不同前房深度急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压患者的手术疗效分析

2014-07-25 11:29宋五德梁章海
眼科新进展 2014年4期
关键词:角型小梁眼压

宋五德 梁章海

不同前房深度急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压患者的手术疗效分析

宋五德 梁章海

急性闭角型青光眼;小梁切除术;高眼压;前房深度

目的探讨不同前房深度急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压患者的手术疗效。方法选取2008年1月至2012年12月我院急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压患者142例(142眼),根据术前前房深度将患者分为3组,A组45例行小梁切除术联合玻璃体抽吸;B组42例先行前房穿刺降眼压,再行小梁切除术;C组55例先给予药物等非手术治疗降眼压至低于30 mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),再行小梁切除术。记录3组患者入院时、术后1周的眼压,同时观察术前及术后1个月视力,并观察3组患者相关并发症的发生情况。结果A组、B组和C组患者入院眼压分别为(49.02±2.97)mmHg、(49.53±3.87)mmHg、(48.76±4.65)mmHg,组间差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术后1周眼压均较术前显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),其中A组低于B组和C组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。A组、B组和C组术前视力组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P<0.05);3组患者术后1个月视力均显著增加(均为P<0.05);B组高于A组和C组(均为P<0.05),A组和C组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组并发症发生率分别为13.3%、50.0%和11.4%,3组之间相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.87,P<0.01)。结论急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压行小梁切除术时应同时抽吸玻璃体,提高患者预后。

[眼科新进展,2014,34(4):366-368]

急性闭角型青光眼是由房角突然关闭而引起眼压急剧升高的常见眼科急症,常伴有视力下降、眼痛、同侧偏头痛、恶心和呕吐等不适,如不及时治疗,会导致患者短期内失明[1-2]。因此,急性闭角型青光眼一旦确诊,应立即治疗,降低眼压,保护视功能[3]。治疗原则为先降眼压后行手术治疗[4]。但临床工作中常常遇到因就诊较晚而出现房角粘连关闭的患者,给予非手术的保守治疗不能有效降低眼压[5-6]。本研究探讨不同前房深度急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压患者的手术疗效,现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料选取2008年1月至2012年12月我院急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压患者142例(142眼),其中男72例,女70例,年龄(64.22±10.88)岁;所有患者眼压均超过40 mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)且持续3 d以上,经药物保守治疗无效。排除合并葡萄膜炎、继发性闭角型青光眼、既往有青光眼手术史、房角粘连未超过1/2、单用毛果芸香碱后24 h眼压正常者。根据术前前房深度将患者分为3组,A组45例,术前前房深度≤2.0 mm,其中男23例,女22例,年龄(64.82±11.29)岁;B组42例,术前前房深度>2.0 mm但<2.5 mm,其中男22例,女20例,年龄(64.98±10.96)岁;C组55例,术前前房深度≥2.5 mm,其中男23例,女22例,年龄(63.45±10.45)岁。3组患者性别比例、年龄等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2治疗方法所有患者入院后给予常规对症治疗,术前24 h停用毛果芸香碱。A组45例患者行小梁切除术联合玻璃体抽吸;B组42例患者先行前房穿刺降眼压,再行小梁切除术;C组55例患者先给予药物等非手术治疗降眼压至低于30 mmHg,再行小梁切除术。小梁切除术方法:术前缩瞳,球后麻醉,做以角巩膜缘为基底的结膜瓣,在上方作以角膜缘为基底的3 mm×4 mm巩膜瓣,切除 1.5 mm×2.0 mm 小梁组织,行虹膜根部切除, 10-0尼龙线缝合巩膜瓣顶角2 针,埋藏线结,缝合结膜瓣。术毕结膜下注射地塞米松 2.5 mg及妥布霉素 2 万单位。

1.3观察指标术后随访1~3个月,平均2个月。记录3组患者入院时、术后1周的眼压,同时观察术前及术后1个月视力,并观察3组患者相关并发症的发生情况。

2 结果

2.1眼压3组患者入院及术后1周眼压见表1。从表1可知,A组、B组和C组患者入院眼压组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术后1周眼压均较术前显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);术后1周眼压组间比较,A组低于B组和C组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),B组和C组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

表1 3组患者入院及术后1周眼压比较Table 1 Comparison of intraocular pressure at hospitalization and postoperative 1 week among three groups(P/mmHg)

2.2视力3组患者术前及术后1周视力见表2。从表2可知,A组、B组和C组术前视力组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P<0.05);与术前视力相比,3组患者术后1个月视力均显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);术后1个月3组视力组间比较,B组视力高于A组和C组,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),A组和C组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

表2 3组患者手术前后视力比较Table 2 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative visual acuity among three groups

2.3并发症A组、B组和C组术后均出现浅前房、角膜水肿、虹膜睫状体炎等并发症,3组并发症发生率分别为13.3%、50.0%和11.4%,3组之间相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.87,P<0.01),其中以B组最高,明显高于A组和C组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.26、18.25,均为P<0.05)。

