米中华 司冬梅 王燕英
【摘要】 目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)水平,并评价其激素水平和代谢指标之间的关系。方法:对本院近5年就诊的40例PCOS患者(PCOS组)与40例健康体检者(对照组)进行对比,评价两组患者的血清PEDF水平,并对两组有差异的指标与PEDF进行相关分析。结果:两组的BMI、糖代谢、脂代谢及激素水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余各项基础指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PCOS组BMI低于24 kg/m2的患者PEDF水平及hs-CRP均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。PCOS组BMI≥24 kg/m2的患者HOMA指数及PEDF水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),hs-CRP明显高于对照组(P=0.03)。PEDF与hs-CRP(r=0.68,P<0.05)、HOMA指数(r=0.32,P<0.05)、BMI(r=0.29,P<0.05)、腰臀比(r=0.31,P<0.05)、舒张压(r=0.24,P<0.05)、总胆固醇(r=0.33,P<0.05)、甘油三酯(r=0.39,P<0.05)及LDL-C(r=0.44,P<0.05)正相关,而与HDL成负相关关系(r=-0.36,P<0.05)。结论:PCOS患者中血清PEDF水平高于正常,特别是超重的PCOS患者血清PEDF显著升高,且与炎症反应、胰岛素抵抗指数及脂代谢情况关系密切。
【关键词】 多囊卵巢综合征; 色素上皮衍生因子; 血糖代谢
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum pigment epithelium -derived factor (PEDF) levels and hormone levels/ metabolic indicators in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Method:The clinical data of 40 PCOS patients (the PCOS group) and 40 healthy fertile women (the control group) were analyzed, the serum PEDF levels in two groups were detected. And the relationship of BMI, hs-CRP, HOMA index, waist-hip ratio, diastolic pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride,and HDLwith PEDF were observed.Result:There were significant difference between the two groups in the terms of BMI, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and hormone levels (P<0.05), while the other remaining indicators were no difference between the two groups (P>0.05). For patients with BMI less than
24 kg/m2, the levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than that in the control group in the terms of PEDF and hs-CRP (P<0.01); for patients with BMI≥24 kg/m2, HOMA index and PEDF were significantly higher in the PCOS group than that in the control group (P<0.01), hs-CRP was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.03). PEDF was positively correlation with HOMA index (r=0.32, P<0.05), BMI (r=0.29, P<0.05), waist-hip ratio (r=0.31, P<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.24, P<0.05), total cholesterol (r=0.33, P<0.05), triglycerides (r=0.39, P<0.05) and LDL-C (r=0.44, P<0.05), while it was negatively correlated with HDL (r=-0.36, P<0.05). Conclusions: Serum PEDF level in PCOS, especially in overweight patients, was higher than normal people. It is significantly corrected with inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance index.
【Key words】 Polycystic ovary syndrome; Pigment epithelium-derived factor; Glucose metabolism
First-authors address:Shenzhen City Nanshan District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Shenzhen 518053,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2014.25.014
