摘要:以猪后腿肉为试验材料,探讨了远红外辅助油炸对挂糊油炸猪肉片的水分、脂肪含量、表观色泽和猪肉嫩度等食用品质的影响。结果表明,与普通热传导式油炸相比,远红外辅助油炸挂糊猪肉片外壳水分含量随油炸时间延长均匀下降,明度降低,红度和黄度增加。当油炸时间为210 s时,远红外辅助油炸产品外壳脂肪含量为16.39 g/(100 g),猪肉剪切力值为15.29 N,均低于普通热传导式油炸外壳脂肪含量17.35 g/(100 g)与剪切力16.74 N(P<0.05)。远红外辅助油炸能促进挂糊猪肉片呈色更好,降低脂肪含量,有助于油炸食品品质的提高。
关键词:远红外辅助油炸;猪肉片;食用品质
中图分类号:TS201.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2014)02-0404-03
Effect of Far-infrared Assisted Frying on Edible Quality of Battered and
Fried Pork Slices
ZHANG Ling-wen1,2,E Zheng-bo1,JI Hong-fang1,YANG Ming-duo2,MA Han-jun1
(1.School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan,China;
2.Institute of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China)
Abstract: Effects of far-infrared assisted frying on the edible quality (moisture and oil content, surface color, and meat tender) of battered and fried pork slices were investigated using the lean pork hams as materials. Results showed that compared with the common frying, far-infrared assisted frying decreased product lightness (L*), increased redness (a*) and yellowness (b*). When the frying time was 210 s, the oil content of crusts treated with far-infrared assisted frying was 16.39 g/(100 g), much lower than that of the common frying[17.35 g/(100 g)](P<0.05). The shear value of meat treated with far-infrared assisted frying was 15.29 N, much lower than that of the common frying(16.74 N)(P<0.05), too. Far-infrared assisted frying promoted the change of color, reduced the oil content, and had a beneficial effect on characteristics during frying.
Key words: far-infrared assisted frying; pork slices; edible quality
油炸挂糊肉制品因具有色泽金黄、外酥里嫩的特点,深受人们喜爱。糊的组成、油炸温度、油炸时间及加热方式等均会影响油炸挂糊类肉制品的品质[1-5]。随着人们生活水平的提高,低含油率和高食用品质(外脆里嫩)的油炸食品引起了国内外学者的广泛关注[6,7]。在课题组前期研究的基础上[8,9],探讨了远红外辅助油炸对油炸挂糊猪肉片品质的影响,旨在为推动传统油炸挂糊类肉制品的工业化生产及获得较高食用品质的产品提供一定的理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
猪后腿肉(河南双汇集团);食盐、香辛料、泡打粉、大豆油等(均购自新乡市胖东来生活超市);面粉(高筋粉)(新乡五得利面粉集团);马铃薯淀粉(山东金城股份有限公司);其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 工艺流程 工艺流程如下。
1.2.2 猪肉片制备 取猪后腿肉剔除筋膜,切成3.0 cm×2.0 cm×0.6 cm片后,加盐腌制2 h,备用。
1.2.3 糊的制备 取面粉60 g、淀粉40 g、泡打粉1 g和食盐1 g混合均匀,加水140 g调成糊,用搅拌机搅拌均匀,备用。
1.2.4 油炸工艺条件 将腌制好的肉片挂糊后,放入远红外加热的油炸锅中,在(170±2) ℃油炸30~210 s,油炸后沥油,冷却至室温。以普通油炸为对照,在热传导电炸炉中进行。
1.2.5 各种指标测定方法
1)水分含量。采用直接干燥法测定,按GB/T 9695.15—2008的方法进行。
2)脂肪含量。采用索氏提取法测定,按GB/T 9695.1—2008的方法进行。
2.3 远红外辅助油炸对产品表观色度的影响
2.4 远红外辅助油炸对肉嫩度的影响
外脆里嫩是油炸挂糊肉制品的一大特点,嫩是指肉的嫩度;剪切力越小,肉越嫩。随着油炸时间的延长,肉的剪切力增加;当油炸时间在30~120 s时,两种油炸方式对猪肉的剪切力影响不大;当油炸时间在150~210 s时,远红外辅助油炸的猪肉剪切力小于普通油炸的猪肉剪切力(P<0.05)(图6),当油炸时间为210 s时,远红外辅助油炸的猪肉剪切力为15.29 N,低于普通油炸的16.74 N。
3 结论
不同油炸方式对挂糊油炸猪肉片的水分含量、脂肪含量、色泽和嫩度均有影响。与普通油炸相比,远红外辅助油炸能够降低吸油率,改善产品的表观色度。将远红外辅助加热法应用于挂糊油炸猪肉片的加工过程,对提高挂糊油炸猪肉片的食用品质具有积极的意义。
参考文献:
[1] ALTUNAKAR B, SAHIN S, SUMNU G. Functionality of batters containing different starch types for deep-fat frying of chicken nuggets[J]. European Food Research and Technology,2004,218(4):318-322.
