牛津高中英语模块六Unit 3 &Unit 4语法教学设计

2013-04-29 15:52浦丽红
考试周刊 2013年77期
关键词:虚拟语气意图用法

浦丽红

[教材分析]

牛津高中英语模块六Unit 3和Unit 4语法是关于虚拟语气的讲解,Unit 3是if虚拟条件从句的三种基本用法,即:与现在事实相反的虚拟;与过去事实相反的虚拟;与将来事实相反的虚拟。Unit 4是虚拟语气几种特殊用法,比如:混合虚拟条件句;wish和would rather后宾语从句中的虚拟;as if,as though,even if,if only等引导的状语从句中的虚拟;otherwise,with,without,but for等词或词组引导含蓄条件,主句中的虚拟。假设用一节课四十五分钟学习一个单元的语法,内容会比较单薄,综合两单元内容比较恰当。

[教学目标]

1.知识目标:通过学习两单元语法内容,了解虚拟语气中的动词形式,掌握虚拟语气的各种用法。

2.能力目标:通过学习,达到如何使用虚拟语气提出建议及用虚拟语气表述自己还没有实现的愿望的目标。

3.情感、态度价值观目标:通过欣赏英文诗歌学习虚拟语气,促使学生感受到英语的美、学习英语的快乐,感受到枯燥语法也能轻松学习。

[教学重点]

虚拟语气各种形式。

[教学难点]

如何准确运用虚拟语气各种形式。

[教学过程]

Step Ⅰ:Lead in-enjoy the first poem

Ask students to read the following poem and translate it into Chinese.

If you were a teardrop;In my eye,

For fear of losing you,I would never cry

And if the golden sun,Should cease to shine its light,

Just one smile from you,Would make my whole world bright

如果你是我眼里的一滴泪;为了不失去你;我将永不哭泣;

如果金色的阳光停止了它耀眼的光芒;

你的一个微笑将照亮我的整个世界。

设计意图:

(1)让学生朗读并翻译如此美妙的诗歌,激起他们学习兴趣:这首诗歌和今天要学习的语法有什么相关联的?引导他们集中注意力,认真跟随老师的节奏继续学习。

(2)老师讲解:事实上“你”永远不可能是“我”眼睛里的一滴泪,金色的太阳也永远不会停止照耀,而要表达这种假设或主观愿望,在英语中我们使用虚拟虚拟语气。

Step Ⅱ:Three basic forms of unreal conditionals

Ask students to read the first three points on page 40 to find out in what cases the unreal conditionals are used.Ask them to pay attention to the tenses used in the examples under the three points.

1.We use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is real or is imaginary.

2.We also use unreal conditionals to refer to an imaginary past action.

3.We use the unreal future conditioals to talk about imaginary future situation.

设计意图:让学生自己探究学习,了解虚拟语气三种基本情况,并归纳出三种形式,即:

Present If...was/were/did...,would/could/might do...

Past If...had been/done...,would/could/might have done...

Future If...was/were/did...,would/could/might do...

Step Ⅲ:Practice

Rewrite the sentences using unreal conditionals.

1.Im not a teacher,so I wont tell my students to watch some English films and programmes.

2.The picnic wont be ruined because it doesnt rain tomorrow.

3.I wont get married in the USA,so I wont expect a present.

4.Since you didnt join the chat room ten minutes ago,you dont know what we were talking about.

设计意图:使学生进一步熟悉三种基本结构。

Step Ⅳ:Further study-enjoy the second poem

Ask students to read the poem and pay attention to another form of unreal conditional in the future situation.

How should we like it were stars to burn,

倘若群星燃烧着关怀我们的激情,

With a passion for us we could not return?

我们却无法回报,我们作何感想?

Were all stars to disappear or die,

倘若所有的星星消失或者消亡,

I should learn to look at an empty sky.

我应该学会仰望空荡的天空,

设计意图:用第二首诗歌引出虚拟语气的一个特殊情况:当与将来事实相反时,从句动词形式可以是were to/should do,并且if可省略,把were或should移到句首,进行倒装。

StepⅤ:Consolidation

Ask students to read sentences and a short passage on page 41 in the text book and rewite them.

設计意图:使学生熟练使用虚拟语气中的倒装用法。

Step Ⅵ:Enjoying the third poem

Show students the third poem asking them to find out why here unreal conditionals should be used.

Without you?Id be a soul without a purpose.

Without you?Id be an emotion without a heart.

Im a face without expression,A heart with no heat.

Without you by my side,Im just a flame without the heat.

