ABSTRACT

ScientificConceptofDevelopmentfromthePerspectiveofCapitalCritique

—BasedonofMarx′sEconomicPhilosophyManuscriptsof1844

HE Jian-jin

(Philosophy Department, Fujian Provincial Committee Party School, Fuzhou, Fujian 350012, China)

Abstract: Socialism with Chinese characteristics has a close relationship with the return and growth of capital in China. To implement the scientific concept of development, we must confront the problem of scientifically controlling the capital. In Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, Marx criticized the three old philosophical thinking of treating capital: Object-oriented thinking, intuitive thinking, purely spiritual abstract thinking, and he established his own unique understanding of the capital that is to understand the capital from the human perceptual activities and practical activities. Contemporary Chinese society exist the problem of underdevelopment and abnormal development, and the three heterogeneity problems of pre-modern, modern, post-modern concurrent. In order to implement the scientific concept of development, we must reject any abstract positive or negative to modern basic principles under the guidance of the capital, against the eternal capital theory and capital theory of evil, and we must oppose the thinking that the capital is eternal or evil.

socialism with Chinese characteristics; capital; national economics; scientific concept of development

ThePhilosophicalStartingPointofMarx′sScientificIntegrationTheory

—ThesesonFeuerbach

TAN Yang-fang

(Research School of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Research, Beijing 100732, China)

Abstract: This article lists Marx′s integration thinking of natural science and humanities and social science from Theses on Feuerbach. From the following three aspects: as natural existence, human is motile; as objectivity existence, human is passive; as social existence, human is the unity of motility and passivity, this article explains that Theses on Feuerbach is the philosophical starting point of Marx′s integration theory of natural sciences and the humanities and social sciences.

Keywords: Marx; Natural Science; Humanities and Social Sciences; integration; starting point

ShouldScientistBearResponsibilityfortheMisuse,Abuse,orViciousUseofScience

LI Xing-min

(Association for the Journal of Dialectics of Nature, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract: On the basis of defining concepts of misuse, abuse, and vicious use of science, and of comparing two opposite views and their reasons whether scientists should bear responsibility for them or not, this paper shows men should not force scientists into bearing direct responsibility for bad uses (by others). But scientists must possess with a sense of responsibility and a spirit of self-regulation in the scientific researches, and they have to do something. Scientific community should regulate or constrain the scientific researches with a high sense of social responsibility and consciousness, or by taking the necessary preventive measures, or laying down the related rules. The paper finally discusses the ways to resolve misuse, abuse, and vicious use of science.

Keywords: scientist; science; misuse; abuse; vicious use; responsibility

VariousResearchesinQuantumGravity

WU Xin-zhong

(Department of Scientific History, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

Abstract: Relativity theory and quantum theory are uncompleted physics revolution in 20th century, and quantum gravity is the most difficult physics question in the 21st century. There are three roads to quantum gravity. The first is superstring theory that originated from quantum field theory, and it regards fundamental particles as vibrating strings, while supergravity is non-renormalized and string theory is difficult to understand cosmological inflation. The second is loop quantum gravity that regards space-time as discrete. The third is like Roger Penrose′s twister theory that regards causality as fundamental. However, loop quantum gravity and twister theory are difficult to combine with quantum field theory.

Keywords: superstring; loop quantum gravity; twister theory

TheSalaryStandardPrinciplesofPublicServant

ZHANG Ya

(School of Politics and Public Administration, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, China)

Abstract: The public servant′s salary level has a great influence upon the stability and overall development of economy and society and also has an impact on the decision; reform and improvement of salary readjust system. In order to adapt to the market economy and promote social justice, we should insist on the fundamental principles, epochal principles and operational principles of salary standard determination of public servant.

Keywords: market economy; social justice; fundamental principles; operational principles

TheSocialConflictofFloodControlPolicywiththeDownstreamAreasofHuaiheRiver(1579—1949)

MA Jun-ya1, 2

(1.Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China; 2.Research Center of History of the Republic of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China)

Abstract: In Ming and Qing dynasties, the central government moved the Yellow River into the Northern region of Jiangsu Province in order to maintain the "general situation" of water transport, and the government spent a hundred years to build a very large reservoir of Hungtse in the downstream areas of Huaihe River, where actually is not suitable for building such reservoir, thus, as "partial interest", the areas become a sacrifice. Therefore, the flood control policy of this region in the Ming and Qing dynasties is subordinated to political needs, basically nothing to do with agricultural production and the livelihood of this region, and brings the region more disaster.

