Module 10Unit 1—2 单元点拨

Unit 1

1. In 1985， there was little rainfall in Ethiopia， which led to poor harvests and the death of many the countrys cattle. （L.1， P.2） 1985年，埃塞俄比亚几乎没有降雨，这导致庄稼歉收，牛畜死亡。

【点拨】 短语lead to 意为“导致，引起”，后接名词，也可接动名词。

如：Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness. 过量的工作和太少的休息会引起疾病。

The bad harvest led to severe food shortage. 粮食欠收引起食物严重短缺。

The explosion of bombs led to many windows being broken.炸弹爆炸使得许多窗户的玻璃破裂。

短语lead to 还可意为“通向”。

如：The road under repair leads to our university. 正在翻修的那条路通往我们的学校。

【拓展】 短语lead to “导致，引起”的同义词及短语有cause，bring about， result in等。

如：It rained heavily in the south， causing serious flooding in several provinces. （2010年天津卷）

南方下大雨，引发了好几个省的洪涝灾害。

It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about， although about two thousand patients have taken it. （2010年浙江卷）

尽管两千多病人已经服用过这种药，但它会引起什么副作用还不肯定。

The bad weather resulted in traffic jam. 恶劣的天气导致了交通阻塞。

2. Geldof intended the concert to raise money for hunger relief and to make the public aware of the problem. （L.6， P.2） 格尔多夫想通过音乐会为解决饥荒筹集资金，并且提高公众对饥荒的意识。

【点拨】 短语intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事

如：He intended his son to manage the company. 他打算让他的儿子管理公司。

【拓展1】 表示一个过去打算做而实际未做的愿望或打算 had intended to do sth. / intended to have done sth.

如：I had intended to call you last night， but something stopped me. = I intended to have called you last night， but something stopped me.

【拓展2】 intend 的其他用法：intend to do sth. 意为“打算做某事”；intend that... 打算……；intend sth. for sb. （as sth.） 意思是“为……而设计/安排”

如：They intend that the plan should be put into practice within the year. 他们打算在年内实行这项计划。

This dictionary is intended for children. 这本字典是给小孩用的。

Mothers day was coming. Tom intended to buy some flowers for his mother as a gift in honor of his mother.

母亲节即将来临，汤姆打算给母亲买花作为祝贺节日的礼物。

What do you intend to do this Sunday？ 这个周日你打算干什么？

3. According to the United Nations， ten million people die every year of starvation or problems related to having a poor diet. （L.12， P.2） 根据联合国统计，每年死于饥饿或饮食不良的人达到上千万。

【点拨】 短语relate to意为“与……有关”。注意， to为介词，后接名词（或名词性从句）或doing...

如：Wealth is seldom related to happiness. 财富鲜与幸福相关。

How on earth do his remarks relate to what we are discussing now？ 他的评语和我们正在讨论的事究竟有什么关系？

短语relate... to...意为“把……和……联系起来”

如：You cant relate what he says to what he does. 你无法把他所说的与他所做的联系起来。endprint

【拓展】 relate to 与某人友好相处；相处融洽；relating to 意为“关于……；和……有关的”

如：The two men just cant relate to each other. 那两个人怎么也合不来。

The matter relating to your fate cannot be taken for granted.关于命运的事不可想当然。

4. ...， which targets people most at risk， such as babies， pregnant women and old people，...（L.20， P.2） ……该项目 （the FoodforGrowth program） 目标于那些处于危险中的人群，如婴儿、孕妇及老人……

【点拨】 短语at risk意为“处于危险之中”

如：The disease is spreading， and all children under five are at risk. 这疾病在流行，所有5岁以下的孩子都处在危险之中。

【拓展1】 at the risk of... 冒……的危险；take / run the risk of 冒的……危险， 做某件危险的事

如：Heart disease can be avoided if people at risk take medical advice. 可能患心脏病的高危人群如果听从医生劝告，这病就可以避免了。

He saved her at the risk of his life. 他冒着生命危险救了她。

He doesnt want to run / take the risk of losing his friend.他不想冒着失去朋友的危险。

【拓展2】 risk vt. 冒……的危险，拿……冒险；后需接名词或doing

如：But Simon decided to risk his life... （2014 全国卷完形填空）

Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. （2013年上海卷）

5. There is a saying that goes， “Give a man a fish， and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish， and you feed him for the rest of his life.” （L.31， P.3） 有句俗话是这样说的：“授人以鱼，三餐之需；授人以渔，终生之用。”

【点拨】 Give a man a fish， and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish， and you feed him for the rest of his life. 是很有用的句型，更为高考的考点。

结构1：祈使句 + and / then + 简单句（常用一般将来时）祈使句用来表条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，而简单句用来表结果。

如：Look at the photos， illustrations， title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about. （2013年上海卷）