3 讨论

急性闭角型青光眼是由于房角被虹膜组织突然堵塞而引起的眼压快速增高,需及时治疗以降低眼压,以免持续的眼内高压对视网膜及神经造成不可逆的损害[7]。治疗时需根据房角关闭情况、高眼压持续时间、眼内炎症反应程度、瞳孔与虹膜的结构和功能、前房深度等一系列因素进行治疗[8]。常规青光眼手术需控制眼压至正常范围内,这样能够减少手术风险和术后并发症,提高手术成功率。持续的高眼压情况下强行手术治疗会因脉络膜血管受牵拉或血管内外压力迅速改变引起破裂出血,产生严重后果。国内外研究发现正常眼压情况下青光眼的手术成功率高达90%,而高眼压情况下手术成功率仅为50%左右[9-10]。

目前,对持续高眼压下行小梁切除术,术中采用的主要降眼压方法有:前房穿刺缓慢释放房水或睫状体平坦部玻璃体穿刺抽液。对急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压患者,采用前房穿刺放液,虽然可达到缓慢降眼压的目的,减少暴发性脉络膜出血、眼内出血、恶性青光眼、玻璃体脱出等并发症的发生,但存在以下不足: (1)持续高眼压的急性闭角型青光眼患者本身前房浅,多数伴有严重的角膜水肿,行前房穿刺有一定的困难,并有可能损伤虹膜、角膜及晶状体;(2)行前房穿刺放液后,引流出前房内房水,增加了前后房的压力差,使虹膜晶状体隔前移,使前房进一步变浅,加重了急性闭角型青光眼的病理变化,甚至诱发恶性青光眼; (3)增加前房出血的发生率,加重局部的炎症反应。

本研究对急性闭角型青光眼患者依据不同的前房深度情况采取不同的手术方式,一般患者采取先降低眼压再行手术治疗(C组),对前房深度≤2.0 mm者行小梁切除术联合玻璃体抽吸(A组),而术前前房深度>2.0 mm但<2.5 mm者先前房穿刺降眼压后行小梁切除术(B组)。研究结果发现,术后1周眼压组间比较,A组低于B组和C组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),B组和C组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1个月3组视力组间比较,B组视力高于A组和C组,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),A组和C组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组并发症发生率相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中以B组最高,明显高于A组和C组,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结果提示,虽然术中先穿刺入前房缓慢放出房水使眼压降低后行小梁切除术能够显著改善视力作用,但其并发症发生几率较高,而小梁切除术中同时行玻璃体抽吸能够显著降低术后并发症的发生几率,因此,急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压情况下行小梁切除术时应同时抽吸玻璃体,提高患者预后。

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date:Oct 27,2013

Surgical efficacy of persistent high intraocular pressure in acute angle-closure glaucoma patients with different anterior chamber thicknesses

SONG Wu-De,LIANG Zhang-Hai

acute angle-closure glaucoma; trabeculectomy; high intraocular pressure; anterior chamber thickness

Objective To analyses the surgical efficacy of persistent high intraocular pressure in acute angle-closure glaucoma patients with different anterior chamber thicknesses.Methods A total of 142 acute angle-closure glaucoma patients (142 eyes)with persistent high intraocular pressure in our hospital were chosen, based on the preoperative chamber thickness, the patients were divided into three groups, 45 patients in group A were given trabeculectomy and vitreous aspiration, 42 patients in group B were given chamber puncture firstly to decrease the intraocular pressure, then performed the trabeculectomy, 55 patients in group C were given the drugs to decrease the intraocular pressure, then performed the trabeculectomy. The intraocular pressure at hospitalization and 1 week after operation of three groups were recorded, the preoperative and postoperative 1 week visual acuity were observed, and the related complications of three groups were also observed.Results The intraocular pressure at hospitalization in group A, B, C were (49.02±2.97)mmHg (1 kPa=7.5 mmHg), (49.53±3.87)mmHg and (48.76±4.65)mmHg, respectively, there was no statistical difference among three groups (allP>0.05). The intraocular pressure at postoperative 1 week in group A, B, C had statistical differences compared with pre-operation (allP<0.05), group A were lower than group B, group C(allP<0.05), no statistical difference between group B and group C (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in preoperative visual acuity among three groups (allP>0.05). Compared with pre-operation, the postoperative visual acuity at 1 month were all increased (allP<0.05). The visual acuity at postoperative 1 month in group B were higher than those in group A and group C (allP<0.05), there was no statistical difference between group A and group C (P>0.05). The incidence of complication in group A, B, C were 13.3%, 50.0% and 11.4%, respectively, there was statistical difference among three groups (χ2=18.87,P<0.01).Conclusion The acute angle-closure glaucoma patients with persistent high intraocular pressure should perform the trabeculectomy and vitreous aspiration to improve the prognosis.

宋五德,男,1970年12月出生,副主任医师。联系电话:13879609328;E-mail: songwudeja@sohu.com

AboutSONGWu-De:Male,born in December,1970.Associate chief physician.Tel: 13879609328;E-mail: songwudeja@sohu.com

2013-10-27

343000江西省吉安市,吉安市中心人民医院眼科

宋五德,梁章海.不同前房深度急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压患者的手术疗效分析[J].眼科新进展,2014,34(4):366-368.

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10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0100

修回日期:2014-01-12

本文编辑:周志新

Accepteddate:Jan 12,2014

From theDepartmentofOphthalmology,CentralPeople’sHospital,Ji’an343000,JiangxiProvince,China

[RecAdvOphthalmol,2014,34(4):366-368]

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