英译外贸合同中的介词选用研究

2013-03-27 19:10
对外经贸 2013年10期
关键词:装运卖方买方

石 雪

(洛阳理工学院,洛阳河南471023)

一、单介词的选用

(一)表达“在……之内,在一段时间之内”

1.用within来翻译

例1:一年之内如发生任何损伤,均由我们负责赔偿。

We will pay for any damagewhich resultswithin a year.

例2:在合理的期限内支付。

Payment is to bemade within reasonable time.

例3:本合同下的所有货物应在六月上旬交货。

All the merchandise under the contract shall be delivered within the first ten days of June.

例4:六月中旬装运。

Shipmentwithin the second ten days of June.

例5:六月下旬装运。

Shipmentwithin the last ten days of June.

例6:10月下旬至11月上旬装运。

Shipmentwithin the last eleven-day period of October and the first ten-day period of November.

在翻译某月(如五月)上旬、中旬或下旬这些日期时,千万不要把上旬译为early May,把中旬译为themiddle May,把下旬译为late May。这种译法或写法不准确,在一般文体中可以用,但在作为法律文件的经贸契约中应尽量避免。在翻译下旬时如遇大月,如七月下旬应译为the last eleven days of July或the last eleven-day period of July.

2.用within…after来翻译

例7:货物的质量保证期为自货物在目的港卸货完毕之日起两个月内。

The guarantee period iswithin twomonths after the date of the completion of unloading of the goods at the portof destination.

例8:买方就本合同提出的任何索赔,都必须在货物到达提单所载目的地后30天内,以电报向卖方提出。

Any claim by the buyer ofwhatever nature arising under this contract shall be made by cable within thirty days after arrival of themerchandise at the destination stipulated in the bill of lading.

3.用within…from来翻译

例9:汇票需自提单日期起15天内在中国议付,但不得超过2011年7月15日。

Draftmust be negotiated in China within 15 days from the date of B/L but not later than 15th July 2011.

例10:若有索赔,必须在目的地卸货日后14天内用电报提出,超过14天提出的索赔应视为无效。

Claims,if any,shall be filed by cable within fourteen days from the date of discharge of the goods at the destination.Claims after the lapse of fourteen days shall be considered as null and void.

4.用no later than…after来翻译

例11:议付单据必须在运输单据签署后21天内提交,但要在信用证的有效期内提交。

Documentsmustbe presented no later than 21 days after the date of issuance of the transport documents butwithin the validity of this credit.

例12:不可抗力:卖方应尽快地将所发生的事件通知对方,并应在事件发生后15天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方。

FORCE MAJEURE:The Seller shall inform the other party of its occurrence in written as soon as possible and thereafter send a certificate of the event issued by the relevant authority to the other party butno later than 15 days after its occurrence.

5.用for来翻译

例13:我们同意从确定接受投标之日起的……天内遵守本投标书,并在该期限满期以前的任何时间,本投标书仍应对我们有约束力,并可随时被接受中标。

We agree to abide by this tender for the period of……days from the date for receiving the same and it shall remain binding upon us and may be accepted at any time before the expiration of that period.

例14:For fifteen days inclusive of the day of dispatch.

十五天,包括发信日在内。

例15:For fifteen days exclusive of the day of dispatch.

十五天,不包括发信日在内。

例16:During the sixmonths terminating Dec 31st.

从12月31日截止的六个月时间之内。

例17:For fifteen days or a fraction thereof.

15天或15天以内。

(二)表达“在……之前,在……以前”

1.用by来翻译

例18:信用证须在四月底前送抵卖方。

The letter of credit shall reach seller by the end of A-pril.

例19:本合同下的所有货物必须在12月15日到达目的港。

All the goods under the contract shall reach the port of destination by Dec 15th.

有时为了保险起见,把介词on和by用连接词or连起来,表示“在日或日之前”。

例20:5月30日以前装运,但以买方信用证在4月15日或4月15日前到达卖方为限。

Shipment by May 30th subject to buyer’s letter of credit reaching seller on or by April 15th.