没有你?我将是一个没有目的的灵魂;

没有你?我的情感将没有了根基;

我将是一张没有表情的脸;一颗停止跳动的心;

没有你在我身边;我只是一束没有热量的火焰。

设计意图:调节课堂气氛,避免通常语法课沉闷的以致使人昏昏欲睡的现象;引出虚拟语气第二种特殊情况:朗读完这首诗歌,学生需要自己找出这里使用虚拟语气的原因。他们发现没有if条件状语从句,但有without短语隐藏含蓄条件,主句也应该使用虚拟语气。同时提醒学生虚拟语气的用法并不是单一地、直接地用一般结构套用就可以的,它有许多特殊情况。

Step Ⅶ:Four special points

Ask students to read four points on page 56 and find out some rules of using unreal conditionals.Do Part A and Part B on page 57.

设计意图:让学生了解书本上虚拟语气的四种特殊情况,即:混合虚拟;隐含含蓄条件的虚拟;wish/would rather后宾语从句中的虚拟;as if/as though等引导的状语从句的虚拟。

做Part A和Part B两个练习,可使学生对新学知识进行巩固。

StepⅧ:Homework

Read the three poems more than twice and finish C1 and C2 on page 116,C1 and C2 on page 125 which are related to unreal conditionals.

[板书设计]

Unreal conditionals:

Present If...was/were/did...,would/could/might do...

Past If...had been/done...,would/could/might have done...

Future If...was/were/did...,would/could/might do...

Other cases:

1.Were...to do .../Should...do...,...would/could/might do...

Had...done...,would/could/might have done...

2.mixed conditionals

3.implied conditionals:with/without/but for/otherwise/or

4.as if/as though/if only

5.wish/would rather...did(与现在事实相反)

had done(与过去事实相反)

would/could/might do(与将来事实相反)

[教学反思]

学生惧怕学习英语,究其原因是他们觉得不容易掌握英语语言规则,不像数学、物理和化学有固定的公式可以套用。在语法面前学生往往感到束手无策,因为它枯燥乏味,变化多端,不是一成不变的。英语中的虚拟语气就是典型的例子。

一名称职的高中英语教师,在语法教学方面必须具有扎实功底。若轻松地教,学生愉快地学,灵活地运用,帮助学生跨过语法方面的一道道坎,学生自然会对英语产生兴趣,继而提高英语学习的能力。

牛津高中英语模块六高二上学期Unit 3和Unit 4的语法是关于虚拟语气的,我把此内容定为全市公开课的教学内容。书本上的要点很多,为使学生系统完整地学习这一语法,为使自己的课与众不同,我把两单元的内容结合在一起,凭借积累的教学经验,以“三”加“三”的形式把它们归纳总结,运用“探究式”语法教学方式进行教学,以诗歌为例,把虚拟语气语法教学串联起来,赋予语法课文化的品位,使学生不仅形象地了解语法,而且体验到英语语言之美,更得到一次文学熏陶。

例1:

If you were a teardrop;In my eye,

For fear of losing you,I would never cry

And if the golden sun,Should cease to shine its light,

Just one smile from you,Would make my whole world bright

如果你是我眼里的一滴淚;为了不失去你;我将永不哭泣;

如果金色的阳光停止了它耀眼的光芒;

你的一个微笑将照亮我的整个世界。

例2:

How should we like it were stars to burn,

倘若群星燃烧着关怀我们的激情,

With a passion for us we could not return?

我们却无法回报,我们作何感想?

Were all stars to disappear or die,

倘若所有的星星消失或者消亡,

I should learn to look at an empty sky.

我应该学会仰望空荡的天空,

例3:

Without you?Id be a soul without a purpose.

Without you?Id be an emotion without a heart.

Im a face without expression,A heart with no beat.

Without you by my side,Im just a flame without the heat.

没有你?我将是一个没有目的的灵魂;

没有你?我的情感将没有了根基;

我将是一张没有表情的脸;一颗停止跳动的心;

没有你在我身边;我只是一束没有热量的火焰。

华美的语句,贴切的意境,对于这样的语法课,学生怎能不感兴趣,从课堂气氛来看,学生很接受这样的课,从学生接下来所做的练习来看,他们掌握的非常好,运用起来非常得心应手。

公开课是一次展现自我的机会,是同行交流探讨的一个很好的载体,更是对自己教学能力的一次锤炼。从教这么多年我还没有听过一节语法教学公开课,因为老师们都觉得它是个“烫山芋”,语法教学课堂气氛怎能活跃起来?语法教学怎能不啰哩啰唆?语法教学成为躲在闺房里的小姐,怎能大家观赏?

华东师范大学王斌华教授对我这节课的评价是:学习英语虚拟语气时,学生难以从母语中找到借鉴,因而会感到比较陌生。授课教师巧妙地引用三首诗歌来创设学习的情境,令人耳目一新。诗歌优美的韵律营造了一种愉悦的学习氛围,同时诗歌中激情而夸张的语言又让学生深刻地领会到了虚拟语气的语境和独特的表示方法,收到了事半功倍的效果。

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