董鹏飞,邓晓明
·中医·中西医结合研究·
非小细胞肺癌患者血清热休克蛋白90α的临床意义研究
董鹏飞,邓晓明
目的 了解非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血清热休克蛋白90α(HSP90α)的临床意义。方法 选取2013年1月—2014年5月,在郑州大学第一附属医院中西医结合内科、胸外科及呼吸内科接受住院治疗的NSCLC患者80例为肺癌组;另选取同时期在郑州大学第一附属医院进行体检的健康成年人30例为对照组。比较并分析两组血清HSP90α水平;比较不同肿瘤分期(TNM分期)患者血清HSP90α水平,探讨TNM分期与血清HSP90α水平的相关关系;根据中医辨证结果对肺癌组进行中医分型,比较不同中医分型患者的血清HSP90α水平。结果 对照组与肺癌组血清HSP90α水平比较,差异有统计学意义(t=16.02,P<0.05)。不同TNM分期患者的血清HSP90α水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=14.98,P=0.00);Spearman秩相关分析显示,TNM分期与血清HSP90α水平呈正相关(rs=0.42,P<0.01)。不同中医分型患者的血清HSP90α水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=4.22,P<0.01)。结论 NSCLC患者的血清HSP90α水平较健康成年人高,TNM分期较高的患者,其血清HSP90α水平也较高。血清HSP90α水平可以反映NSCLC患者正邪、虚实的转变,有望成为其中医辨证论治的客观依据,可作为NSCLC患者的肿瘤标志物,在预测疾病的发生、发展方面具有较高的临床意义。
癌,非小细胞肺;HSP90热休克蛋白质类;肿瘤分期;辨证分型
董鹏飞,邓晓明.非小细胞肺癌患者血清热休克蛋白90α的临床意义研究[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(19):2354-2356,2360.[www.chinagp.net]
Dong PF,Deng XM.Clinical significance of serum HSP90 α in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(19):2354-2356,2360.
热休克蛋白(HSPs)是机体在应激反应中产生的一种蛋白质类物质[1]。热休克蛋白90α(HSP90α)作为热休克蛋白家族的一员,已经被证实在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)[2]、胃癌[3]、胰腺癌[4]、脑胶质瘤及脑膜瘤[5]等多种肿瘤组织细胞中含量增高。以往对HSP90α的研究多集中在肿瘤组织学方面,而对NSCLC患者血清HSP90α水平临床意义的研究较少。目前,已经有许多研究表明,肿瘤患者(如肺癌、胃癌)血清HSP90α水平会特异性升高,且与肿瘤的发生、发展及预后有密切关系[6-7]。本研究对80例NSCLC患者和30例健康成年人的血清HSP90α水平进行分析,旨在探讨NSCLC患者血清HSP90α水平的临床意义。
1.2 研究方法 检测肺癌组和对照组的血清HSP90α水平,并进行比较和分析;比较不同肿瘤分期(TNM分期)患者的血清HSP90α水平,探讨TNM分期与血清HSP90α水平的相关关系;根据中医辨证结果对肺癌组进行中医分型,比较不同中医分型患者的血清HSP90α水平。
1.2.1 HSP90α检测方法 肺癌组和对照组均在清晨空腹状态下抽取静脉血3 ml;在4 ℃情况下进行离心处理,离心半径=1 cm,3 000 r/min离心20 min,取上层血清1 ml;编号后,冷冻于-80 ℃冰箱中备用。由课题组采用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附法进行HSP90α检测,试剂为上海沪宇生物有限公司生产,测定仪为Multishannk 3型全自动酶免疫测定仪,操作过程严格按照试剂说明书进行。
1.2.2 NSCLC患者的中医辨证分型 中医分型标准参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》,具体分型标准和结果见表1。
表1 NSCLC患者的中医辨证分型
2.1 肺癌组和对照组血清HSP90α水平比较 对照组的血清HSP90α水平为(61.8±30.8)μg/L,肺癌组的血清HSP90α水平为(385.4±173.5)μg/L。两组血清HSP90α水平比较,差异有统计学意义(t=16.02,P<0.05)。
2.2 血清HSP90α水平与TNM分期关系 肺癌组中TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期的患者数分别为26、32、22例,其血清HSP90α水平分别为(324.0±180.0)、(394.9±184.2)、(444.3±127.3)μg/L。不同TNM分期患者的血清HSP90α水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=14.98,P=0.00)。对TNM分期和血清HSP90α水平做Spearman秩相关分析,结果显示两者呈正相关(rs=0.42,P<0.01)。
2.3 不同中医分型患者血清HSP90α水平比较 中医分型为气虚痰湿证、气滞血瘀证、阴虚毒热证及气阴两虚证的患者数分别为17、23、19、21例,其平均血清HSP90α水平分别为(301.4±153.2)、(408.9±150.5)、(479.5±194.4)、(342.6±155.5)μg/L。不同中医分型患者的血清HSP90α水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=4.22,P<0.01)。阴虚毒热证患者与气虚痰湿证和气阴两虚证患者的血清HSP90α水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。气虚痰湿证患者与气滞血瘀证患者的血清HSP90α水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
HSP90是肿瘤组织中最为活跃的分子伴侣之一,可以比正常细胞高出2~10倍[8],主要以HSP90α为主,而HSP90 β保持不变[9-10]。现在认为肿瘤细胞内HSP90α占细胞总蛋白含量的3%~7%[11]。到目前为止,已经证明的HSP90α受体蛋白有100多种,如蛋白激酶B、人类表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)、低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、bcr-abl融合基因、Raf-1蛋白激酶及p53突变体,这些受体蛋白是重要的信号转导和细胞周期调控递质,涉及肿瘤细胞的发生和发展[11]。
肿瘤细胞中的HSP90α,不仅存在于细胞内,更重要的是可以被肿瘤细胞主动分泌到细胞外发挥作用[12-13]。主要表现在两个方面:(1)细胞外的HSP90α同细胞内的HSP90α一样,发挥分子伴侣作用;(2)细胞外的HSP90α可以促进肿瘤细胞的浸润和转移[14-18]。如细胞外的HSP90α可以通过作用于细胞表面的原癌基因Her-2[19]和金属基质蛋白酶2,促进肿瘤细胞的浸润和转移[15-16,20-21]。还有研究发现,细胞外的HSP90α可激活血纤维蛋白溶酶原,后者具有促进肿瘤细胞转移的作用[22]。不仅如此,肺癌组织细胞中的HSP90α蛋白表达与 HIF-1α蛋白表达呈正相关[2],二者的高表达可能参与了肺癌血管生成,细胞增殖、转移、侵袭等活动。HSP90α的这些生物学特点也为肿瘤的治疗提供了新的切入点,如17-烯丙胺-17-去甲氧基格尔德霉素等HSP90抑制剂的应运而生[21]。近期有研究表明,他汀类物质(3-羟基-3-戊二辅酶 A 还原酶抑制剂)通过抑制HSP90α来增强贝伐单抗在肠癌中的抗肿瘤作用[23]。
