GnRHR-Ⅱ在人类子宫内膜的表达*

2015-06-05 15:31楠,华,莉,
关键词:月经周期上皮免疫组化

肖 楠, 赵 华, 殷 莉, 靳 镭

GnRHR-Ⅱ在人类子宫内膜的表达*

肖 楠, 赵 华, 殷 莉△, 靳 镭△

华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院生殖医学中心,武汉430030

目的 探讨促性腺激素释放激素Ⅱ型受体(GnRHR-Ⅱ)在子宫内膜的分布及表达变化规律,分析GnRHR-Ⅱ与子宫内膜容受性的关系。方法 通过诊断性刮宫技术,获取106名因“输卵管因素不孕”入院行宫腹腔镜手术的正常月经周期患者的子宫内膜组织,其中增生期形态子宫内膜54例,分泌期形态子宫内膜52例。采用免疫组化SP染色法,分别检测增生期、分泌期内膜基质细胞及腺上皮中GnRHR-Ⅱ的表达。根据表达强度及阳性率进行量化评分(HSCORE),采用SPSS 17.0统计分析软件对各组差异进行独立样本t检验。结果 无论增生期还是分泌期,子宫内膜上均可见GnRHR-Ⅱ表达。增生期内膜基质细胞GnRHR-Ⅱ表达量明显高于腺上皮,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。分泌期腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表达量明显高于基质细胞,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。增生期内膜基质细胞GnRHR-Ⅱ表达量明显高于分泌期内膜基质细胞,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。分泌期腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表达量明显高于增生期腺上皮,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 GnRHR-Ⅱ的分布及表达变化规律与子宫内膜为适应胚胎着床发生的形态、生理生化改变相一致,证实在一定范围内GnRHR-Ⅱ与子宫内膜对胚胎的容受性密切相关。

促性腺激素释放激素Ⅱ型受体; 子宫内膜增生期; 子宫内膜分泌期; 内膜基质细胞; 内膜腺上皮;子宫内膜容受性

促性腺激素释放激素(Gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)由下丘脑分泌,调节促性腺激素(Gonadotropin,Gn)的合成与释放,后者可促进类固醇激素的产生及配子形成。当前,随着分子生物学技术的不断进步,人类在下丘脑外组织中亦发现GnRH的存在,如卵巢、睾丸、胎盘、子宫肌层及子宫内膜[1-5]。无论是下丘脑GnRH或是下丘脑外组织中的GnRH,其免疫活性及生物活性相近。迄今为止,在人类基因组中共发现2种GnRH:GnRH-Ⅰ和GnRH-Ⅱ,其中GnRH-Ⅱ最为常见,在脑干、肾脏及子宫内膜均有表达[6]。根据GnRH与不同亚型受体结合的高度特异性,可将其受体分为2类: GnRHR-I和GnRHR-Ⅱ。与GnRH-Ⅰ相比,Gn-RH-Ⅱ对受体GnRHR-Ⅱ的选择敏感性是前者的421倍[7]。本文旨在通过对增生期、分泌期子宫内膜基质细胞、腺上皮中GnRHR-Ⅱ的分布及表达变化规律的研究,证明在一定范围内,GnRHR-Ⅱ与子宫内膜容受性呈正相关。

1 资料与方法

1.1 研究对象

选取2013年1月~2014年6月就诊于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院生殖医学中心、因“输卵管因素”不孕行宫腹腔镜手术的患者106名,诊刮获取患者内膜组织,并将其分为:增生期形态子宫内膜(54例)和分泌期形态子宫内膜(52例)。研究对象的纳入标准:①年龄20~35岁;②月经周期正常;③术前3个月未服用任何药物,特别是类固醇激素;④无宫腔操作史;⑤无内分泌、结核等疾病病史。

1.2 观察指标及检测方法

采用免疫组化SP染色法检测GnRHR-Ⅱ的表达。GnRHR-Ⅱ多克隆抗体购于美国Proteintech公司,按1∶100浓度进行稀释。操作方法参考SP试剂盒说明书。磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)取代一抗作阴性对照,子宫内膜癌标本作阳性对照。

