赵 帅 宋 蔚
CFH ELN基因多态性与PCV及隐匿性CNV的相关性
赵帅宋蔚
目的 探讨补体因子H(CFH) Y402Hrs3753394基因多态性﹑弹性蛋白(ELN)rs2301995基因多态性与中国北方人群息肉状脉络膜血管病变 (PCV)及隐匿性脉络膜新生血管膜(CNV)疾病的关系。方法 选取PCV患者25例 (PCV组)和隐匿性CNV患者22例(CNV组)及健康体检者23例 (对照组)。采集所有受试者的外周血,提取DNA,通过聚合酶联(PCR)技术扩增后测序,检测CFH 与ELN单核苷酸多态性,分析基因变异结果与PCV及隐匿性CNV疾病的相关性。结果 PCV组和CNV组的CFH Y402H基因SNP rs3753394位点的基因型及等位基因发生频率分别与对照组比较明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PCV组的ELN基因SNP rs2301995位点TT基因型及T﹑C等位基因发生频率分别与对照组比较明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。SNPrs2301995与PCV具有相关性,而与隐匿性CNV无相关性。结论 中国北方人群CFH Y402H基因SNP rs3753394位点与ELN基因SNP rs2301995位点基因分布频率的检测可作为PCV和隐匿性CNV疾病的鉴别诊断,并为这两种疾病的预防及治疗提供新的思路。
CFH Y402H基因 SNP rs3753394位点 ELN基因 SNP rs2301995位点 隐匿性CNV PCV
眼底病是我国目前致盲的主要原因,已经严重威胁人们的健康和生活质量。临床上对脉络膜息肉样变性(PCV)与隐匿性脉络膜新生血管疾病(隐匿性CNV)的鉴别诊断较困难[1]。单核苷酸多态性(SNP)是指由于单个核苷酸碱基的改变而导致的核苷酸序列的多态性,其是基因组中最为稳定的变异,因而成为基因疾病的重要遗传标记。本文通过研究分析补体因子H(CFH)和弹性蛋白(ELN)等2个SNP位点基因型频率分布,旨在探讨SNP在鉴别PCV与隐匿性CNV疾病中的应用价值。
1.1一般资料 选取2012年10月至2014年10月在本院眼科确诊为PCV的患者25例(32眼)(PCV组)和隐匿性CNV患者22例(28眼)(CNV组),另选取同期本院健康体检者23例(46眼)(对照组)。PCV组患者,男17例,女8例;平均年龄(62.38±7.32)岁。CNV组患者,男17例,女5例;平均年龄(66.32±9.37)岁。对照组患者,男13例,女10例;平均年龄(66.30±5.57)岁。所有患者均行视力、眼底彩色照相、荧光素眼底血管造影、吲哚青绿血管造影(ICGA)和光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查。CNV分型依照参考文献[2]标准或病理诊断。PCV临床诊断依据ICGA检查结果,即沿脉络膜血管分支走行可见末端息肉状脉络膜血管病变[3,4]。47例PCV或隐匿性CNV患者中明确有PCV或年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)家族史5例(10.63%)、有中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)病史2例(4.25%)、有高血压病史16例(34.04%)、有高血脂病史22例(46.80%),有糖尿病病史5例(10.63%)、有吸烟史15例(31.91%)。排除其它眼底病变。各组的年龄性别比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本项目经本院伦理委员会批准,并签署知情同意书。
1.2方法 所有受试者均抽取5ml外周静脉血,用乙二胺四乙酸钠抗凝,于-80℃保存备用。(1)外周血基因组DNA的提取:DNA提取使用德国QIAGEN公司的QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit试剂盒。(2)SNP检测:仪器、试剂和引物:lightCycler荧光PCR仪使用德国Roche公司产品。 PCR试剂盒采用上海久盛医疗用品有限公司产品。 PCR扩增:用pfimer5软件设计引物,CFH基因 Y402H rs3753394的引物序列为:正义链5'- CAAGCACTGCATTCTTGGCA -3',反义链 5'-GCTGTGACCGGCTCTTGGAC -3';β-actin作为内参照,引物序列为:正义链5'-TGGAATCCTG TGGCATCCATGAAAC-3',反义链5'-TAAAACGCAGC ACAGTAACAGTCCG-3'. ELN SNP rs2301995引物序列为:正义链5'-ATGCCACCCACAACAACTTT-3',反义链5'-CGCGTCCTTCAAACTAACGG-3'反应条件:95℃3min→95℃ 30s,54℃ 30s,72℃1min,40个循环,72℃ 10min,4℃保存。(3)基因片段序列测定和分析:使用测序仪对PCR产物进行序列测定。将测序结果通过BLAST应用软件与GenBank中的已知序列进行同源性比较。(4)对扩增的目的片断进行凝胶电泳,通过紫外光凝胶成像系统进行扫描并记录,用四维成像处理系统,测定各组DNA的特异性。
1.3统计学处理 采用SPSS 13.0统计软件。计数资料用%表示,组间比较用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1ICGA表现 CNV组病变位于黄斑中心凹下17眼(60.7%),中心凹旁7眼(25.0%),中心凹外4眼(14.3%)。PCV组息肉状病灶位于黄斑区16眼(50.0%);血管弓区6眼,(18.7%);视盘旁区4眼(12.5%);混合区6眼(18.8%)。
2.2各组CFH Y402H基因SNP rs3753394位点基因型与等位基因分布比较 PCV组和CNV组的CFH Y402H基因SNP rs3753394位点的基因型及等位基因发生频率分别与对照组比较明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
表1 各组CFH Y402H基因SNP rs3753394位点分布比较(%)
2.3各组ELN基因SNP rs2301995位点分布比较 PCV组的ELN基因SNP rs2301995位点TT基因型及T、C等位基因发生频率分别与对照组比较明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01),见表2。
表2 各组ELN基因SNP rs2301995位点分布比较(%)
