在线净化—超高效液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中硝基咪唑类及其代谢物的残留

2014-12-18 09:23张璐等
分析化学 2014年12期
关键词:咪唑代谢物质谱法

张璐等

摘 要 建立了在线净化(TurboFlow, TF)超高效液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中硝基咪唑类及其代谢物(甲硝唑,羟基甲硝唑,二甲硝咪唑,羟基二甲硝咪唑,洛硝哒唑,异并硝唑,羟基异并硝唑,奥硝唑)的方法。以0.1%甲酸溶解样品后,进入TF超高效液相色谱串联质谱系统分析,以内标法定量。对影响净化的条件如TF净化柱、流动相、洗脱溶液等进行优化。

1 引 言

硝基咪唑类(Nitroimidazoles, NMZs)药物是一类含有5位硝基取代咪唑杂环的化合物,主要包括甲硝唑(Metronidazole,MNZ)、羟基甲硝唑(1(2hydroxyethyl)2hydroxymethyl5nitroimidazol,MNZOH)、二甲硝咪唑(Dimetridazloe,DMZ)、羟基二甲硝咪唑(2Hydroxymethyl1methyl5nitroimidazole,HMMNI)、洛硝哒唑(Ronidazole,RNZ)、异并硝唑(Ipronidazole,IPZ)、羟基异并硝唑(IpronidazoleOH,IPZOH)、奥硝唑(Ornidazole),该类药物作为饲料添加剂应用于畜牧业生产中。硝基咪唑类药物因疗效明显且价格低,被许多蜂农用于预防和控制蜜蜂孢子虫病[1],造成该类药物在蜂蜜中残留。由于该类药物具有致癌性、致突变性,许多国家及地区已禁止该类药物用于食源性食物,我国已于2002年禁止该药物的使用[2]。另外,硝基咪唑代谢物在动物体内比原药维持时间长[3], 以二甲硝咪唑为例,在给家禽喂药2 d后,肌肉组织中未检出原药残留,1 d后在蛋中检测到其代谢物。因此,硝基咪唑类药物的代谢产物的检测备受关注[4,5]。

硝基咪唑类药物及代谢物的检测方法主要有高效液相色谱法[6,7]、液相色谱质谱或串联质谱法[8~10]、气相色谱质谱法[11]、毛细管电泳法[12]、胶束电动色谱法[13]等。这些方法均需要对样品进行大量前处理。一般多采用液液萃取法[9,14]、固相萃取法[15~17]等,尽管上述方法对药物残留均可起到净化效果,但费时费力。与传统的提取方法相比,在线净化(TF)技术通过扩散溶解、尺寸排阻、柱层析等技术将蛋白等一些大分子物质滤掉,保留目标小分子; 并通过与串联质谱联用,简化前处理流程、在实现在线净化功能的同时保证了方法的检测灵敏度。目前利用该技术已建立了牛奶中孕激素[18]、动物源食品中金刚烷胺[19]、水果中农药残留[20]以及环境水中磺胺类[21]、皮质类固醇[22]、苯并三唑类化合物[23]的检测方法。但还未见利用此技术研究蜂蜜中硝基咪唑及其代谢物的检测方法。本研究利用TFUPLCMS/MS系统建立了蜂蜜中硝基咪唑及其代谢物残留量的检测方法。本方法简便、快速、结果准确可靠,并成功应用于本实验室日常检测工作。

2 实验部分

2.1 仪器、试剂与材料

Transcend1在线净化系统(美国ThermoFisher 公司),配有TSQ Vantage三重四极杆质谱仪; 离心机(美国Sigma公司); GeNius 3多功能涡旋器(德国IKA公司); Milli1 advantage A10/Elixs超纯水净化系统(美国Millipore公司)。

MNZ,DMZ,RNZ,IPZ,IPZOH(纯度>98%,德国Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH公司); MNZOH,HMMNI,DMZd3,HMMNId3,IPZOHd3(纯度>97%,德国Witega公司),奥硝唑(纯度>98%,SigmaAldrich公司)。乙腈(HPLC级,美国ThermoFisher公司),甲酸(HPLC级,上海安普公司)。实验用水为超纯水(18.2 MΩ cm)。

2.2 溶液配制

标准溶液的配制: 分别准确称取MNZ,DMZ,RNZ,IPZ,IPZOH,MNZOH,HMMNI,DMZd3,HMMNId3,IPZOHd3和奥硝唑各10 mg,用甲醇溶解并定容至10 mL棕色容量瓶中,配制成1.0 g/L的标准储备液,4 ℃下保存。

3.5 实际样品分析

采用本方法对30批蜂蜜中的硝基咪唑及代谢物残留进行测定。每批样品从称样到检测完毕只需15 min。与传统固相萃取LCMS/MS检测相比,样品分析时间大大缩减。

实际检测结果显示,在1批蜂蜜中检出DMZ,含量为0.98 μg/kg。其余29批蜂蜜样品中硝基咪唑及代谢物均未检出。

4 结 论

建立了在线净化超高效液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中硝基咪唑类及其代谢物残留的方法。样品经溶解离心后的上清液无需复杂的前处理过程即可直接进样。与常规方法比较,本方法快速、简便、方便,提高了工作效率,降低了样品的分析成本。本方法的灵敏度高,稳定性好,能很好地应用于蜂蜜中硝基咪唑类及其代谢物残留的检测。

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14 GB/T 234102009, Determination of Residues of Nitroimidazoles and Their Metabolites in HoneyLCMS/MS Method. National Standard of the People′s Republic of China.

