十招搞定阅读理解题（二）

屈培华

第五招：从指代关系处找答案。

为了简单明了地表达事物及逻辑关系，文章有时利用各种代词来代替上下文提到过的人、物或事。当代词前后的句子结构比较复杂时，这种指代关系往往不容易区分清楚。考查代词是阅读理解部分常见的一个测试项目，主要用来测试考生对文章中出现的词或词组的指代意义的理解能力。例如：

（2010年，广东广州）I heard a low hum （嗡嗡声）， which was growing louder. From a distance， a group of bees looked almost like a cloud of smoke. As it got closer， I realized it was actually thousands of bees flying towards me.

47. The underlined word “it” refers to ______.

A. a rock B. the group of bees

C. a hill D. the river

【思路点拨】该题为事实细节题。该题是在指代关系处设题。it指上文提到的a group of bees。答案为B。

第六招：从文章观点、态度处找答案。

文章中表达作者对于某人或某事的观点或态度的地方、涉及他人或组织机构的观点或态度的地方也常受命题人青睐。解题时要留意文章中出现think，guess，argue，believe，hate，against，decide等引出句子以及一些带有感情色彩的特殊句式，比如：祈使句、感叹句、反问句等。例如：

（2010年，宁夏）Another secret to living a happy life is to be active， and have hobbies where you forget your problems and time. Many people experience this by dancing， or playing a sport， such as swimming. You can forget about your problems， and only think about the activity. Finally， many people find happiness in helping others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others. If you want to feel happier， do good things for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies， go shopping to buy food for an elderly person， or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.

64. The writer thinks that ________.

A. everyone knows how to live a happier

life

B. its wrong to spend time on work

C. hobbies take up too much time

D. doing good things for someone can

make you happier

【思路点拨】该题为主旨归纳题。该题是在作者观点处命题。文章最后一段清楚地表明人们对待幸福的态度“最后，许多人在帮助别人时能找到幸福快乐。”由此说明人们对待幸福的态度。答案为D。

第七招：从因果关系处找答案。

文章中的因果关系也常是设题处。一般来说，这种题有两种形式：由原因推结果或由结论找原因。能够体现因果关系的词语包括连词because （of），since，as，so，for等。例如：

（2011年，河南）You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt， so you are very defensive. Youre shy and you dont usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.

54. What does the underlined word “defensive” mean in the passage？

A. 易怒的 B. 攻击性的

C. 外向的 D. 有戒心的

【思路点拨】该题为词义猜测题。前半句的意思是“你对自己的评价不高，经常保护自己不受伤害”，后半句是由“so”引导的句子，考点所在句采用因果关系，说明“因为……所以”，再结合下文“你很害羞”，可知“defensive”意为“保护的，有戒心的”。答案为D。

第八招：从特殊句式、复杂句式处找答案。

句子的主语、谓语和宾语是传达信息的主要载体，其他成分，不论有多么长，多么复杂它都是辅助成分。只要我们抓住了主要结构就容易判断了。解答这类题时，考生要注意弄清句子的层次逻辑关系。例如： （2011年，河南）In a normal night， of course， you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.

52. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality？

A. In the daytime.

B. At the beginning of sleep.

C. At night.

D. During the deep sleep.

【思路点拨】该题是在复杂句式处命题。文中“that best shows your secret personality”和“that you go to sleep”是两个定语从句，前面一个从句修饰先行词“position”，后一个从句修饰先行词the one。此类题需要深入分析逻辑层次，才能做出判断，得出正确答案。短语“go to sleep”意为“入睡”，所以选B。

第九招：从解释中找答案。

有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能，而有些词主要起语法作用，或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息有一些联系。这些非重要信息往往有一个同位语来解释说明它们的意思。我们还可以根据同一篇文章中的其他信息来帮助判断答案。这类信息有：同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下文以及标点符号，如破折号、冒号、括号都表示解释和说明。例如：

（2009年，安徽）Perhaps youve had such experiences as these. Most people have. But most of them havent realized that they have a memory problem. Neither do they know a simple but important fact： memory can be improved. If youll just accept that， the following will show you how.

92. When you forget things， you ______.

A. must be too careless

B. shouldnt lose heart about your memory

C. must accept the fact

D. shouldnt take notice of the result

【思路点拨】该题为推理判断题。该题是冒号处命题。冒号前提到“没有人知道这个简单而又重要的事实”，冒号后说明了这个事实：记忆力是可以提高的。从而推断出“不该对记忆力失去信心”，故选B。

第十招：从引言处找答案。

引言是增强文章说服力的一种有效手段。作者在论证自己的观点或阐述某一问题时，常会引用其他人或组织结构的论断、陈述及其研究发现等，以增强文章的说服力和可信度。因此，引言处也是出题人经常考查的地方。例如：

（2010年，重庆）Just before the final race， Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly. With the words of “You can， you can do it！” she won at last. She said， “I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team， to China. It was with the help of my team that I won the prize.”

60. In Wang Mengs opinion， ______ made her win the prize at last.

A. a strong body B. a bad cold

C. her teams help D. much exercise

【思路点拨】该题为事实细节题。答案为C。文中Wang Meng的引言为，“我感到这三枚金牌属于我们队，属于中国。它是在我们所有队员的帮助之下赢得的。”所以该题答案为C。此处是从引言处设题的典型例证。