在育龄期妇女中,多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)属于非常常见的一种妇科内分泌性疾病,在世界范围内发病率约为9%~18%[1]。PCOS属于代谢障碍性疾病,主要表现为腹部肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常及高血压等。这些因素导致了这类人群中代谢综合征及心血管疾病的发病率显著升高。最近一项Meta分析表明约49%左右的PCOS患者均患有不同程度的肥胖[2]。色素上皮衍生因子(Pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)是丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂家族中一员,具有抗血管生成和抗氧化等作用[3]。文献[4]报道PEDF与肥胖及2型糖尿病等代谢综合征具有一定联系,在血糖代谢及胰岛素调节中具有重要作用。但是目前研究报道PCOS患者中血清PEDF的升高与高敏C反应蛋白(high sensitive C reactive protein,hs-CRP)胰岛素抵抗的关系不尽一致[5-6]。本文对PCOS患者与正常人群的血清PEDF水平进行了研究,并探讨了PCOS患者中PEDF与激素水平、代谢指标及炎症反应之间的关系。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选择本院近5年就诊的育龄期妇女40例,纳入标准为:(1)确诊为PCOS;(2)未合并明显心血管疾病者;(3)3个月之内为服用影响激素水平或血压的药物。排除标准为:(1)合并有其他内分泌系统疾病;(2)具有糖尿病视网膜病变或其他血管损伤性疾病者;(3)患有糖尿病、肝肾功能不全、甲状腺疾病或已有妊娠者。并以40例正常月经周期的健康体检者作为对照。所有纳入患者均签署知情同意书。患者平均年龄为(32.2±21.5)岁,BMI 18.5~26.9 kg/m2,腰围79~91 cm。同时根据BMI是否大于24 kg/m2,将患者分为BMI正常组和超重组。PCOS组和对照组各40例,两组比较除BMI、糖代谢、脂代谢及激素水平有统计学差异外,各项基础指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。
1.2 试验方法 所有患者均进行全身体格检查。多毛诊断标准按照Ferriman等[7]介绍的方法进行评分,大于或等于8分视为多毛,血压测定在静息坐立位10 min后进行。身体测量指标为身高、体重、腰围及臀围,并以此计算身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)和腰臀比(waist/hip ratio,WHR)。所有患者及正常人群在月经周期的第2~10天均进行腹部或阴道B超,以及抽血检测激素和代谢性指标的水平,对于无月经的患者可在任意一天进行检测。PCOS诊断标准按照Lecke等[8]报道的标准进行。抽取空腹静脉血进行血清PEDF、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、黄体生成素、性激素结合球蛋白、总睾酮及游离雄激素指数及脂代谢水平的测定,之后行糖耐量检测,即口服75 g的无水葡萄糖后2 h再次抽血测定血糖及胰岛素水平。
1.3 统计学处理 采用SPSS 13.0统计学软件对数据进行处理,计量资料采用(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验及秩和检验,计数资料采用 字2检验,PEDF与其他指标之间的相关检验采用Spearman相关分析方法进行,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组PEDF及HOMA指数的比较 PCOS组BMI正常的患者PEDF水平、hs-CRP均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。PCOS组中超重的患者HOMA指数及PEDF水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),hs-CRP明显高于对照组(P=0.03),见表2。
2.2 PEDF与各指标相关性分析 将PCOS组及对照组的PEDF水平与两组间有差异的基础指标进行Spearman相关分析。结果显示PEDF与hs-CRP(r=0.68,P<0.05)、HOMA指数(r=0.32,P<0.05)、BMI(r=0.29,P<0.05)、腰臀比(r=0.31,P<0.05)、舒张压(r=0.24,P<0.05)、总胆固醇(r=0.33,P<0.05)、甘油三酯(r=0.39,P<0.05)及LDL-C(r=0.44,P<0.05)正相关,而与HDL成负相关关系(r=-0.36,P<0.05)。
3 讨论
PCOS是临床上常见的妇科内分泌性疾病,其发病率在5%~10%之间。在血液指标中较为明显的改变时其雄激素水平过高。PCOS患者不论育龄期还是青春期,其卵巢中雄激素水平过高而抑制卵泡发育,均可导致卵泡闭锁致排卵异常或者无排卵,在临床表现上主要为月经稀发或者闭经,或婚后不孕;另外常常全是伴有多毛、脱发、痤疮、肥胖等特征[9]。PEDF是1989年在人视网膜色素上皮细胞的培养液中发现和提取的一种糖蛋白。Famulla等[10]2011年通过基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱技术及二维聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证实了脂肪细胞分泌最多的脂肪因子即为PEDF,且该因子随着脂肪细胞分化的成熟,其表达量在相应的增多。PEDF对脂肪细胞及骨骼肌细胞的炎症信号通路核因子-kB具有促进作用,且可通过此作用增加胰岛素抵抗指数[11]。目前较多研究关注与PEDF与炎症的关系,而有报道显示PCOS患者还常常伴有不同程度的炎症反应,但对于PCOS患者中PEDF水平及其表达的意义其相关报道还有待确定[12-13]。
本研究通过选取本院就诊的PCOS患者及健康体检者为研究对象,对PCOS患者与正常人群的血清PEDF水平进行了研究,并探讨了PCOS患者中PEDF与激素水平和代谢指标之间的关系。其结果显示PCOS患者中血清PEDF的水平高于正常,特别是超重的PCOS患者血清PEDF显著升高,且进一步对两组患者HOMA指数级hs-CRP进行了研究发现仍具有显著性差异。对PEDF与HOMA指数和hs-CRP等具有统计差异的指标进行了相关性分析显示其与hs-CRP的关系最为密切,另外与胰岛素抵抗指数及脂代谢情况仍有较为紧密的关系。
本研究证实了PCOS患者中血清PEDF的高水平与hs-CRP相关,提示PCOS患者中炎症反应与PEDF有一定关系。Nakamura等[14]显示血清PEDF水平在代谢综合征和2型糖尿病患者独立相关。Stejskal等[15]通过对112例高加索人进行血清PEDF水平BMI及hs-CRP的检测,提示PEDF可作为筛检代谢综合征的一个新的标志物。本研究也存在一定的局限。首先,本研究属于单中心研究,由于病例数量及患者的因素,无法做到严格的基于年龄及BMI的配对性诊断试验。其次,笔者并未对TNF-α等其他炎症因子进行测定,而只分析了hs-CRP与PEDF的相关性。但hs-CRP作为炎症重要标志物已得到临床上公认。再次,笔者本次研究并未深一步的探寻PEDF及hs-CRP之间的相关关系,若要明确PCOS患者中PEDF与hs-CRP的因果关系还需要更进一步的临床及基础研究。
总之,本研究提示PCOS患者中血清PEDF水平高于正常,特别是超重的PCOS患者血清PEDF显著升高,且与炎症反应、胰岛素抵抗指数及脂代谢情况关系密切。
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(收稿日期:2014-02-14) (本文编辑:蔡元元)