本研究对NSCLC患者和健康成年人的血清HSP90α水平进行了比较和分析,发现NSCLC患者的血清HSP90α水平较健康成年人高。不同TNM分期患者的血清HSP90α水平比较,差异有统计学意义。且TNM分期与血清HSP90α水平呈正相关,分期较高的患者,其血清HSP90α水平也较高。
中医认为正虚是肺癌发生的病机,痰瘀毒结是其主要病理表现,正虚邪实是其发病的根本原因,也是复发和转移的关键。患者正气不足,气血阴阳失调,脏腑经络功能紊乱,导致邪气趁虚而入,体内水湿停滞,聚集成痰,或热毒灼津,煎液成痰;气血运行不畅,血流淤滞,瘀血内停或痰湿内停,痰湿血瘀互结于肺而形成肺癌。到肿瘤晚期,因耗伤精气、邪毒亢进,多表现为全身正气虚衰、局部邪实,患者虚实并重,肿瘤细胞极速扩散、转移,负荷较大,HSP90α大量分泌。研究过程中课题组观察到NSCLC患者在初期正虚和邪实都比较弱,多表现为气短乏力、咳嗽少痰、自汗盗汗,随着痰浊、瘀血互结逐渐加重,病情逐渐向邪实方向发展,出现烦躁不安、气短乏力、咳嗽、痰黏色黄、气喘息粗及其他虚实夹杂表现。本研究结果显示,阴虚毒热证患者的血清HSP90α水平较气虚痰湿证和气阴两虚证患者高,气虚痰湿证患者的血清HSP90α水平较气滞血瘀证患者低,提示HSP90α水平变化与中医证型变化之间可能存在一定规律。
目前,中医治疗肺癌的准则主要有两种,以辨证论治为主和辨证与辨病相结合。但中医辨证论治在肿瘤疾病的应用难以全面反映出多数群体病例的共同诊治规律。甚至存在无证可辨,有证可辨但辨而有误等现象。现代循证医学的发展为中医辨证论治提供了很好的发展模式,在搜集四诊资料的同时,结合现代实验室检查(如肿瘤标志物、免疫学指标等)进行中医辨证论治,是有益的尝试和探索[24]。本研究样本量较小,各证型患者较少,故血清HSP90α水平与中医证型的关系有待进一步的研究。另外,血清HSP90α与其他肿瘤标志物联合应用,以提高中医辨证客观性和准确性的研究方向也具有较高临床价值。
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(本文编辑:王凤微)
Clinical Significance of Serum HSP90 α in Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer
DONGPeng-fei,DENGXiao-ming.
DepartmentofIntegrativeChineseandWesternMedicine,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofZhengzhouUniversity,Zhengzhou450052,China
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum HSP90 α in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.Methods We enrolled 80 patients with NSCLC who were admitted into TCM and WM internal medicine department,chest surgery department and respiratory department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and assigned them into lung cancer group.And another 30 healthy adults were enrolled in the same hospital and time period as the control group.Serum HSP90 α was compared between the two groups and among patients in different TNM stages.The correlativity between TNM staging and serum HSP90 α were investigated.The subjects of lung cancer group were classified according to TCM classification standards,and patients of different TCM types were compared by serum HSP90 α level.Results Control group and lung cancer group were significantly different(t=16.02,P<0.05) in serum HSP90 α.Patients in different TNM stages were significantly different(F=14.98,P=0.00)in serum HSP90 α.The Spearman rank sum test showed that TNM staging and serum HSP90 α level were positively correlated(rs=0.42,P<0.01) with each other.Patients with different TCM types were significantly different(F=4.22,P<0.01) in serum HSP90 α level.Conclusion NSCLC patients are higher than healthy adults in serum HSP90 α level.Higher TNM staging causes higher serum HSP90 α level.Since serum HSP90 α level can be an indicator of the change between vital energy and evil qi and between deficiency and excess,it is expected to be an objective basis of TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation and be taken as a marker of tumor in NSCLC patients.Serum HSP90 α level has a great clinical importance in the prediction of the occurrence and development of NSCLC.
Carcinoma,non-small-cell lung;HSP90 heat-shock proteins;Neoplasm staging;Syndrome differ classification
450052 河南省郑州市,郑州大学第一附属医院中西医结合内科
邓晓明,450002 河南省郑州市,郑州大学第一附属医院中西医结合内科;E-mail:hndengxiaoming@126.com
R 730.26
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.19.026
2015-03-02;
2015-05-05)