2.用before来翻译

例21:十月底以前装货。

Shipment before the end of October.

也许还是为了保险起见,合同起草人也常把on和before与or连在一起使用,表示“在日或在日之前”。

例22:在3月15日或3月15日前装运。

Shipment on or before March 15th.

By与before的区别在于当英译终止时间时,比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所写日期时,就用介词by;如果不包括所写日期,即指到所写日期的前一天为止,就要用介词before。如:

例23:卖方需在7月10日前将货物交给买方。

The seller should deliver the goods to the buyer by July 10.(or:before July 11,说明含7月10日在内。如果不含7月10日,就译为by July 9或者before July 10.)

(三)表达“在……之后,在……以后”

1.用after来翻译

例24:合同一经签订,价格不允许变动。

No price adjustment shall be allowed after the conclusion of the contract.

例25:以不可撤销的信用证,凭卖方即期跟单汇票议付,有效期应为装运期后15天在中国到期。

Payment by irrevocable letter of credit available by sellers’documentary draft at sight,to be valid for negotiation in China until fifteen days after date of shipment.

2.in与after的不同

当英译表示“多少天之后”的时间时,往往是指“多少天之后”的确切的一天,所以必须用介词in而不能用after,因为介词after指的是“多少天之后”的不确定的任何一天。如:

例26:该货于11月10日由“东风”轮运出,41天后抵达鹿特丹港。The good shall be shipped per M.V.“Dong Feng”on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rotterdam in 41 days.(M.V.=motor vessel)

3.on/upon与after的不同

当英译“……到后,就……”时,用介词 on/upon,而不用 after,因为 after表示“之后”的时间不明确。

例27:发票货值须货到付给。

The invoice value is to be paid on/upon the arrival of the goods.

(四)表达“从……到……(止)”

1.用from…to+inclusive来翻译

例28:该合同从2002到2005年三年期间有效。

The said contract shall remain effective from the years 2002 to 2005 inclusive.

例29:从5月1日到15日(包括1日和15日)。

From the first to the fifteenth of May both inclusive.

该句还可以译为:From the first to the fifteenth of May inclusive.

例30:从星期一到星期五(头尾两天包括在内)。

From Monday to Friday inclusive.

以下译法也是常见的:

例31:从明天上午起(包括明天上午)。

From and including tomorrow morning.

例32:从毁约之日起(包括毁约之日)。

From the date of the breach.

2.用(from)… up to+including来翻译

例33:钢筋的尺寸应包括从8毫米到16毫米范围内的所有尺寸(包括16mm)。

The steel bars shall include all sizes ranging from 8mm up to 16mm and including 16mm.

例34:本合同应到1998年12月31日终止(包括12月31日)。

The contract shall expire up to and including December 31,1998.

例35:本合同拖期违约罚金限额到20000美元止(包括20 000美元)。

The limit of liquidated damages shall be up to US$20000 inclusive.

也可译为:The limit of liquidated damages shall be up to themaximum of US$20000.

二、介词与连词的搭配使用

(一)and/or

常用and/or英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容,这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。如:

例36:如果上述货物对船舶和(或)船上其它货物造成任何损害,托运人应负全责。

The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.

(二)by and between

常用by and between强调合同是由“双方”签订的,因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋予的责任。

例37:买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。

This Contract ismade by and between the Buyer and the Seller,whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.

(三)on and after与 on or before

常用来表达含当天日期在内的起止时间。

例38:自9月20日起,甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。

Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.

例39:我公司的条件是,3个月内,即不得晚于5月1日,支付现金。

Our terms are cash within threemonths,i.e.on or before May 1.

[1]吴丽荣,张光.外贸合同翻译探讨[J].中国商贸,2010(14).

[2]刘晓娟.从语篇结构分析外贸合同的翻译要素[J].广西职业技术学院学报,2008(2).

[3]周红.英文经贸合同的语言特点及翻译[J].商场现代化,2008(3).

[4]张翼飞.商务英语合同的词汇特点及翻译技巧[J].中国商贸,2011(21).

[5]陈玥.试论商务英语的文体风格[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2009(5).

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