Read this story， and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. （2013年四川卷）

结构2：祈使句 + or + 简单句（常用一般将来时）祈使句表条件，（祈使句相当于否定的if条件句），or 后的简单句常表示如果不按照前面祈使句所要求的去做，就会有不好的结果。

如：You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you. （2012年全国卷）

Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs or you could have problems. （2013年北京卷）

有时，表条件的祈使句还可用名词短语或简单句来替换。

如：One more hour and Ill get the work finished. （2006年高考题）

You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you. （2012年全国卷）

6. On top of this， burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide， which is harmful to the environment. （L.44， P.14） 此外，燃烧矿物燃料产生二氧化碳，而二氧化碳对环境有害。

【点拨】 短语on top of 后常接this / that， （this / that代替前面所提到通常指不愉快的事），意为“除此以外”。

如：He had a bad week. He lost his job， and on top of that， his car was stolen. 这一周他过得很糟糕，他丢了工作，除此以外，他的车又被偷了。endprint

【拓展】 be / feel on top of the world “非常高兴；愉快或自豪

如：When I heard that she had been recovered， I felt on top of the world. 当听到她身体恢复了，我感觉到非常高兴。

7. Tentative steps are being taken to introduce these forms of alternative energy. （L.86， P.15） 采取初步措施，来引入此类可选择的能源。

【点拨】 短语 take steps to do sth. 意为“采取措施做……”。课文中上述句子为被动语态。

如：Steps must be taken to prevent air and water pollution. 必须采取措施来预防空气和水污染。

The government took an unusual step. 政府采取了非常措施。

【拓展】 短语take steps to do sth.与短语take measures to do sth. 同义。

如：The government has taken measures to improve the economy. 政府已采取措施改善经济。

We must take measures to prevent further pollution of environment. 我们一定要采取措施防止环境进一步被污染。

Unit 2

1. Old Americans are on the move. （L.1， P.18）美国的老年人在迁徙中。

【点拨】 短语on the move 意为“在行进中，在移动中”

如：Dont jump off when the train is on the move. 火车未停稳时切勿跳下。

Our family was on the move for five years until Dad found a good job. 在父亲找到一份好工作之前，我们一家人五年多都在奔波，四处迁移。

【拓展】 on the move1）忙碌的，活跃的2） 在进行， 在发展

如：Hes always on the move and never has time to rest. 他总是忙个不停，从来没有时间休息。

He seems to be on the move all day long. 他似乎一天到晚奔忙不休。

The Mayor promises to let all plans on the move. 市长允诺所有的计划都在进行。

As I said at the beginning of the speech， China is on the move. 正如我在演讲的一开始所说，中国正在发展中。

2. Florida is home to the largest population of people aged 65 and older. （L.9， P.18） 佛罗里达是大量65岁及更大年龄的老年人的圣地。

【点拨】 aged 为形容词，意为“……年龄的……”后接数词，一起为后置定语，放在被修饰的词后。

如：A man aged 60 won the lottery last night. 一位六旬老人昨晚中了彩票。

According to Chinas law， children aged between 5 and 15 must go to school. 根据中国法律， 5～15岁的儿童必须上学接受教育。

aged 还可为形容词，意为“年老的”，置于被修饰的名词前。

如：Who took care of the aged couple after their only son died？ 那对年老的夫妇的独生儿子死后谁在照料他们？

For the next ten years， Jane lived together with her aged mother until her mother died. 随后的十年，Jane与她年迈的母亲住在一起直到母亲去世。

定冠词the与aged 连用，意为“老年人”，the aged =the old。

如：The aged were well taken care of and respected in that mountain village. 在那个山村里，老年人得到很好的照顾和尊敬。

【拓展】 age （1） vi. 变老；（2） vt. 使……老化；（3） n. 年龄，衰老，时期，时代

如：As he aged， his memory got worse. 随着年事增高，他的记忆力变差了。

The aging population has caused a heavy pressure on the whole society. 人口的老龄化给整个社会造成了很大的压力。

Anxiety ages us. 忧虑催人老。

We are living in the age of technology. 我们生活在工业技术时代。

3. However， throughout their long history， the Romany have faced many troubles. （L.31， P.31） 然而，在漫长的历史中，罗姆人面对很多的困难。endprint

【点拨】 face v. 面对；面向

face既可用作及物动词， 也可用作不及物动词， 用作及物动词时， 后面可接人或表示困难、形势、问题等的抽象名词或动名词作宾语； 用作不及物动词时， 多用来指房屋的朝向。

如：He faced the difficulty with courage. 他勇敢地面对困难。

Well face a tough fight in the upcoming election. 在即将到来的选举中，我们将面临一场恶战。

Their house faces east. 他们的房子朝东。

【拓展】 be faced with 面对；面临；face up to 勇敢地面对 （敌人、困难等）；in （the） face of 面对；在……面前；不顾；face to face 面对面 （作状语用）；facetoface 面对面的 （作定语用）

