解答完形填空的三大策略导练

蒙杏菊

词语同现、词语复现和逻辑推理是解答完形填空的三大策略，领会和掌握这三大策略对提高完形填空的解题速度和准确率都大有裨益。

一、词语同现

词语同现是指意义上相关的词汇有可能出现在同一语篇中，构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链，也有人称之为语义场。

[例1]A man was trying to take a photo of a crow（乌鸦）that had a nest in a tower， but the crow always left when she saw his coming. The bird did not ________until the man left the tower.

A. relax B. recover C. react D. return

解析：return与left相对，“离开”“返回”这两者属于词语同现，故选D。

二、词语复现

词语复现指某一个词以原词、同根词、同义词、反义词（如wrong与not correct ）、上义词、下义词等方式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句意就是通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接的。如：

[例2]Fore example， many birds have good number sense... Another interesting experiment showed a birds ________

number sense.

A. amazing B. annoying C. satisfying D. disturbing

解析：选项中的“amazing （令人惊异的）”与上文中“good number sense（良好的数字感）”中的good相对应，属近义复现，故选A。

[例3]Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a change in number...It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world， and that our human ________ is not much better than a crows.

A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief

解析：与上文中number sense ability “数字感知能力” 中ability是原词复现，故选C。

三、逻辑推理

在做完形填空时许多考生都会有这样的经历，即使他们对选项当中的每个词的意思都非常清楚，但得分不高。因为完形填空考查的是一种综合能力，不仅是对词汇的考查，对句子之间和上下文之间逻辑关系的推断也是完形填空考查的重点。其中逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、并列关系等。

[例4]If a nest has four eggs and you remove one， the bird will not notice. However， if you remove two， the bird generally leaves. This means that the bird knows the ________between two and three.

A. distance B. range C. difference D. interval

解析：通过对上文两个实验的对比，“从四个蛋中拿走一个，鸟儿不会注意到”和“从四个蛋中拿走两个，鸟儿就会发现”可推断出鸟儿能知道“一”和“二”的区别，故选C。

[例5]For example， babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from ________group. But when the number goes beyond three or four， the children are often fooled.

A. single B. small C. local D. new

解析：从表转折的连词But可知，上句和下句之间是转折关系，下句提到“当数量超过三和四时，孩子就往往被愚弄”，换句话说“数量较少时，孩子就不会注意到了”，故选B。

【实践演练】

1.（2013全国）Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts. But people in the streets ________ him，especially those who are poor.

A. know about B. learn from C. cheer for D. look after

2.（2013全国）He looks like any other businessman， wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase（公文箱）. But hes ________. His briefcase always has some gloves.

A. calm B. different C. crazy D. curiousendprint

3.（2013全国）A pair of gloves may be a ________thing，but it can make a big difference in winter.

A. small B. useful C. delightful D. comforting

4.（2013全国）In winter， Mr. Greenberg does not ________ like other New Yorkers， who look at the sidewalk and hurry down the street.

A. act B. sound C. feel D. dress

5.（2013全国）It runs in the________. Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.

A. city B. family C. neighborhood D. company

6.（2013天津）His hands tell the story of his life as a ________， including all his struggle... On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last order from the grocery.

A. teacher B. gardener C. farmer D. grocer

7.（2013天津）His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and ________， putting others first.

A. careful B. regretful C. considerate D. humorous

8.（2013天津）When Joe was about to start school， all signs pointed to success. Yet things turned out to be quite _______.

A. unfair B. boring C. disappointing D. dangerous

9.（2013重庆）On that afternoon， as the math teacher started to introduce difficult concepts， dark clouds covered the sky， and the storm set in... Soon math time was followed by the time for ________. All children naturally drew ________pictures on such a day.

A. class B. sports C. art D. tea

A. great B. dark C. different D. strange

10.（2013山东）I think my change started when I was at Palomar College. At first， I just wanted to get my ________ and be left alone.

A. balance B. homework C. degree D. interest

11.（2013山东）By the end of my first semester， I was really ________. It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.

A. careful B. lonely C. curious D. guilty

12.（2013山东）When she died， I was ________， but I was also very grateful to her.

A. homeless B. heartbroken C. bad-tempered D. hopeless

13.（2013湖南）When I was 8 years old， I once decided to run away from home. With my suitcase ________ and some sandwiches in a bag， I started for the front door and said to Mom， “Im leaving.” “If you want to ________， thats all right，” she said.

