崔海玲
摘 要 2014年2月底,最新出版发行的《2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲的说明》中明确指出了:2014年将取消延续数十载的传统单项选择类题型,新加入了语言知识运用的第二节,俗称“语法填空”题型。这一题型的出现改变了以往用单项填空题来考查语法的形式,代之以在短文或者在以具体生活情境为内容的对话中考查语法的灵活运用。其“突出语篇,强调运用”的命题思路,与《课程标准》所提出的英语课程性质也完全吻合。对于2014年参加高考的考生来说,这种题型的改变无疑是一个巨大的挑战,但毋庸焦虑,只要考生尽快转变态度,了解语法填空题的特点和解题技巧,便可在高考中迎刃而解。
关键词 语法填空题 特点 技巧
中图分类号:G424 文献标识码:A
Interpretation of College Entrance Examination English New
Questions - Text-based Grammar Filling in the Blank
CUI Hailing
(Qinhuangdao New Century Senior High School, Qinhuangdao, Shandong 066000)
Abstract By the end of February 2014, the latest issue of the publication "2014 unified national college entrance exam outline description" clearly pointed out: 2014 will be a continuation of decades of tradition canceled class individual choice questions, new entrants to the use of language knowledge the second section, called "grammar fill in the blank" questions. The kinds of questions has changed in the past used to examine a single fill-in the form of grammar, essay or replaced in order to examine the contents of a specific life situations to utilize dialogue grammar. Its "outstanding discourse, emphasizing the use of" proposition ideas, and "curriculum standards" nature of the proposed English courses are also fully consistent. For 2014 to participate in the exam, changing this type of exercise is undoubtedly a huge challenge, but needless anxiety, just a change of attitude as soon as possible candidates to understand the syntax of fill-in features and problem-solving skills, can be solved in the entrance examination.
Key words grammar filling in the blank; characteristics; skills
1 语法填空题的特点
(1)语法填空题选材贴近学生生活,以记叙文和夹叙夹议的文章居多,题材多为考生熟悉的话题。
(2)语法填空题的考查方式:纯空格题和提示性填空题。
(3)语法填空题的考点和考查内容是:在一篇200词左右的语言材料中(对话或短文)留出10个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(不多于3个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式。
在考试说明的样题中给出提示词的空共有4个,其余填空是结合上下文直接填词,这要求考生既要掌握熟练的语法知识,还要有一定的语言阅读能力。从单选题那种单独句子中的单独的语法考查,到短文中的语法实际应用,此次题型转变得更加灵活,对考生的词汇量,语篇的语感,句子成分的分析提出了新的要求。由单句的小语境考查到语篇或对话的大语境考查,显然这是考查方式和内容的一大创新。
纯空格题:通常考查虚词,包括冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。
提示性填空题:通常考查实词,包括谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、词性转换等。
2 语法填空题的答题技巧
解答语篇型语法填空题,考生需要具有全局观,首先掌握文章的内容和主题,即文章的大语境,然后合理地运用所学语法及词汇知识进行解题。
技巧点拨(1)
The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote and poor village.
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he (find ) that he had run out of salt. (2013广东高考真题)
技巧小结(1):在英语中,不管是主句还是从句,一个主谓结构中通常只能有一个谓语,若主句或从句中没有谓语动词 ,需填的词应是谓语动词,谓语动词主要考查时态和语态,其时态和语态要瞻前顾后。
技巧点拨(2)
All able-bodied young men took up arms and (fight) against the invaders.
Mothers of disabled athletes from different Asian countries and regions entered the stadium, (sing) and cheered for their children as the athletes walked into the stadium.
技巧小结(2):句中已有谓语动词,但所需填的词与句中已存在的谓语主语一致,并且中间有并列连词连接时,需填的词应是并列谓语。时态和语态要瞻前顾后。
技巧点拨(3)
With a lot of papers (type), he has no time to watch TV.
The headmaster went into the lab, (follow) by the foreign guests.
He suddenly appeared in class one day, (wear) sun glasses. (2012广东高考真题 )
技巧小结(3):
若句中已有谓语动词,又没有并列连词与已给出的动词构成并列关系时,所给动词要用非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是用to do形式, doing 形式,还是done形式。 to do表示将来和目的;doing表示主动和进行;done 表示被动和完成。
技巧点拨(4)
First of all, in class you must be (actively).
In a (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…
Teachers must try their best to make most of their students (interest) in the subject.
技巧小结(4):作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。
技巧点拨(5)
“But such a small thing couldnt (possible) destroy a village.” (2013广东高考真题 )
He must be (mental) disabled. (2011广东高考真题)
(actual) there are many stars staying in the universe.
技巧小结(5):修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。
技巧点拨(6)
The teacher replied," You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be (sweet). " (2010广东高考真题 )
The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even (hard) and finally made himself out.
Without trees it would be (possible) to build houses, boats bridges and so on.
技巧小结(6):形容词或副词,有可能是考查其比较等级,或者是根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系等在词根基础上加前缀或后缀,构成反义词。
技巧点拨(7)
Little children enjoy (watch) the program.
These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work.
As is known, running is good for (healthy),
Far from the (true), our dog loved everyone. She never frightened people.
(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
技巧小结(7):作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语,或在形容词性物主代词后和在“冠词(+形容词)后,用名词或者动名词形式。
技巧点拨(8)
Nicks guests, had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. (2013广东高考真题)
The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do. (2012广东高考真题)
My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me the bus arrived.(2011广东高考真题 )
技巧小结(8):句中无提示词,两个主谓结构连接 ,考查的是各类复合句中连词、引导词的用法 。我们需要分析结构,根据句子意义和逻辑关系,确定具体的连接词。学会分析句子结构,区分各种复合句,包括状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句,掌握相应复合句的引导词用法。英语中有个公式:n个句子必有n-1个连词,其中没有连词的那个句子就是主句。这就要求考生首先具备分析句子的能力,能一眼看出主句中含有从句,还要明白是什么类型的从句,该用哪些连词。
综上所述,要做好语法填空题并非难事。学生只要了解这种题型的特点,掌握一定的解题方法和技巧,在平时的学习中有针对性地训练,就能拿到高分。英语教师应在平时的教学中让学生多做些语法填空训练,有针对性地设计一些语法填空题目,如:可以把翻译句子改为填空题让学生来填词;把课文改编成语法填空题,这样既巩固了课文的基础知识,又可以循序渐进地掌握这种题型的解题技巧,帮助学生攻克语法填空这一难关,为高考打下坚实的基础。