目前PCV的确切病因尚不清楚。PCV和AMD在临床表现上存在较多相似之处,因此有学者推测与AMD相关的SNP位点有可能也存在于PCV中。近年CFH基因Y402H 、CFB基因变异与AMD的相关性获得国际眼科界的普遍认同[5,6]。CFH是补体旁路激活途径的调节因子,定位于染色体lq32。CFH基因的9号外显子编码的多态性已被确认[7~9]。SNP基因分型技术已成功确定CFH基因9号外显子上的Y402H基因位点为第一个AMD易感等位基因[10]。研究证实Y402H与AMD的发生密切相关,其与各期AMD的比值达2.45~3.33[5,9],而与晚期AMD的比值达3.45~7.4[5,8]。目前的研究显示,CFH的SNP与 AMD的发生密切相关,且其SNP位点增加AMD 和 PCV的发生概率[11]。Lee 等[12]对CFH五个SNP位点进行分析,结果发现新加坡中国 人群PCV与CFH两个位点(rs3753394 和 rs800292 )相关,但与CFH 的 Y402H 变异体 (rsl061170)无相关性。但其它亚洲地区的报道则与以上结论有明显不同,在中国台湾地区[13]进行的研究结果显示C等位基因的频率在病例组(11.3%)和对照组(2.8%)间存在显著差异。本资料结果显示,病例组和对照组均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,在CNV组,PCV组中Y402H rs rs3753394基因型及等位基因分别与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。表明Y420Hrs rs3753394与CNV,PCV显著相关。与上述研究结果相符。因此作者认为,隐匿性CNV和PCV 可能有着相同的基因背景 。
弹性蛋白在脉络膜血管壁中能维持血管壁的形态[14]。Kuroiwa等[15]发现PCV息肉状血管灶中血管壁的弹性纤维层发生破坏,认为PCV的基本病理机制是脉络膜动脉硬化和息肉灶血管壁的弹性蛋白功能受损。Kondo 等[16]对湿性AMD和PCV与5个弹性蛋白SNP位点相关性的研究发现,SNP位点(rs230199 5)增加PCV的7.5倍患病风 险,而这些位点均与湿性AMD 无关,因此认为这一基因多态性的差异表明湿性AMD和PCV的病理机制不同,提示nAMD 和PCV的发病存在差异,Lima等[17]对高加索人群的 ELN基因SNP位点(rs2301995)研究发现,SNP位点(rs2301995)与PCV和AMD的发生均无相关性。本资料结果显示,PCV组中ELN rs2301995的TT基因型及等位基因分别与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,(P<0.05或0.01),而在CNV组的表达则无统计学意义(P>0.05)。表明中国人群ELN SNPrs2301995在PCV疾病中分布频率显著增高,而在隐匿性CNV疾病中则无差异,进一步揭示两种疾病的发病机制有所不同。
综上所述,中国北方人群CFH Y402H rs3753394、ELN rs2301995位点具有多态性,CFH Y402H rs3753394T/C多态性可能与中国北方地区人群PCV疾病和隐匿性CNV疾病的发生发展相关,ELN rs2301995C/T多态性可能与中国北方地区人群PCV疾病的病理相关,其基因分布频率的差异可作为PCV疾病和隐匿性CNV疾病鉴别诊断,且为两种疾病的预防和治疗提供新的方案。
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Objective To investigate the association of polymorphisms of CFH(Y402H rs3753394)﹑ELNrs2301995 with PCV and occult CNV in a northern Chinese cohort. Methods The 25 cases of patients with PCV (PCV group)﹑22 cases of patients with occult CNV group (CNV group ) and 23 cases of normal persons from our physical examination center (control group)were selected,all of the subjects' peripheral blood DNA were collected to analyze the correlation between genetic variation results and the diseases with PCV and occult CNV by PCR amplifi cation in detection to single nucleotide polymorphism of CFH and ELN. Results In PCV and CNV groups the genotype and allele frequency of SNP rs3753394 loci in CFH Y402H gene were signifi cantly increased compared with controls,the differences were statistically signifi cant (P < 0.05),in PCV group TT genotype and T,C allele frequency of SNP rs2301995 loci in ELN gene were signifi cantly increased compared with controls,the difference was statistically signifi cant (P<0.05 or 0.05).Rs2301995 was associated with PCV,and no correlation with occult CNV. Conclution People in northern China CFH Y402H gene SNP rs3753394 loci and ELN SNP rs2301995 site distribution of gene frequency of testing can be as a PCV and occult CNV differential diagnosis of the disease,In northern Chinese population the different of distribution of gene frequency can be as a PCV and occult CNV differential diagnosis of the disease by detection of CFH Y402H gene SNP rs3753394 loci and SNPS rs2301995 ELN gene loci,providing new ideas of prevention and treatment for the two kinds of diseases .
CFH Y402H gene SNP rs3753394 ELN gene SNP rs2301995 occult CNV PCV
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