A. packed B. returned C. cleaned D. repaired

A. drop out B. go by C. move around D. run away

14.（2013湖南） “Wait a minute，” Mom said. “I want your ________ back. You didnt wear anything when you arrived.” This really angered me. I tore my clothes off - shoes， socks， underwear and all...endprint

A. bag B. clothes C. sandwiches D. suitcase

15.（2013湖南）I dashed to the front door and banged on it loudly. “Whos there？” I heard. “Its Billy！ Let me in！” The voice behind the ________ answered， “Billy doesnt live here anymore. He ran away from home.”

A. house B. tree C. door D. yard

16.（2013江苏）That was why she was alone on the ________， wearing an expensive swimsuit. It had taken a massive tantrum（大发脾气） to get her parents to buy it. They were back at the beach-house...

A. beach B. bed C. floor D. ship

17.（2013辽宁）...and all of a sudden she saw an amazing ________. There on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden.

A. hill B. valley C. background D. sight

18.（2013四川）There， I met 14-year-old Stephanie， whose burns are a lot more serious than mine. But she is so ________ that she never lets anyone put her down.

A. honest B. strong C. active D. young

19.（2013陕西）We ordered hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our ________ came， I started walking towards an empty table.

A. food B. turn C. bill D. menu

20.（2013安徽）Becoming fluent in a language will take years， but learning to get by （凑合，过得去） takes ________.

A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more

参考答案与解析

1. A 逻辑推理。从上文可知“Greenberg是一个很受欢迎的人”，可推断“街上的人都认识他”。故选A。

2. B 逻辑推理。上文提到“他像其他商人一样，穿着西装，带着公文箱”，但是“公文箱里总是装着几双手套”，由此可推出他是不一样的。故选B。

3. A 逻辑推理。由线索词but推出，这里应选与下文big相对应的small。故选A。

4. A上下义复现。由下文look at the sidewalk和 hurry down the street可知，look和hurry属于个人的行为表现， 故选A，act和look、hurry是上下义词复现。

5. B上下义复现。选项中family是下文中提到Michaels father的上义词，即上下义词复现，故选B。

6. C逻辑推理。由下文的场景“picking sweet corn”可知，爸爸是一个农民，故选C。

7. C词语同现。与sympathetic（同情的）和putting others first可能同时出现的应是considerate（体贴的），故选C。

8. C 逻辑推理，由表示转折的yet推出，选项中disappointing与上文success相对应，故选C。

9. 前空选C，词语复现。下文中提到的“drew picture”与选项中的“art”属于词语复现，故选C。

后空选B，逻辑推理/原词复现。上文中的场景提到“dark clouds covered the sky， and the storm set in”，在这样天气，孩子自然而然地会画出暗淡的图画。故选B。dark也是原词复现。

10. C 词语同现。由上文的场景at Palomar College可知，我只想取得自己的学位，词语同现。故选C。

11. B 逻辑推理。由下文可知，除了我之外，每个人都交上了朋友并玩得很开心，由此可推出我没有交上朋友，可见我是孤独的，故选B。

12. B 词语同现。上文提到的“die”与选项中的“heartbroken”词语同现，故选B。

13. 前空选A，逻辑推理。由语境“run away from home”可知，我离家出走，肯定要打包行李。故选A。

后空选B，词语复现。上文提到“run away”，本空格属于词语复现，故选D。

14. B 原词复现。下文提到“clothes”，本空格属于词语复现，故选B。

15. C 原词复现。上文提到了“door”有人敲门，接着就是门后的人回答，本空格属于词语复现。故选C。

16. A 词语同现。与下文所提到的“swimsuit”和“beach-house”同现的选项应是“beach”，故选A。

17. D 上下义复现。选项当中的“sight”是下文提到的“valley”“house”“windows”的上义词，即是上下义词复现，故选D。

18. B 逻辑推理。由下文提到“she never lets anyone put her down”，可推出Stephanie很坚强，故选B。

19. A 上下义复现。选项中的“food”是上文提到的“hamburgers”和“Coca Cola”的上义词，即是上下义词复现，故选A。

20. B 逻辑推理。由转折词but推出，选项中的“a lot less”与上文提到的“take years”相对应，故选B。

（作者单位：佛山市南海区罗村高级中学）

责任编校 蒋小青endprint