魏亚宏
摘要: 本文在新课程背景下,以高中英语必修一Unit5中的Warming up and Pre-reading为案例,举例说明了如何设计说课。
关键词: 新课程高中英语教学说课设计
一、教材分析
1.课程标准分析
在英语教学中落实新课程标准,就是贯彻执行国家教育部关于课程改革的决定。新课程标准的三维教学观,具体到英语学科就是要整合发展学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识五个方面的素养,培养学生综合运用语言的能力。开展课堂探究是培养学生综合语言运用能力的最佳手段。所以在教学设计中,在教学活动中要有情景创设、学生探究、学生自主处理问题及巩固训练等环节,以便于培养学生自主学习的能力。
2.Unit 5中的Warming up and Pre-reading在教材中的地位和作用
这一课是高一必修一第五单元的热身和读前部分,本单元的中心话题是“伟人的品质,几位伟人的生平”,其中心内容是围绕当代英雄纳尔逊·曼德拉展开的。“热身(Warming UP)”部分列出了24个形容词,要求学生从中选择哪些可以用来描述伟人,引导学生思考伟人应具有的品质,注意提高自身的素质。这样的安排既突出了本单元的主题——伟人的品格,又体现了本单元的功能项目——发表意见与评论。“读前(Pre-reading)”部分以表格的形式提供了一些重要的历史人物,要求学生读懂每个人的基本情况,设计了论题:著名的人物是否也就是伟大的人物。让学生结合书中所列的古今中外的六位人物展开讨论、发表意见,判断他们当中谁能称得上是伟人,谁仅仅是重要人物,并说出理由。这样的安排从学生的生活经验和兴趣出发,让学生阐述自己的观点,目的是培养他们的观察能力和语言表达能力,引导他们对阅读文章积极思考,为下面的阅读做好了充分准备。
本课作为单元的第一部分,首先为后面的阅读教学提供了话题和语境,又具有为后面几节课的学习扫清语言和文化障碍的作用。本课是单元整体教学的重要环节,在单元教学中发挥着重要作用,有助于学生学好本单元的其余部分。因此,本课在教材中处于重要地位。
3.教学目标的确立及其依据
(1)知识目标
a)语言知识目标:掌握并熟练运用本课中规定的课标词汇及发表意见的功能用语(略)。
b)文化知识目标:了解伟人的品格及列举的著名人物的生平事迹,以及他们所生活的时代背景。树立正确的价值观,区分名人与伟人的概念。
(2)能力目标:在本节课结束后,学生能够
a)选取适当的形容词描述著名人物,能简单介绍他们的成就。
b)能使用阅读策略Scanning迅速地从阅读材料中获取主要信息从而了解更多伟人或名人的情况。
c)能用恰当的语言简单地描述人物,并简单地表达自己的意见,初步总结和归纳伟人的共性和特点。
(3)情感、态度与价值观目标:了解伟人的生平事迹,认识伟人应具备的优秀品质,学习他们在艰苦的环境下为人类作贡献,不追求享乐的高尚精神,树立正确的价值观,提高自身的素质。
确立教学目标的依据:根据英语新课程标准的规定,培养学生的综合语言运用能力是新课程的总目标之一,而综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整合发展的基础上。
4.重点、难点的确立及其依据
(1)重点:引导学生思考伟人应具有的品质。
(2)难点:用英语发表意见和评论。
确立重点和难点的依据:新课标的要求,以及本课的内容和性质在教材中的地位和作用。
二、学情分析
1.已有的知识和经验
虽然我校高一学生大部分是少数民族地区的少数民族学生,但在现代传媒非常发达的今天,作为社会成员之一并接受过正规的学校教育的他们对伟人、名人和英雄人物这一话题已具备了基本的感性认知,对这一话题也比较熟悉和感兴趣,但他们也可能因缺乏外国文化背景知识而对一些国外名人了解不够(如William Tyndale等)。
2.存在的困难和障碍
由于我校高一新生普遍英语基础知识不够扎实和灵活运用语言的技能相对薄弱的实际(如一部分学生词汇缺乏或者不经常使用英语表达和交流甚至因为害怕犯错误在课堂上表现不积极等原因),要引导学生思考伟人应具备的品质并使学生学会发表评论和表达自己的看法即展开对话和说英语会有一定难度。
三、教法和学法的确立及其依据
1.教学方法
a)情景教学法(Total Situational Action):“Its a sense- activityteaching method.It establishes a real sense and the interaction between the teacher and the Ss.”
b)任务教学法(“Task-based”language teaching):“It offers the Ss an opportunity to complete the tasks in which Ss use language to achieve a specific outcome.The activity reflects real life and learners focus on meaning,they are free to use any language they want.”简单地说,就是学生用英语做一件事或完成一项任务。
c)观察—模仿—实践三步教学法(“Observation—Imitation—Practice”)
2.学习策略
a)讨论式学习(Discussion Learning methods)
b)探究式学习(Probe study)
c)合作学习(Cooperative study)
In a word,Ill have Ss study in a relaxed atmosphere.Ss understand the new knowledge in certain degree through the mental process of seeing,hearing,saying,observing,thinking etc.And make preparation for completing the new study task.After feeling and understanding the language points,let Ss get the knowledge actively by probe study and cooperative study.