蜂蜜中硝基咪唑类药物及其代谢物残留量的测定液相色谱质谱质谱法. 中华人民共和国国家标准. GB/T 234102009

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21 GarcíaGaln M J, DíazCruz M S, Barceló D. Talanta, 2010, 81: 355-366

22 Fayad P B, Prévost M, Sauvé S. Talanta, 2013, 115: 349-360

23 Liu R Z, Ruan T, Wang T, Song S J, Guo F, Jiang G B. Talanta, 2014, 120: 158-160

Determination of Nitroimidazoles and Their Metabolites Residues in

Honey by TurboFlow Online PurificationUltra Performance Liquid

ChromatographyTandem Mass Sepctrometry

and Istopes Dilution Technique

ZHANG Lu*1, KONG XiangHong1, WANG Han1, LI JianHua, HE Qiang1, XU NiuSheng2

1(Shannxi EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xi′an 710038, China)

2(Thermo Fisher Scientific (China), Shanghai 201206, China)

Abstract A TurboFlow (TF) online purificationultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites (ornidazole, IPZ, MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ, IPZOH and HMMNI) in honey. The honey sample was extracted by H2O containing 0.1% formic acid solution. Then, the extraction solution was analyzed by TFUPLCMS/MS. The main factors influencing the purification efficiency including TF column, mobile phases and elution solutions were optimized. The compounds were detected by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) in positive ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI+). The linear range of the method ranged from 0.1 to 50 μg/L for nitroimidazoles and their metabolites, with the correlation coefficient (R2) of over 0.997. The limits of quantification were 0.1 μg/kg for ornidazole, IPZ, 0.2 μg/kg for MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ and IPZOH, and 1.0 μg/kg for HMMNI, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 73.7% to 116.4% at four spiked levels with the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.1% to 9.1% in honey samples. The results indicate that the developed method is simple, efficient and precise, and can be used for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites in the actual honey samples.

Keywords TurboFlowultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry; Nitroimidazoles and metabolites; Honey

(Received 9 September 2014; accepted 10 October 2014)

21 GarcíaGaln M J, DíazCruz M S, Barceló D. Talanta, 2010, 81: 355-366

22 Fayad P B, Prévost M, Sauvé S. Talanta, 2013, 115: 349-360

23 Liu R Z, Ruan T, Wang T, Song S J, Guo F, Jiang G B. Talanta, 2014, 120: 158-160

Determination of Nitroimidazoles and Their Metabolites Residues in

Honey by TurboFlow Online PurificationUltra Performance Liquid

ChromatographyTandem Mass Sepctrometry

and Istopes Dilution Technique

ZHANG Lu*1, KONG XiangHong1, WANG Han1, LI JianHua, HE Qiang1, XU NiuSheng2

1(Shannxi EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xi′an 710038, China)

2(Thermo Fisher Scientific (China), Shanghai 201206, China)

Abstract A TurboFlow (TF) online purificationultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites (ornidazole, IPZ, MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ, IPZOH and HMMNI) in honey. The honey sample was extracted by H2O containing 0.1% formic acid solution. Then, the extraction solution was analyzed by TFUPLCMS/MS. The main factors influencing the purification efficiency including TF column, mobile phases and elution solutions were optimized. The compounds were detected by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) in positive ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI+). The linear range of the method ranged from 0.1 to 50 μg/L for nitroimidazoles and their metabolites, with the correlation coefficient (R2) of over 0.997. The limits of quantification were 0.1 μg/kg for ornidazole, IPZ, 0.2 μg/kg for MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ and IPZOH, and 1.0 μg/kg for HMMNI, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 73.7% to 116.4% at four spiked levels with the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.1% to 9.1% in honey samples. The results indicate that the developed method is simple, efficient and precise, and can be used for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites in the actual honey samples.

Keywords TurboFlowultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry; Nitroimidazoles and metabolites; Honey

(Received 9 September 2014; accepted 10 October 2014)

21 GarcíaGaln M J, DíazCruz M S, Barceló D. Talanta, 2010, 81: 355-366

22 Fayad P B, Prévost M, Sauvé S. Talanta, 2013, 115: 349-360

23 Liu R Z, Ruan T, Wang T, Song S J, Guo F, Jiang G B. Talanta, 2014, 120: 158-160

Determination of Nitroimidazoles and Their Metabolites Residues in

Honey by TurboFlow Online PurificationUltra Performance Liquid

ChromatographyTandem Mass Sepctrometry

and Istopes Dilution Technique

ZHANG Lu*1, KONG XiangHong1, WANG Han1, LI JianHua, HE Qiang1, XU NiuSheng2

1(Shannxi EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xi′an 710038, China)

2(Thermo Fisher Scientific (China), Shanghai 201206, China)

Abstract A TurboFlow (TF) online purificationultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites (ornidazole, IPZ, MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ, IPZOH and HMMNI) in honey. The honey sample was extracted by H2O containing 0.1% formic acid solution. Then, the extraction solution was analyzed by TFUPLCMS/MS. The main factors influencing the purification efficiency including TF column, mobile phases and elution solutions were optimized. The compounds were detected by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) in positive ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI+). The linear range of the method ranged from 0.1 to 50 μg/L for nitroimidazoles and their metabolites, with the correlation coefficient (R2) of over 0.997. The limits of quantification were 0.1 μg/kg for ornidazole, IPZ, 0.2 μg/kg for MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ and IPZOH, and 1.0 μg/kg for HMMNI, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 73.7% to 116.4% at four spiked levels with the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.1% to 9.1% in honey samples. The results indicate that the developed method is simple, efficient and precise, and can be used for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites in the actual honey samples.

Keywords TurboFlowultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry; Nitroimidazoles and metabolites; Honey

(Received 9 September 2014; accepted 10 October 2014)

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