[2] BAIXAULI R, SANZ T, SALVADOR A, et al. Effect of the addition of dextrin or dried egg on the rheological and textural properties of batters for fried foods[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2003, 17: 305-310.
[3] CHEN S D, CHEN H H, CHAO Y C, et al. Effect of batter formula on qualities of deep-fat and microwave fried fish nuggets[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2009,95(2):359-364.
[4] DAS R, PAWAR D P, MODI V K. Quality characteristics of battered and fried chicken: comparison of pressure frying and conventional frying[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2013,50(2):284-292.
[5] 范大明,严 青,陈 卫,等.远红外油炸对鸡肉品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2012(3):56-59.
[6] PRIMO-MART?魱N C. Cross-linking of wheat starch improves the crispness of deep-fried battered food[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2012,28(1):53-58.
[7] PRIMO-MART N C, VAN D H. Deep-fat fried battered snacks prepared using super heated steam(SHS): crispness and low oil content[J]. Food Research International,2011,44:442-448.
[8] 杨铭铎,刘 洋,张令文,等.蛋清糊物理特性及其对油炸猪肉片品质的影响[J].肉类研究,2011,25(10):1-5.
[9] 张令文,杨铭铎,计红芳,等.淀粉对油炸挂糊猪肉片品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(8):114-117.
[10] 夏建新,王海滨,徐群英.肌肉嫩度仪与质构仪对燕麦复合火腿肠测定的比较研究[J].食品科学,2010,31(3):145-149.
外脆里嫩是油炸挂糊肉制品的一大特点,嫩是指肉的嫩度;剪切力越小,肉越嫩。随着油炸时间的延长,肉的剪切力增加;当油炸时间在30~120 s时,两种油炸方式对猪肉的剪切力影响不大;当油炸时间在150~210 s时,远红外辅助油炸的猪肉剪切力小于普通油炸的猪肉剪切力(P<0.05)(图6),当油炸时间为210 s时,远红外辅助油炸的猪肉剪切力为15.29 N,低于普通油炸的16.74 N。
3 结论
不同油炸方式对挂糊油炸猪肉片的水分含量、脂肪含量、色泽和嫩度均有影响。与普通油炸相比,远红外辅助油炸能够降低吸油率,改善产品的表观色度。将远红外辅助加热法应用于挂糊油炸猪肉片的加工过程,对提高挂糊油炸猪肉片的食用品质具有积极的意义。
参考文献:
[1] ALTUNAKAR B, SAHIN S, SUMNU G. Functionality of batters containing different starch types for deep-fat frying of chicken nuggets[J]. European Food Research and Technology,2004,218(4):318-322.
[2] BAIXAULI R, SANZ T, SALVADOR A, et al. Effect of the addition of dextrin or dried egg on the rheological and textural properties of batters for fried foods[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2003, 17: 305-310.
