话题12. 饮食

杨华新

一、相关短语

1. be high / rich in fiber 高纤维

2. be low in fat低脂肪

3. be lacking in nutrition 缺乏营养

4. be particular about food 挑食

5. be closely related to health与健康息息相关

6. do harm/ damage to physical health有害身体健康

7. food poisoning食物中毒

8. recover from illness 病情好转

9. keep a balanced / healthy diet 保持均衡/健康饮食

10. go on a diet / be on a diet 节食

11. lose weight/take off weight减肥

12. cut down body fat 削减脂肪

13. put on /gain weight 增肥

14. make up ones mind to do sth.下定决心做某事

15. aim at keeping slim 旨在保持身材苗条

16. skip breakfast 不吃早餐

17. eat excessively过量地吃

18. take an order点菜

19. take in / absorb nutrition 吸收营养

20. a variety of fast food 各种各样的快餐

21. attach importance to food quality注重食品质量

22. pay more attention to your diet更加注意你的饮食

23. develop / form healthy eating habits养成健康的饮食习惯

24. guarantee the safety of food 保障食品安全

25. regardless of othershealth不为他人的健康着想

26. have a positive effect on 对……有积极的影响

27. be dying /eager to do sth. 渴望做某事

28. be favored by受到……的青睐

29. be popular with 受到……的欢迎

30. turn a blind eye to对……视而不见

31. take severe measures to do sth.采取严厉措施做某事

二、必备句型

1. Its high time that we stayed away from junk food and led a healthy life. 我们是时候远离垃圾食品，过上健康的生活了。

2. Only when we are particular about food can we prevent ourselves from falling ill.讲究饮食，我们才能预防自己患病。

3. The issue of unsafe food has aroused public concern and caused a heated discussion.食物不安全事件引发了公众的关注和激烈的讨论。

4. Its proposed that laws should be made to severely punish the illegal producers and sellers of inferior food.建议立法来严惩那些制造劣质食品的厂家和销售者。

5. The local government needs to strengthen the management and raise the awareness of food safety among all the citizens.当地政府需要加强管理和提高市民的食品安全意识。

三、典型例题

例题一：基础写作

[写作内容]

请你写一篇介绍白茶的英语短文，内容包括：

品 名：白茶

类 属：中国六大茶类之一

名字由来：因呈银白色而得名

主要产地：福建、台湾

历 史：最早出现于北宋

特 点：形如银针，外形优美，口感甘甜；年份越久，功效越好

功 效：常饮会有益健康，可预防高血压等疾病，还可以辅助治疗牙痛和发烧

[过程指导]

第一步，认真审题。

1. 审文体：介绍物品，是_______________文。

2. 审时态：以_______________为主。

3. 审人称：以第______人称为主。

4. 审要点：认真看看方框内外的信息，以便分组规划。

第二步，信息分组。

根据各信息点之间的逻辑顺序等将信息点分为5组，以便用5个句子来表达。（在题中用笔圈出即可）

第三步，信息表达。

以上每组信息点用一个英语句子来表达，必要时添加恰当的主语等成分，使句子结构完整。

第四步，连句成篇。

将以上5个句子合并成一篇连贯的短文，必要时添加适当的过渡衔接词。

第五步，检查核对。

第六步，规范誊写。

例题二：读写任务

阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

A sufficient energy intake is important for children while they are growing， and a diverse and nutritious diet is essential for their growth. However， like adults， if they take in more energy - in the form of food -than they use up， the extra energy is stored in their bodies as fat.

The number of overweight and obese children has risen steadily over the past 20 years. By 2024 it is estimated that 24 percent of boys and 27 percent of girls aged 2 to 15 will be obese.

Overweight children are twice as likely to be obese when they grow up as children who arent overweight. This means that in adulthood， they will be at an increased risk of high blood pressure， heart attacks， stokes， diabetes， osteoarthritis（骨关节炎） and certain cancers. The more overweight you become， the higher risk of suffering health problems you will get.

Apart from being a risk to childrens health， being overweight as a child may also cause emotional problems. Teasing about his or her appearance can affect a child's confidence and self-esteem， and can lead to isolation and depression.

[写作内容]

1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点；

2. 以约120个词就“儿童肥胖症”发表看法，内容包括：

（1）儿童肥胖的主要原因；

（2）儿童肥胖带来的负面影响；

（3）为了预防儿童肥胖，家长在饮食方面应注意哪些问题？

[过程指导]

写概要

1. 分析文体类别：阅读材料为现象类说明文，作者首先分析这种社会现象的原因，然后指出这种现象的发展趋势，最后列举这种现象对儿童造成的危害和影响。

2. 找出关键词句：写概要前，应在文中找出并标明以下关键句或关键词：

分析原因：____________________________（第一段）

发展趋势：____________________________（第二段）

列举危害： （第三、四段）

3. 组合关键词句：

谈看法

要点⑴：首先写出主题句：导致儿童肥胖主要有以下原因。然后列举种种原因：不注重饮食均衡，经常吃垃圾食品和其它高热量的食物，缺少运动等。

要点⑵：首先写出主题句：肥胖给儿童带来诸多负面影响。然后列举这些影响：行动不便，容易疲惫；影响形象，打击自信心，易产生自卑感；可能引发各种疾病等。

要点⑶：首先写出主题句：为了预防肥胖儿童，家长在饮食方面应做到以下几点。然后进一步列举做法：建议小孩不吃零食和油炸食品；限制孩子吃高脂肪食品和糖果、糕点，少吃肥肉；避免小孩过量进食；应多吃蔬菜和水果以及适当增加含纤维素的食品，等等。

根据以上提示，完成自己的写作：

四、摸拟演练

练习一：基础写作

你班上周开展了一次话题讨论。

[写作内容]

请写一篇英语短文介绍讨论情况，内容包括：

时间：上周三 人员：全班同学 话题：快餐的利与弊

利：

（1）方便、省时和经济，适合忙碌没空做饭的人群；

（2）种类多样，味道可口，尤其受到少年儿童的青睐。

弊：

是垃圾食品，缺乏营养，不利健康；

油腻，高脂肪，容易导致肥胖。

结论：讲究饮食，少吃快餐

Last Wednesday our class had a heated discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of fast food. ...

练习二：读写任务

阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Last month， I witnessed a food poisoning accident occurring to my roommates. At that time the circumstance was really dangerous and urgent. Though they managed to get out of danger， this accident is still vivid in my mind as if it had happened yesterday.

That day was Julies birthday， one of my classmates. To celebrate it together， her roommates purchased a big birthday cake for her in a supermarket nearby. They divided the cake into pieces and shared them enjoyably. However， it was not long before they all felt sick and dizzy， suffering sharp stomachache. Some even fainted onto the floor. Noticing what'd happened， we sent them to the nearest hospital for treatment in no time. It turned out that the cake they ate had already expired（过期；失效） its guarantee period. Fortunately， due to timely treatment， they all recovered gradually.

Nevertheless， the accident above leaves me a deep impression and has been deeply rooted in my memory. I think it urgent for the departments concerned to take effective steps to improve food safety and prevent similar accidents from happening again.“Prevention is better than cure”， as the saying goes. Only by taking severe measures to fight against illegal production and purchase of food and strengthen the supervision（监管） of quality can the health of consumers be guaranteed.

[写作内容]

1. 以约30词概括上文的主要内容；

2. 以约120词就“食品安全”谈谈你的看法，内容包括：

（1）你读完文章的感受；

（2）分析上述问题产生的原因并说明你的观点；

（3）就如何避免食品安全事故的发生提出相应的举措。

（作者单位：江门开平市第一中学）