1.3 结果判定标准

采用组织化学评分法(histochemical score,HSCORE)进行评分[8]。以胞膜及胞质着色为阳性染色,按染色程度计分:未染色=0分,着色浅、淡黄色=1分,中等程度着色、深黄色=2分,着色深、棕色=3分。光镜下观察,每一张玻片选取5个400倍视野,每一视野数100个细胞,分别计算每一染色程度细胞所占百分比,从0到100%,用Pi表示。HSCORE=∑Pi(i+1)。考虑到这一评分法有一定程度的主观性,因此每一张玻片均由3名研究人员进行评估,记录分数并取均值作为最终得分。

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。数据以均数±标准差(¯x±s)表示,采用独立样本t检验进行统计处理,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组患者一般情况比较

两组患者的年龄、体重指数(BMI)、月经周期、D3卵泡刺激素(follicular stimulating hormone,FSH)、D3雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)、D3内膜厚度及D3窦卵泡数(antral follicle counts,AFC)相比,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),见表1。

表1 子宫内膜分别处于增生期、分泌期的两组患者一般情况比较(¯x±s)Table1 Comparison of general data between two groups with endometrium in the proliferative or secretory phase(¯x±s)

2.2 免疫组化技术检测增生期、分泌期子宫内膜基质细胞及腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ的表达

抗体与GnRHR-Ⅱ的免疫阳性反应显示为棕黄色细颗粒状物。无论增生期还是分泌期,子宫内膜上均可见GnRHR-Ⅱ表达(图1)。其中,增生期内膜棕黄色细颗粒状物主要集中于基质细胞的胞膜和胞质(图1A);而腺上皮胞膜,特别是近腔面也可见一定程度的免疫阳性反应(图1B)。分泌期内膜阳性反应物主要聚集于腺上皮的胞膜和胞质(图1C),基质细胞胞质内可见少量免疫阳性反应物(图1D)。

2.3 增生期、分泌期子宫内膜基质及腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表达的HSCORE评分

增生期,GnRHR-Ⅱ主要分布于基质细胞,基质细胞GnRHR-Ⅱ表达明显高于腺上皮,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。分泌期,GnRHR-Ⅱ主要分布于腺上皮,基质细胞也可见少量免疫阳性反应,腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表达明显高于基质细胞,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。当月经周期由增生期逐渐向分泌期过渡时,内膜基质细胞上GnRHR-Ⅱ的表达也逐渐减少,增生期内膜基质细胞GnRHR-Ⅱ表达明显高于分泌期内膜基质细胞,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。当月经周期由增生期逐渐向分泌期过渡时,腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ的表达逐渐增多,分泌期腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表达量明显高于增生期腺上皮,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。见表2。

图1 免疫组化SP法检测增生期、分泌期子宫内膜基质及腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ的表达Fig.1 Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin stromal cells and glandular cells of endometrium in proliferative and secretory phase

表2 增生期、分泌期子宫内膜基质及腺上皮GnRHR-Ⅱ表达的HSCORE评分(¯x±s)Table2 HSCORE scoring for the expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin stromal and glandular cells of endometrium in proliferative and secretory phase(¯x±s)