[3] CHEN S D, CHEN H H, CHAO Y C, et al. Effect of batter formula on qualities of deep-fat and microwave fried fish nuggets[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2009,95(2):359-364.
[4] DAS R, PAWAR D P, MODI V K. Quality characteristics of battered and fried chicken: comparison of pressure frying and conventional frying[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2013,50(2):284-292.
[5] 范大明,严 青,陈 卫,等.远红外油炸对鸡肉品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2012(3):56-59.
[6] PRIMO-MART?魱N C. Cross-linking of wheat starch improves the crispness of deep-fried battered food[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2012,28(1):53-58.
[7] PRIMO-MART N C, VAN D H. Deep-fat fried battered snacks prepared using super heated steam(SHS): crispness and low oil content[J]. Food Research International,2011,44:442-448.
[8] 杨铭铎,刘 洋,张令文,等.蛋清糊物理特性及其对油炸猪肉片品质的影响[J].肉类研究,2011,25(10):1-5.
[9] 张令文,杨铭铎,计红芳,等.淀粉对油炸挂糊猪肉片品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(8):114-117.
[10] 夏建新,王海滨,徐群英.肌肉嫩度仪与质构仪对燕麦复合火腿肠测定的比较研究[J].食品科学,2010,31(3):145-149.
外脆里嫩是油炸挂糊肉制品的一大特点,嫩是指肉的嫩度;剪切力越小,肉越嫩。随着油炸时间的延长,肉的剪切力增加;当油炸时间在30~120 s时,两种油炸方式对猪肉的剪切力影响不大;当油炸时间在150~210 s时,远红外辅助油炸的猪肉剪切力小于普通油炸的猪肉剪切力(P<0.05)(图6),当油炸时间为210 s时,远红外辅助油炸的猪肉剪切力为15.29 N,低于普通油炸的16.74 N。
3 结论
不同油炸方式对挂糊油炸猪肉片的水分含量、脂肪含量、色泽和嫩度均有影响。与普通油炸相比,远红外辅助油炸能够降低吸油率,改善产品的表观色度。将远红外辅助加热法应用于挂糊油炸猪肉片的加工过程,对提高挂糊油炸猪肉片的食用品质具有积极的意义。
参考文献:
[1] ALTUNAKAR B, SAHIN S, SUMNU G. Functionality of batters containing different starch types for deep-fat frying of chicken nuggets[J]. European Food Research and Technology,2004,218(4):318-322.
[2] BAIXAULI R, SANZ T, SALVADOR A, et al. Effect of the addition of dextrin or dried egg on the rheological and textural properties of batters for fried foods[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2003, 17: 305-310.
[3] CHEN S D, CHEN H H, CHAO Y C, et al. Effect of batter formula on qualities of deep-fat and microwave fried fish nuggets[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2009,95(2):359-364.
[4] DAS R, PAWAR D P, MODI V K. Quality characteristics of battered and fried chicken: comparison of pressure frying and conventional frying[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2013,50(2):284-292.
[5] 范大明,严 青,陈 卫,等.远红外油炸对鸡肉品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2012(3):56-59.
[6] PRIMO-MART?魱N C. Cross-linking of wheat starch improves the crispness of deep-fried battered food[J]. Food Hydrocolloids,2012,28(1):53-58.
[7] PRIMO-MART N C, VAN D H. Deep-fat fried battered snacks prepared using super heated steam(SHS): crispness and low oil content[J]. Food Research International,2011,44:442-448.
[8] 杨铭铎,刘 洋,张令文,等.蛋清糊物理特性及其对油炸猪肉片品质的影响[J].肉类研究,2011,25(10):1-5.
[9] 张令文,杨铭铎,计红芳,等.淀粉对油炸挂糊猪肉片品质的影响[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(8):114-117.
[10] 夏建新,王海滨,徐群英.肌肉嫩度仪与质构仪对燕麦复合火腿肠测定的比较研究[J].食品科学,2010,31(3):145-149.