971-),女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:眼底病变。
中图分类号:R587.2
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5551.2015.03.012
[收稿日期:2014-05-16]
The expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor and total anti-oxidant
capacity in the vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
YANG Xiaojing1, LU Qiang2, ZHANG Haitao3
(1DepartmentofOphthalmology,InnerMongoliaTraditionalChineseMedicineHospital,
Hohhot010021,China;2DepartmentofOphthalmology,TheInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion
People′sHospital,Hohhot010017,China;3DepartmentofLaboratory,InnerMongolia
ArmedPoliceHospital,Hohhot010021,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and total anti-oxidant capacity (TAOC) in vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and to investigate the relationship between PEDF and TAOC. MethodsVitreous levels of PEDF and TAOC were measured by an ELISA in 20 eyes of 20 diabetic patients with PDR and in 18 eyes of 18 non-diabetic control subjects. ResultsTAOC in vitreous was significantly lower in diabetic patients with PDR than that in control subjects (0.18±0.04 mmol/L vs 0.26±0.05 mmol/L, P<0.01). PEDF levels were positively correlated with TAOC in the vitreous of patients with PDR (r=0.35,P<0.05) and control subjects (r=0.39, P<0.05). Further, PEDF levels in vitreous of PDR patients without vitreous hemorrhage were significantly decreased (P<0.05), compared with those in the control or PDR patients with vitreous hemorrhage (4.1±2.4 μg/mL, 7.4±3.1 μg/mL, 9.1±4.1 μg/mL). ConclusionThe study demonstrates that PEDF is associated with TAOC in vitreous, suggesting that PEDF may act as an endogenous anti-oxidant in the eye and could play a protective role against PDR.
Key words: pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF); proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR); total anti-oxidant capacity (TAOC)
色素上皮衍生因子(pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)是人及动物眼中天然存在的一种糖蛋白,分子量为50 ku,属于丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(serinprotease inhibitor, serpin)基因超家族,但不具有抑制蛋白酶的活性。PEDF首次从培养的人视网膜色素上皮细胞纯化出来,具有促进神经元分化的作用[1]。Longeras等[2]研究证明PEDF能抑制细胞和新生血管动物模型中的血管生成,具有抑制内皮细胞生长迁移和抑制缺血诱导的视网膜新生血管形成的作用[3-4]。在糖尿病患者房水和玻璃体中PEDF表达下降,特别是增殖性视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)[5-6]。这些结果表明,眼内PEDF活性的丧失可能促进了PDR的发生。研究发现晚期糖基化终产物可引起眼内氧化应激和血管炎症反应,从而参与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的发病[7-8]。Park等[9]研究发现PEDF能通过抑制活性氧簇(ROS)来抑制视网膜新生血管形成和VEGF的表达。这些结果均提示PEDF可能在PDR中发挥一定作用。然而,在糖尿病视网膜病变患者中玻璃体PEDF水平和总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity ,TAOC)之间的相互关系仍不清楚。本研究对内蒙古自治区中医医院眼科住院的20例PDR患者行玻璃体切割术,测定玻璃体液中PEDF和TAOC的水平,并与非糖尿病患者进行比较,旨在探讨PDR患者玻璃体液中PEDF与TAOC的关系。