如：We are faced with new opportunities and challenges. 我们面临新的机遇和挑战。

She must face up to the fact that she was no longer young. 她得勇敢地面对自己已不再年轻的事实。

You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。

They stood there face to face. 他们在那儿面对面地站着。

You need a facetoface conversation with her. 你需要和她进行一次面对面的交谈。

Dont escape. You should face the music when you did something wrong. 不要逃避，做了错事就要勇于承担后果。

4. With their frequent movements， they gained a reputation as thieves， who robbed people， moved away and were then difficult to find. （L.34， P.31） 由于频繁流动，他们得到小偷的坏名声，扬长而去，难以找寻。

【点拨】 rob v. 抢劫；掠夺

如：Not only do they rob you， they smash everything too. 他们不仅抢夺你的财物，还要把每样东西都捣毁。

短语rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西

如：Worry can rob you of happiness， but kind words will cheer you up. 烦恼会让人丧失快乐，但是善意的言语使人振奋。

【拓展】 cheat sb. of sth. 骗某人的东西；cheat sb. into sth. / doing 骗某人做某事；rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西；steal sth. from sb. 从某人处偷走某物

如：He cheated me （out） of my money. 他骗走了我的钱。

He cheated her into marrying his son. 他欺骗她，使她嫁给了他的儿子。

But it can rob you of your selfconfidence if you dont do it. （2013年辽宁卷）

Somebody stole my money from the desk drawer. 有人从书桌抽屉里偷走了我的钱。

5. This collision of cultures between Europeans and the Romany led to many nations taking actions against them， even banning Romany groups from entering. （L.39， P.31） 欧洲人和罗姆人的这一文化冲突导致许多国家都采取措施抵制他们，甚至禁止罗姆族群入境。

【点拨】 many nations taking actions against them 为动名词的复合结构，many nations 为taking actions against them的动作执行者。

在动名词前面加上物主代词或名词所有格，作为动名词所表示的动作的执行者。这种形式称之为“动名词的复合结构”，在句中多做主语或宾语。

如：Sophias having seen them did not surprise us. 索菲亚看见了他们，并不使我们感到惊讶。

Excuse my interrupting you. 请原谅我打断了你的话。

在现代英语中，动名词复合结构在作宾语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，用名词通格代替名词所有格。注意，动名词复合结构在作主语时不可这样。

如：You say nothing about us calling. 你不要说我们来拜访的事。

I am not in favour of mother selling the old home. 我不赞成母亲卖掉老房子。

The presidents attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. （2003年上海春招卷）

The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught. （2003年上海卷）

Victor apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan. （2004年上海春招卷）

（作者：杨定生，南京市第四中学）endprint

【点拨】 face v. 面对；面向

face既可用作及物动词， 也可用作不及物动词， 用作及物动词时， 后面可接人或表示困难、形势、问题等的抽象名词或动名词作宾语； 用作不及物动词时， 多用来指房屋的朝向。

如：He faced the difficulty with courage. 他勇敢地面对困难。

Well face a tough fight in the upcoming election. 在即将到来的选举中，我们将面临一场恶战。

Their house faces east. 他们的房子朝东。

【拓展】 be faced with 面对；面临；face up to 勇敢地面对 （敌人、困难等）；in （the） face of 面对；在……面前；不顾；face to face 面对面 （作状语用）；facetoface 面对面的 （作定语用）

如：We are faced with new opportunities and challenges. 我们面临新的机遇和挑战。

She must face up to the fact that she was no longer young. 她得勇敢地面对自己已不再年轻的事实。

You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。

They stood there face to face. 他们在那儿面对面地站着。

You need a facetoface conversation with her. 你需要和她进行一次面对面的交谈。

Dont escape. You should face the music when you did something wrong. 不要逃避，做了错事就要勇于承担后果。

4. With their frequent movements， they gained a reputation as thieves， who robbed people， moved away and were then difficult to find. （L.34， P.31） 由于频繁流动，他们得到小偷的坏名声，扬长而去，难以找寻。

【点拨】 rob v. 抢劫；掠夺

如：Not only do they rob you， they smash everything too. 他们不仅抢夺你的财物，还要把每样东西都捣毁。

短语rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西

如：Worry can rob you of happiness， but kind words will cheer you up. 烦恼会让人丧失快乐，但是善意的言语使人振奋。

【拓展】 cheat sb. of sth. 骗某人的东西；cheat sb. into sth. / doing 骗某人做某事；rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西；steal sth. from sb. 从某人处偷走某物