3 讨论

1998年,Raga等[9]首次证实,育龄女性月经周期任一阶段的子宫内膜上均有GnRH和GnRHR的mRNA表达。同年,Dong等[10]发现,人类子宫内膜组织可表达GnRH前体基因。1999年,Borroni等[11]在异位的子宫内膜组织中发现了GnRHR的表达。2001年,Cheon等[12]第一次提出,人类子宫内膜GnRH-Ⅱ的定位及定量表达是呈月经周期依赖性的。与分泌早中期相比,增生期及分泌晚期GnRH-Ⅱ表达总量降低,提示GnRH-Ⅱ的表达与胚胎着床窗的开启和关闭密切相关。子宫内膜由增生期向分泌期过渡时发生如下生理变化:增生期内膜基质细胞可在雌激素作用下产生酸性粘多糖,为胚胎着床提供内膜支架;分泌期内膜腺上皮可在孕激素作用下逐渐增大,腺体开口面向宫腔,糖原等物质大量溢出,为胚胎着床提供营养。本研究利用免疫组化SP染色法,对GnRHR-Ⅱ进行定位及半定量检测,发现增生期GnRHR-Ⅱ主要集中于基质细胞,而分泌期GnRHR-Ⅱ主要集中于腺上皮,这与子宫内膜为适应胚胎着床发生的形态、生理、生化改变一致,提示GnRHR-Ⅱ可能与子宫内膜容受性呈正相关。

那么,我们是否可以推测,与GnRHR-Ⅱ特异性结合的GnRH-Ⅱ也与子宫内膜容受性呈正相关?Schmidt等[13]提出,同一患者接受IVF-ET治疗,新鲜采卵周期妊娠率较冻融复苏周期低。作者认为,此现象的出现,一方面与超促排卵过程中雌激素显著升高、孕激素提前升高、雌/孕激素比例异常等因素可降低子宫内膜容受性,缩短着床窗开放时间,降低妊娠率有关;另一方面,也可能与促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)对子宫内膜的直接抑制作用有关。需要指出的是,GnRHa是近年来广泛应用于超促排卵长方案的降调药物,是天然GnRH类似物,与GnRH相比,其半衰期长,与受体亲和力强。小剂量GnRHa可对垂体产生兴奋作用。大剂量连续应用GnRHa,可使垂体GnRHR这一G蛋白偶联受体的胞质内部分自动磷酸化,受体亚单位脱偶联,受体内流,从而发挥GnRHa的“降调”功能,抑制黄体(LH)峰提前出现,并在一定程度上损害黄体功能,降低子宫内膜容受性。那么,GnRH-Ⅱ对子宫内膜容受性的影响,是否与其类似物对垂体的影响一样,在一定范围内呈剂量正相关,超过这一范围,则起到相反作用?是否可以将GnRHR-Ⅱ作为判断子宫内膜容受性的标记物?仍需进一步探讨。

[1] Thompson M D,Hendy G N,Percy M E,et al.G protein-coupled receptor mutations and human genetic disease[J].Methods Mol Biol,2014,1175:153-187.

[2] Roch G J,Busby E R,Sherwood N M.GnRH receptors and peptides:skating backward[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,2014,209:118-134.

[3] Basaran Y,Bolu E,Unal H U,et al.Multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification analysis of KAL1,GnRH-Ⅰ,Gn-RHR,PROK2,PROKR2in male patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism[J].Endokrynol Pol,2014,64(4):285-292.

[4] Gianetti E,Hall J E,Au M G,et al.When genetic load does not correlate with phenotypic S-Pectrum:lessons from the GnRH receptor[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2012,96(9): E1798-E1807.

[5] Laitinen E M,Tommiska J,Sane T,et al.Reversible congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients with CHD7, FGFR1or GNRHR mutations[J].PLoS One,2012,7(6): e39450.

[6] McArdle C A.Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling:biased and unbiased[J].Mini Rev Med Chem,2012,12(9):841-850.

[7] 高江曼,于洋,乔杰,等.促性腺激素释放激素在女性生殖系统的分布与作用[J].生殖与避孕,2013,33(5):338-342,359.

[8] Yamashita H,Otsuki Y,Ito Y,et al.Fas ligand,Fas antigen and Bcl-2expression in human endometrium during the menstral cycle[J].Mol Hum Reprod,1999,5(4):358-364.

[9] Raga F,CasañE M,Kruessel J S,et al.Quantitative gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression and immunohistochemical localization in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle[J].Biol Reprod,1998,59(3):661-669.