1资料与方法
1.1病例来源选择内蒙古自治区中医医院眼科住院连续PDR患者20例,其中男性14例,女性6例,平均年龄(51±9)岁。糖尿病病程(11±5.8) a,糖化血红蛋白为(6.8±1.6)%。糖尿病诊断以1997年ADA报告为标准。PDR患者随机分为两组:PDR合并玻璃体出血组12眼,PDR无玻璃体出血组8眼。选择18例患有特发性黄斑裂孔、视网膜前膜的非糖尿病患者作为对照组,其中男性8例,女性10例,平均年龄(59±7.3)岁。
1.2主要试剂与仪器total antioxidant capacity ELISA试剂盒(美国R&D公司),pigment epithelium-derived factor ELISA试剂盒(美国R&D公司),无菌试管(美国BD公司),美国宝特Bio-Tek ELX800光吸收酶标仪,ELISA酶标仪用全自动洗板机(AMW-96SX,日本MedicaTec公司)。
1.3方法所有患者均接受标准的玻璃体切割手术,并于术中获取未经稀释的玻璃体液。标本置于无菌试管中并于-80℃保存备用。采用ELISA方法检测玻璃体液中PEDF和TAOC水平[10]。具体步骤:用包被液稀释抗原,每孔200 μL,37℃温育1 h,4℃冰箱放置16~18 h。洗涤:倒尽板孔中液体,加满洗涤液,静放3 min×3次,最后将反应板倒置在吸水纸上,使孔中洗涤液流尽。加封闭液200 μL,37℃放置1 h,洗涤3次。加被检玻璃体液:用稀释液将被检玻璃体液进行稀释,每孔200 μL。同时作稀释液对照,37℃放置2 h,洗涤3次。加辣根过氧化物酶羊抗兔IgG,每孔200 μL, 放置37℃ 1 h,洗涤3次。加底物:邻苯二胺溶液加200 mL,室温暗处10~15 min。加终止液:每孔50 μL。观察结果,用酶联免疫检测仪记录490 nm读数。
1.4统计学处理采用SPSS13.0软件包进行统计学分析,数据以均数±标准差(±s)表示。采用Mann-Whitney U检验。PEDF和TAOC相关性采用Spearman相关性分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
与对照组比较,PDR患者玻璃体液中的TAOC明显降低[(0.18±0.04) mmol/L和(0.26±0.05) mmol/L,P<0.01](图1)。PDR患者中合并玻璃体出血与无玻璃体出血患者TAOC水平差异无统计学意义[(0.17±0.05)mmol/L和(0.13±0.05) mmol/L,P>0.05]。PDR患者玻璃体液中TAOC与玻璃体液中PEDF水平呈正相关(r=0.35,P<0.05),和对照组呈正相关(r = 0.39,P<0.05)。PDR患者玻璃体液中PEDF水平与对照组比较,无明显差异[(7.6±3.2) μg/mL 和(7.4±3.1) μg/mL]。PDR无玻璃体出血组患者PEDF水平为(4.1±2.4 μg/mL),较对照组的(7.4±3.1) μg/mL和合并玻璃体出血组的(9.1±4.1) μg/mL明显降低(图2)。
3讨论
本研究结果显示在PDR患者玻璃体液中TAOC较对照组显著降低。在PDR患者和对照组中,玻璃体液中PEDF和TAOC呈正相关。研究报道PEDF具有抗氧化特性,能够抑制糖尿病患者VEGF的表达,认为PEDF可能是一种内源性的抗氧化剂,对PDR发挥保护作用[11-12]。
图1 TAOC在增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变和对照组中
图2 PEDF在增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变和对照组中
本研究中PDR合并玻璃体出血患者玻璃体液中PEDF没有明显降低,但在PDR无玻璃体出血患者中,玻璃体液中PEDF表达显著低于对照组,表明玻璃体PEDF在糖尿病视网膜病变中明显下降,特别是在无玻璃体出血PDR患者中。PDR合并玻璃体出血患者玻璃体液中PEDF的高表达可能是循环血液中PEDF影响了PDR合并玻璃体出血患者玻璃体中PEDF水平表达。在糖尿病视网膜病变中,氧化应激可能参与视网膜PEDF的表达下降,其原因可能是AGEs或H-2O-2促进血管内皮细胞 PEDF基因表达下调[13-14]。抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸能够逆转高葡萄糖诱导的体外培养的视网膜周细胞PEDF表达减少[15-16]。此外,静脉注射AGEs诱导的氧化应激也可降低视网膜PEDF的表达。提示糖尿病视网膜病变视网膜中PEDF水平降低,可进一步导致眼内氧化应激反应,从而加重糖尿病性视网膜病变。总之,目前的研究显示玻璃体中PEDF可作为眼内应激的生物标志之一,对PEDF因子的调节或替代可能成为PDR治疗的新策略。
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(本文编辑王艳)