重庆经济外向度接近50% 居全国第八

□ 文/本刊记者 曾睿

2014年，重庆GDP增速领跑全国，外贸进出口总值居西部第一、全国第十。今年上半年，重庆继续保持这一势头。重庆不沿边不靠海，却悄然间从内陆腹地站上了开放高地——经济外向度接近50%，比肩沿海省市，列全国第八。

经济外向度是一个地区对外开放的最主要指标，在我国沿海地区，这一指标的平均水平早已跨过50%，部分城市甚至高达100%以上，近年来，随着国内消费市场的不断开拓，虽然全国的平均水平有所回落，2013年的公开数据为46%，一般认为2014年这一数字也仍然保持在40%以上。但深处内陆的广大中国中西部地区的大多数省区仍然和这一平均水平有较大差距，重庆能够达到经济外向度接近50%的成绩非常难得，这是多年以来重庆全力加强对外开放、发展外向型经济多年积累成绩的体现，也是重庆打造内陆开放高地取得的重要成果。

6月26日，“渝新欧”铁路班列，由西向东跨越万里，首次从欧洲带着跨境电商货物回到重庆。在重庆西永综合保税区货场上，摆成一排的集装箱里，德国进口的净水壶摆得满满当当。“空运运费太贵，走铁路14天就到了，性价比最高。”货主表示。重庆人感慨：“重庆与欧洲从来没这么近过。”2014年，“渝新欧”共开行130班列车，出口货源六成来自其它省市区。作为长江上游集装箱主枢纽港，重庆寸滩港的集装箱吞吐量近几年都是两位数增长，2015年上半年外贸箱所占比例从往年的54.5%上升到了79.2%。

为支持重庆外向型经济的全面发展，重庆海关、重庆出入境检验检疫局都纷纷出台对应的配套政策，为重庆保持高外向度做出了积极贡献：重庆海关率先推出跨境电商B账册的管理模式，实现商品按行邮的属性进行分类监管。海关单日订单包裹验放量由过去的数千票跃升至数十万票，企业出仓包裹物流速度大大加快。这项改革6月15日上线，目前已有85家跨境电商企业与重庆海关对接；重庆出入境检验检疫局向西，为支持“渝新欧”，加强与丝绸之路经济带沿线国家的检验检疫政策对接，与新疆、上海、深圳、广东、广西、云南等6省市检验检疫机构签署直通放行协议，“渝新欧”货物检验检疫通关时间由2—3天缩短为4个小时；向东，协调上海、江苏、湖北等12省市检验检疫部门出台长江经济带检验检疫一体化措施，试点实施“进口直通、出口直放”一体化通关模式。试运行一个月以来，每批货物节约物流时间1—2天，企业物流成本降低10%。为促进贸易便利化，重庆海关与重庆检验检疫在重庆铁路、航空、水运口岸全面推行“一次申报、一次查验、一次放行”。

“渝新欧”龙门吊 摄影：刘汪洋

In 2014,Chongqing took the lead in national GDP growth,ranking the No.1 in the west and No.10 in the nation in terms of import and export gross of foreign trade.In the first half of this year,Chongqing continues to maintain this favorable momentum.In spite of the disadvantage of no bordering with the sea,it quietly stands out from the interior on the open highland with economic extroversion close to 50%,as the coastal provinces and cities,ranking the eighth in national column.

Economic extroversion is the main index for a region’s opening to the outside.The index in coastal areas of our country has already exceeded 50%,even as high as over 100% in some cities.In recent years,along with the continuous expand of the domestic consumption market,the open data about the index was 46% in 2013 and it was generally believed that figure also remained at more than 40% in 2014,although the national average fell back.But even so,most inland provinces in the middle western still have a big gap with the average level so it is very rare for Chongqing to achieve economic extroversion to near 50%,which is the embodiment of Chongqing’s accumulative progress in opening up and developing export-oriented economy with its full efforts,as well as significant achievements of creating a open highland in inland.

On June 26,“Chongqing-Xinjiang –Europe”block trains returned Chongqing with goods of cross-border e-commerce across the miles from the west to east for the first time.In the freight yard of Chongqing comprehensive free trade zone,net kettles imported from Germany are rowed in and full of containers."The air freight is too expensive,but it just takes 14 days by train which is the highest in cost performance.”said the owner,and the Chongqing people sigh with emotion: “It’s never so close between Chongqing and Europe.”In 2014,the line of “Chongqing-Xinjiang–Europe”Railway runs 130 trains,with sixty percent export commodity from other provinces.As the pivotal port of containers in the upper Yangtze River,Cuntan Port have achieved a double-digit growth of cargo handling capacity of containers in recent years and the proportion of foreign trading containers in the first half of 2015 rose to 79.2% from 54.5% in previous years.

To support the full development of export-oriented economy in Chongqing,Chongqing Customs,Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau have all implemented corresponding supporting policies and made positive contributions to maintain high extroverted degree of Chongqing: Chongqing Customs first launch a management mode of B books in cross-border e-commerce and implement the classification regulation to goods based on their the property of the mail.In addition,the amount of daily order packages that shall be checked by customs leaps to hundreds of thousands from the thousand,which will accelerate logistics out of the warehouse dramatically.The reform is carried out on June 15,and now there are 85 cross-border e-commerce enterprises are trying to dock with the Chongqing customs;in the eastward,Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau support the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”railway line,strengthen the connection with inspection and quarantine policies in countries along the silk road economic belt,and has signed direct release agreement with inspection and quarantine institutions in six provinces like Xinjiang,Shanghai,Shenzhen,Guangdong,Guangxi and Yunnan and thus clearance time of inspection and quarantine to the goods carried by “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”Railway trains reduces to four hours from 2 to 3 days;in the westward,the bureau takes a series of measures of inspection and quarantine integration along the Yangtze River Economic Belt by coordinating with 12 provinces and cities such as Shanghai,Jiangsu and Hubei to take pilot of integrated customs clearance mode of “straight in import and let go of export”.Over the trial run for a month,the logistic time of every batch of goods saves 1 to 2 days and costs of enterprises’logistics reduce by 10%.In order to promote trade facilitation,Chongqing Customs and Chongqing Inspection and Quarantine Bureau work together to fully implement the policy of “one declaration,one inspection and one release”in Chongqing railway,aviation,water transport port.