Keywords: flood control; Huaihe River; Hungtse

OntheDifficultiesoftheTributeGrain′sSeaTransportinDaoguangPeriodfromtheRespectiveofWaterTransport′sSocialFunction

CAO Zhi-min

(History Culture College, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China)

Abstract: In Jiadao Period of Qing Dynasty, it is very difficult to transport the tributary grain from the Great Canal. At that time China′s sea-going ability was unparallel in the world, but the central governments abandoned sea route and persisted in transporting the tributary grain with the Grand Canal. The academic circles summed up the reasons such as Daoguang Emperor lacked the reform boldness and some interest groups obstructed the reform. This article researches the social function of grain transporting in political and social realm and reveals the complication of the reform of grain transportation.

Keywords: water transport; social function; sea transport in Daoguang Period; the difficulty of sea transport reform.

Australia′sIndigenousPolicybeforeMulticulturalPolicies

WANG Shi-ming

(History Department of School of Humanities, Suzhou Institute of Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China)

Abstract: In the early 1970s, before Australia implemented multicultural policy, although the white had not fundamentally changed the view that the indigenous people are barbaric and uncivilized, in different historical periods, their attitude towards the indigenous people had a subtle change. This change will inevitably have a major impact on the indigenous policy, thus forming the indigenous policy with specific contents and distinct stage features. But no matter what form of the indigenous policy, the policy can not cover up the inhumane and discriminatory nature.

Keywords: Australia; indigenous policy; multicultural policy

VernacularGeographicTravelsintheLateQingDynasty:LiteraryValueandHistoricalSignificance

HU Quan-zhang

(College of Liberal Arts, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China)

Abstract: In the late Qing Dynasty, Chinese Vernacular Newspaper and Henan Vernacular Scientific Newspaper published a number of vernacular geographic travels with strong literary flavor and perfect chapter structure, which are the important achievements for vernacular creation and have literary value. These vernacular geographic travels inherit the tradition, while adding modern factors, and achieve a creative transformation. Some vernacular travels should be selected in all kinds of language textbooks of the 20-40 years of the 20th century.

Keywords: the late Qing Dynasty; vernacular geographic travel; vernacular Taoist; Liu Shipei; Henan Vernacular Scientific Newspaper

EnglishRenaissance:ConceptsofPoetandLiteraryMorphology

WU Yi, LIU Li-hui

(School of Foreign Languages, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)

Abstract: At the transitional period of the 16th and 17th centuries, English writers speculated a lot on what roles a poet should take on. This pure speculation of poets′ roles has much to do with genre, function of poetry, religious motifs, and finally the establishment of a national literature. English poets, by means of artistic pursuits, wanted to participate in such worldly affairs as politics, religion, national identity, and also poets′ own living conditions. Earthly concerns and artistic consciousness laid the foundation for the great tradition of English literature.

Keywords: English Renaissance: concepts of poet; literary morphology

TheStudyof"Media"

LI Yong1, LI Jiao2

(1.Media Institute, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China; 2.Library, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China)

Abstract: For media study, we must first determine what the "media" is and what the object of media study is. From the view of Chinese and Western cultural history, the connotation of media has broad sense and narrow sense. Accordingly, with the change of media′s connotation, the media′s extended meaning has different forms. According to "Lasswell model", the object of media study should contain the five areas: media institutions, media texts, media technology, and media audiences and media social effects. In this way, we can sort out the relationship of the media research, medium research and media cultural studies (media criticism), in order to ensure the scientificalness and rigor of the premise of media research.

Keywords: media; the study of media

TheCognitiveExplanationoftheRedundancyintheSubordinateCompoundWordsofModernChinese

LUO Shu

(International Cultural Exchange School, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200083, China)

Abstract: This article discusses the redundancy in the subordinate compound words of modern Chinese, and analyzes its five semantic structures, including the whole + the part, the strong feature + the main body, the species name + the genus name, the vehicle + the similarity, the transliteration + the genus name / the concerning object + the transliteration. It also explores its cognitive motivation. Gestalt perception is the foundation of redundancy in the subordinate compound words; figure-ground mode is the fundamental way of its production.

Keywords: redundancy; the subordinate compound words; gestalt perception; figure-ground mode