高中英语“复杂句式”的教学策略

王蓓

【摘 要】 针对高考阅卷经历中和教学实践过程中发现的高中生在英语书面表达中存在的问题，笔者通过培养学生运用“复杂句式”的意识和能力这一教学模式进行了一学期的英语写作教学行动研究和实践。研究的结果表明：“复杂句式”的恰当运用有助于提高英语综合水平在中等及以上水平的这一学生群体的书面表达成绩。

【关键词】高中英语；复杂句式；教学策略

就笔者而言，正确运用“复杂句式”这一意识和能力的关键在于日常教学过程对学生进行相关系统的培养。英语“复杂句式”的运用很多都是借助于某种语法现象完成的。因此，在培养学生运用“复杂句式”意识和能力的同时，又可以对高中很多英语语法现象进行巩固，真可谓“一箭双雕”。

“复杂句式”的运用关键是两点。一是要有运用“复杂句式”的意识；二是有正确运用“复杂句式”的能力。

对于学生意识的培养应融入到日常的英语教学中，因为这是一个相对漫长的过程。这样做有助于逐步培养，使其养成习惯。此外，要加强相关句型的训练。笔者在平常的书面表达讲评中的第一个环节是，让学生相互交换作文，找出其中可以运用复杂句式的句子并要求他们把自己能想到的句式运用其中。

日常的教学中，每每遇到文章中的一些典型句子，笔者就会让学生用笔将之划出来，并根据不同句型提出相应的将文章源句改为符合“复杂句式”目标句的要求让学生完成。如果文章源句本身的句式就是复杂句式，笔者也会要求他们先领会复杂句式，再将其变为常规的句子。如此双向的练习更能加深学生对“复杂句式”的理解和掌握。如：牛津高中英语模块七课本Unit1 Reading部分有这样一句，“It was not until 1938 that the first color TV program was broadcast”，这是一句典型的关于“not…until”句型的强调句式，笔者让同学们把它恢复原样，以期他们了解not…until 强调句式的转化方式。然后再让他们根据强调句式相应的转化规则，将其转化为强调句式和倒装句式：Not until 1938 was the first color TV program broadcast。如此“一反一正一补充”的练习方式极大的强化了他们的转化和运用“复杂句式”的意识和能力。

例如，来展示一下学生在接受“复杂句式”的训练前后的两篇书面表达作为对比。为了增强对比性，笔者选用了同一篇书面表达的题目：

假设你是中学生李华。在一位名叫Susan的学生家长的博客上，你看到如下内容。请根据博客内容、写作要点和要求，给这位家长回复。

My daughter is sixteen years old. I have a rule for her： be among the top 3 students or get punished in one way or another. She has been doing very well in school， but some friends of mine keep telling me that I put too much pressure on her. Am I wrong？

写作要点：1.表明自己的看法；2.陈述自己的理由（可举例说明）；3.提出至少两条建议。

要求：1. 内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。 2.短文词数不少于120（不含已写好的部分）。

Hi， Susan， what puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China. My idea is that .Yours， Li Hua

第一篇（此实验前某同学W的例文）：

What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China. My idea is that it is not proper for you to do that.

It is quite common for you to put much pressure on your daughter. Because high scores can help her have a good future. But high scores dont mean everything. If you always put much pressure on her， then she cant be very happy. Besides， there is something more important than high scores like emotion， enjoying life.Finally， punishment may be bad to the relationships between you and her.

In my opinion， I think you can talk with her and try to know her idea about how you treat her. Besides， you can give her some little surprises like small gifts when she makes some progress in her study. This may help you get on better with her.

I hope my advice can be useful to you.[136words]

Yours，

Li Hua

第二篇（此为试验后该学生的例文）：

What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China. My idea is that it is not quite proper for you to do so.

There is no denying that high grades are an important factor in evaluating students ， which may contribute to her promising future. Whereas， health， emotion and life attitude should never be ignored. Moreover， excessive pressure on children may just cause them to lose interest in studies， not knowing what to pursue but high grades. In addition， it is punishment that is a factor leading to the generation gap between parents and children.

As to this， it is my suggestion that you take your friends advice. To begin with， youd better have a nice talk with her and get to know what she thinks of the way you treat her. As well as this， a pleasant reward can be offered when she does make some progress . It is expected that my advice above may be of some value in harmonizing the relationship between you and your daughter.[158 words]

Yours，

Li Hua

第一篇书面表达中虽然错误很少，但是很少见到“复杂句式”，而第二篇文习作中尝试运用了若干“复杂句式”（文中有下划线的部分）。总体看来，通过近一年的针对性训练，学生在进行书面表达式的语言运用能力方面的确有明显提升。

此项训练并非特别耗时、耗精力。但从结果来看，效果也较为明显。在此，笔者希望更多的英语老师能够加入到这一行列中来，继续巩固和扩大成果。借助“复杂句式”在英语书面表达中的运用，使越来越多的学生能够从中获益。

（作者单位：江苏省扬中高级中学）