[10] Dong K W,Marcelin K,Hsu M I,et al.Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)gene in human uterine endometrial tissue[J].Mol Hum Reprod,1998,4(9):893-898.

[11] Borroni R,Di Blasio A M,Gaffuri B,et al.Expression of Gn-RH receptor gene in human ectopic endometrial cells and inhibition of their proliferation by leuprolide acetate[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,2000,159(122):37-43.

[12] Cheon K W,Lee H S,Parhar I S,et al.Expression of the second isoform of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone(GnRH-Ⅱ)in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle[J].Mol Hum Reprod,2001,7(5):447-452.

[13] Schmidt C L,de Ziegler D,Gagliardi C L,et al.Transfer of cryopreserved-thawed embryos:the natural cycle versus controlled preparation of the endometrium with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and exogenous estradiol and progesterone(GEEP)[J].Fertil Steril,1989,52(4):609-616.

(2015-01-28 收稿)

Expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin Human Endometria

Xiao Nan,Zhao Hua,Yin Li△et al
Reproductive Medicine Center,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China

Objective To investigate the distribution and expression variation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-Ⅱ(GnRHR-Ⅱ)in human endometria,and to evaluate the relationship between GnRHR-Ⅱand endometrial receptivity.Methods Endometrial tissues were obtained by diagnostic curettage from 106patients who had normal menstration cycle and underwent hysteroscopy and laparoscopy due to tubal factor infertility.There were 54cases of proliferative endometria and 52cases of secretory endometria.The expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin proliferative endometrial stromal cells,proliferative endometrial glandular epithelia,secretory endometrial stromal cells and secretory glanduar epithelia was detected by immunohistochemical staining(SP method).The results were quantitatively scored according to the intensity and positive rate of the expression.Independent samples t-test was carried out by using SPSS 17.0. Results GnRHR-Ⅱwas expressed in endometrial tissues in both proliferative phase and secretory phase.During the proliferative phase,GnRHR-Ⅱwas mainly distributed in stromal cells.The expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin stromal cells was significantly higher than that in glandular cells in the proliferative phase with difference being statistically significant(P<0.01).In the secretory phase,GnRHR-Ⅱwas mainly distributed in the glandular epithelia.The expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin glandular cells was significantly higher than in that of stromal cells.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Endometrial tissues had a significantly higher expression of GnRHR-Ⅱin stromal cells in proliferative phase than in secretory phase(P<0.01).By contrast,GnRHR-Ⅱwas profoundly increased in glandular cells in secretory phase when compared with those in proliferative phase.Conclusion The change pattern of the distribution and expression of GnRHR-Ⅱwas consistent with the changes of morphology,physiology and biochemistry of the endometrial tissues to fit embryo implantation,which suggested that GnRHR-Ⅱis closely associated with the endometrial receptivity.

gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-Ⅱ(GnRHR-Ⅱ); endometrium in proliferative phase; endometrium in secretory phase; stromal cells of endometrium; glandular epithelium of endometrium; endometrial receptivity

R711.6

10.3870/j.issn.1672-0741.2015.03.014

*华中科技大学自主创新基金资助项目(No.2014ZHYX008)

肖 楠,女,1985年生,博士研究生,E-mail:314784810@qq.com

△通讯作者,Corresponding author,E-mail:colei@sina.com(殷莉),ljin@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn(靳镭)

猜你喜欢
月经周期上皮免疫组化
夏枯草水提液对实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎的治疗作用及机制研究
女性怎么知道自己即将绝经
女性经期出现3种情况可能是早衰了
婴幼儿原始黏液样间叶性肿瘤一例及文献复习
结直肠癌组织中SOX9与RUNX1表达及其临床意义
子宫瘢痕妊娠的病理免疫组化特点分析
CXXC指蛋白5在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义
月经周期短,绝经就会提前吗
50例面颈部钙化上皮瘤误诊分析
卵巢上皮性癌组织中PITX2和β-catenin蛋白的表达