确立教法和学法的依据:根据教学内容及其性质和新课标的要求(发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用),为了更好地实现教学目标,突出重点和突破难点及学生的基本情况。
四、教学程序的确立及其依据
1.教学手段
主要以现代化电教手段——多媒体辅助教学等,贯穿整个教学过程。能增强直观性和趣味性,加大课堂密度,强化教学效果。
2.设计思路
采取三步走六个环节(即六个任务活动),六个活动能环环相扣,紧密联系,承上启下,体现出“观察—模仿—实践”三步教学法的理念。
3.教学流程
Step1 Lead in(5)
Activity Task:Showing & Asking
Show some pictures of famous or great people and encourage Ss to give as much information as possible by asking Ss simple questions.
Purpose of my design:To get Ss to know something about famous or great persons;To arouse the studentsinterest of study.To bring in new subject-qualities of great men.
Step2 Warming up(7+9=16)
Activity Task1:Describing your partners(Pair work/ 7)
Get Ss to ask the questions each other,and then ask several pairs to present it before class.Encourage Ss to try to use the adjectives in Warming up on page33 to describe.Meanwhile,Ill use the opportunity to teach Ss new words(using explanation and reading-after-me methods)
Questions:
1)What kind of person is your partner/deskmate?
2)What qualities does your partner have?
3)Do you think he or she will become a great person in the future?
Activity task2:Discussion(group work/ 9)
Get Ss to work in groups of four to discuss the questions:
“What adjectives below would you use to describe a great person?”
“What qualities does a great person have?”
Encourage Ss to list several adjectives for question1 and five or six qualities that they think great persons have.Then invite Ss to write them down on the blackboard.Finally,help Ss to draw a conclusion by giving some qualities for Ss to decide“Yes”or“No”.
“Yes”or“No”:
A great person is someone who...
A.has a great idea and should be determined,hard-working,unselfish and generous.
B.has devoted his /her life or sacrificed to fight for freedom or the rights of other human beings;
C.always helps others unselfishly and gives up something to achieve his/her goal;
D.made other peoples dreams of a better life come true.
E.should follow his ideas and never lose heart when he is in trouble.
F.should be willing to do public service work without pay,be active in social activities,gets on well with others,and help others,etc.
Purpose of my design:通过创设情境和任务,学生合作学习谈论身边熟悉的伙伴所具有的品质进而小组谈论伟人所具有的品质,通过电脑辅助教学来展示活动2能更容易让学生了解伟人的品质。两个活动能激发学生学习英语的兴趣,培养学生用恰当的语言简单地描述人物并简单地表达自己的意见的能力。
Step3 Pre-reading(3+5+10=18)
Activity Task1:Guessing game(3)
Get Ss to close their books and present them some information of great people for Ss guess who they are.
Purpose of my design:激发学生学习兴趣,导入话题,为讨论做好准备。
Activity Task2:Scanning(Individual work 5)
Scan the information about these six men and fill in the chart.
Purpose of my design: 引导学生独立阅读这部分六位人物的事迹,使用寻读法获取有用信息,既能训练学生的阅读技能,又能为下一步的对话讨论做好准备。
Activity Task3: Discussing and speaking (10)
Let Ss work in pairs to discuss the following questions:
1). Do you think they are important people?Why or why not?
2) Do you think all of them are great people?
3). Which of them are great men and which are just important men ?Give your reasons for your decision.
When they are discussing, remind the Ss to use the following expressions for giving and asking for opinions:
In order to lead Ss to discuss and speak smoothly, Ill present Ss a sample dialogue:
A: Do you think these six men are important people?
B: Yes, I think so. Because they have done something important to benefit a country or the world.
A: Do you believe (think/agree) all of them are great people?
B: No, I dont believe all of them are great people.
A: What qualities do you think make a great man?
B: In my opinion, a great man is someone who...
A: Im with you. Which of them are great men?
B: To my understanding ,...are great people because...
A: Which ones do you think are just important men?
B: I feel that ...are important men?
A: Why do you think so?
B: ...
Several minutes later, ask some pairs to act their dialogues.
Purpose of my design: 新课标规定,面对口语交际的困难,教师如何帮助学生使之有话可说并能顺利地表达自己的思想呢?首先,教师应尽可能地帮助学生熟悉话题(通过前面的输入性活动——展示、观察、模仿、查读等);其次,教师应要求学生学习教材中所提到的功能意念项目(常用表达法),说明其功能和意义(活动2中我提醒学生用发表意见和评论的表达法);再次,教师可以介绍一些交际策略帮助学生顺利进行口语交际(eg. presenting Ss a sample dialogue);最后,教师要关注学生的情感,保护他们的自尊心,多鼓励、多交流,在班级里创造一种温暖、宽容、和谐的学习氛围。
Homework:
1. Write a passage of 50 words to describe a hero in your mind, including his name, things he did, his qualities, etc. Hand in your composition tomorrow.
2. Review the words that you have learned in Warming Up and Pre-reading sections.
4. 板书设计
Unit5 Warming up and pre-reading
注:本案例是我于2011年10月参加“甘肃省2011年高中课程课堂教学说课竞赛”的说课教学设计并荣获一等奖,未经本人同意任何人不得引用。