如：He cheated me （out） of my money. 他骗走了我的钱。

He cheated her into marrying his son. 他欺骗她，使她嫁给了他的儿子。

But it can rob you of your selfconfidence if you dont do it. （2013年辽宁卷）

Somebody stole my money from the desk drawer. 有人从书桌抽屉里偷走了我的钱。

5. This collision of cultures between Europeans and the Romany led to many nations taking actions against them， even banning Romany groups from entering. （L.39， P.31） 欧洲人和罗姆人的这一文化冲突导致许多国家都采取措施抵制他们，甚至禁止罗姆族群入境。

【点拨】 many nations taking actions against them 为动名词的复合结构，many nations 为taking actions against them的动作执行者。

在动名词前面加上物主代词或名词所有格，作为动名词所表示的动作的执行者。这种形式称之为“动名词的复合结构”，在句中多做主语或宾语。

如：Sophias having seen them did not surprise us. 索菲亚看见了他们，并不使我们感到惊讶。

Excuse my interrupting you. 请原谅我打断了你的话。

在现代英语中，动名词复合结构在作宾语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，用名词通格代替名词所有格。注意，动名词复合结构在作主语时不可这样。

如：You say nothing about us calling. 你不要说我们来拜访的事。

I am not in favour of mother selling the old home. 我不赞成母亲卖掉老房子。

The presidents attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. （2003年上海春招卷）

The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught. （2003年上海卷）

Victor apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan. （2004年上海春招卷）

（作者：杨定生，南京市第四中学）endprint

【点拨】 face v. 面对；面向

face既可用作及物动词， 也可用作不及物动词， 用作及物动词时， 后面可接人或表示困难、形势、问题等的抽象名词或动名词作宾语； 用作不及物动词时， 多用来指房屋的朝向。

如：He faced the difficulty with courage. 他勇敢地面对困难。

Well face a tough fight in the upcoming election. 在即将到来的选举中，我们将面临一场恶战。

Their house faces east. 他们的房子朝东。

【拓展】 be faced with 面对；面临；face up to 勇敢地面对 （敌人、困难等）；in （the） face of 面对；在……面前；不顾；face to face 面对面 （作状语用）；facetoface 面对面的 （作定语用）

如：We are faced with new opportunities and challenges. 我们面临新的机遇和挑战。

She must face up to the fact that she was no longer young. 她得勇敢地面对自己已不再年轻的事实。

You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。

They stood there face to face. 他们在那儿面对面地站着。

You need a facetoface conversation with her. 你需要和她进行一次面对面的交谈。

Dont escape. You should face the music when you did something wrong. 不要逃避，做了错事就要勇于承担后果。

4. With their frequent movements， they gained a reputation as thieves， who robbed people， moved away and were then difficult to find. （L.34， P.31） 由于频繁流动，他们得到小偷的坏名声，扬长而去，难以找寻。

【点拨】 rob v. 抢劫；掠夺

如：Not only do they rob you， they smash everything too. 他们不仅抢夺你的财物，还要把每样东西都捣毁。

短语rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西

如：Worry can rob you of happiness， but kind words will cheer you up. 烦恼会让人丧失快乐，但是善意的言语使人振奋。

【拓展】 cheat sb. of sth. 骗某人的东西；cheat sb. into sth. / doing 骗某人做某事；rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西；steal sth. from sb. 从某人处偷走某物

如：He cheated me （out） of my money. 他骗走了我的钱。

He cheated her into marrying his son. 他欺骗她，使她嫁给了他的儿子。

But it can rob you of your selfconfidence if you dont do it. （2013年辽宁卷）

Somebody stole my money from the desk drawer. 有人从书桌抽屉里偷走了我的钱。

5. This collision of cultures between Europeans and the Romany led to many nations taking actions against them， even banning Romany groups from entering. （L.39， P.31） 欧洲人和罗姆人的这一文化冲突导致许多国家都采取措施抵制他们，甚至禁止罗姆族群入境。

【点拨】 many nations taking actions against them 为动名词的复合结构，many nations 为taking actions against them的动作执行者。

在动名词前面加上物主代词或名词所有格，作为动名词所表示的动作的执行者。这种形式称之为“动名词的复合结构”，在句中多做主语或宾语。

如：Sophias having seen them did not surprise us. 索菲亚看见了他们，并不使我们感到惊讶。

Excuse my interrupting you. 请原谅我打断了你的话。

在现代英语中，动名词复合结构在作宾语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，用名词通格代替名词所有格。注意，动名词复合结构在作主语时不可这样。

如：You say nothing about us calling. 你不要说我们来拜访的事。

I am not in favour of mother selling the old home. 我不赞成母亲卖掉老房子。

The presidents attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. （2003年上海春招卷）

The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught. （2003年上海卷）

Victor apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan. （2004年上海春招卷）

（作者：杨定生，南京市第四中学）endprint