话题19. 世界和环境

陈光伟

一、相关短语

1. develop renewable resources发展可再生资源

2. deal with rubbish properly正确处理垃圾

3. start out small从小事做起

4. have a considerable effect on对……有极大的影响

5. expand abroad对外扩张

6. achieve the highest growth实现最大化发展

7. intercultural communication跨文化交际

8. rich cultural blend丰富多彩的文化交融

9. unity and diversity统一性和多样性

10. foreign policy外交政策

11. eco-friendly products 生态友好的产品

12. international relations国际关系

13. foreign affairs外交事务

14. environmentally friendly环保的

15. at home and abroad国内外

16. with the arrival of globalization of economy随着全球化经济的到来

17. under the influence of the trend of globalization在全球化大潮的影响下

18. enhance/raise public awareness of environmental protection加强/提高公众的环保意识

二、必备句型

1. It is high time for us to take measures to protect the environment.我们应该采取行动来保护环境。

2. The advantages outweigh its disadvantages.利大于弊。

3. It takes many years to grow a tree but a day to cut it down. 砍树容易种树难。

4. The world is no longer what it used to be. 世界不再是过去那样子了。

5. A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春。

6. Globalization makes the world smaller like a village where villagers have more opportunities to admire the beauty of other cultures. 全球化促成了地球村，让人们更有机会欣赏不同文化之美。

三、典型例题

例题一：基础写作

[写作内容]

请写一篇短文介绍新西兰，内容包括：

位置：太平洋西南部，澳大利亚东面约1，500公里处

领土：包括北岛和南岛，以及附近大量小岛

人口：约450万

历史：曾经是英国殖民地

经济：现在以农牧业为主的发达国家，世界上最大的羊毛及羊肉输出国

其他：世界上第一个给予妇女选举权的国家

评价：无与伦比的美丽，被称为地球上最后一片净土

参考词汇：殖民地colony 农牧业agriculture and farming 羊肉mutton

[过程指导]

第一步，认真审题。

1. 审文体：介绍国家，是________文。

2. 审时态：以_______________为主。

3. 审人称：以第______人称为主。

4. 审要点：认真看看方框内外的信息，以便分组规划。

第二步，信息分组。

根据各信息点之间的逻辑顺序等将信息点分为5组，以便用5个句子来表达。（在题中用笔圈出即可）

第三步，信息表达。

以上每组信息点用一个英语句子来表达，必要时添加恰当的主语等成分，使句子结构完整。

第四步，连句成篇。

将以上5个句子合并成一篇连贯的短文，必要时添加适当的过渡衔接词。

第五步，检查核对。

第六步，规范誊写。

例题二：读写任务

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has Changed many physical features of the earth. Man has also Changed the face of the earth by cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.

However， mans changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today， pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhaust of motor vehicles. Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside. The pollution of water is equally harmful. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.

Now environmental protection is more pressing than ever before. As we know， massive destruction of environment poses a great threat to mans existence. Indifference to these problems will mean committing suicide. Therefore， effective measures should be taken and laws should be passed to conserve environment. Otherwise， man is certain to suffer from the serious consequences caused by this lack of care for his living surroundings.

[写作内容]

1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点；

2. 然后以约120个词就“保护地球环境”发表看法，要点包括：

（1）请举例描述身边为了经济利益而不顾环保的现象；

（2）你对这种行为的看法；

（3）从学生的角度对环保提出建议。

[过程指导]

写概要

1. 分析文体类别：阅读材料为现象类说明文，作者首先指出一种社会现象，接着分析产生这种现象的原因（第一段），然后重点阐述这种现象所带来的危害（第二段），最后提出呼吁（第三段结论句）。

2. 找出关键词句：写概要前，应在文中找出并标明以下关键句或关键词：

社会现象：____________________________（第一段）

分析危害：____________________________（第二段）

作者呼吁：____________________________（第三段）

3. 组合关键词句：

谈想法

要点⑴：首先写出主题句：我身边有为了经济利益而不顾环保的现象。然后举例说明这种现象：快餐店经常乱扔食品塑料袋和包装盒。

要点⑵：首先写出主题句：我不认可这种现象。然后提出你的观点：我认为发展经济不应以牺牲环境为代价。

要点⑶：首先写出主题句：我从学生的角度对环保提出以下建议。然后再提出具体的建议：节约水电，少用一次性餐筷，绿色出行。

根据以上提示，完成自己的写作：

四、摸拟演练

练习一：基础写作

全球化（globalization）作为一个在世界范围日益凸现的现象，逐渐引起了人们的思考。你班对此进行了一次讨论。

[写作内容]

请根据以下讨论情况，写一篇英语短文。

反对的理由：

（1）加大了贫富差距，引起社会冲突；

（2）发达国家在规矩制定方面较发展中国家更占优势。

赞成的理由：

（1）为每一个国家或地区提供了更大的市场；

（2）发展中国家能吸引更多的国外投资，加速自身发展；

（3）地球村让文化交流更无障碍。

你的看法：

我们不能否认，应该接受全球化进程。

Our class have had a discussion on the topic “globalization”， and opinions vary from person to person. ...

练习二：读写任务

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

BEIJING， April 4 （Xinhua） -- An empty Ferroro chocolate box doesnt have much use to most people. But a group of Chinese teens has used the box to craft musical instruments， giving their waste a new purpose.

Ming Yue， a student at the Beijing No. 214 Middle School， is one of the students responsible. She and the rest of the students have made dozens of musical instruments out of ordinary trash as part of a class offered at their school. The chocolate box was used to make a pipa， a traditional Chinese musical instrument. Not satisfied with simply crafting their works， the students are also showing a willingness to learn how to play the environmentally friendly instruments. Ming and some other students have even formed a band.

Mings band is not the only group to use instruments made out of refuse. The Beijing No. 5 Middle School also has a so-called “low-carbon band.” The band played at an international energy-saving and emission-reduction expo in 2009， where they were encouraged by former President Hu Jintao.

The studentsefforts to promote environmental awareness and reduce their own carbon footprint have been praised.

[写作内容]

1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；

2. 然后以约120个词就“投身环保”发表看法，内容包括：

（1）谈谈上述学生行为的意义；

（2）学生个人应当如何投身环保；

（3）从政府的角度对环保提出建议。

（作者单位：广东实验中学）