Contents & Abstracts

On Experiences and Lessons of the CPSU's Handling with Inner-Party Contractions

Zhou Shangwen (3)

Abstract: The inner-party contractions and debates of proletarian parties in the revolutionary time are mainly about how to obtain the regime; while in the ruling time, such contractions mainly focus on how to rule the nation. The paper argues that inner-party contractions during the ruling time are usually idea divergences of administration, sometimes are struggle of political power. When these two are interweaved, those contractions and debates will be more fierce. The paper points out that the study of CPSU's handling with inner-party contractions, debates, and its recognition of inner-party sects, may promote our understanding of ruling principles of communist parties.

Keywords: CPSU; Inner-party contractions in the ruling time; Experiences and lessons

The Soviet Union Model: a Both Institutionalized and De-Institutionalized System

Ni Jiamin

(12)

Abstract: The Soviet Union model is a highly institutionalized system, but due to the lack of modern institutional environment, a series of institution arrangements were produced by political power. It made the institutionalization system be distorted and obscured in all levels of political economic system and ideology. This kind of institutionalization is of self-contradiction. De-institutionalization is its inevitable tendency and response. The co-existence of institutionalization and de-institutionalization is the fundamental reason of the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Keywords: Soviet Union model; Institutionalization; De-institutionalization

On Soviet Union's Culture Safety and Its Result from Globalization Perspective

Zhang Suyun Xiao Cong

(20)

Abstract: Under the background of globalization, communications of nations greatly develop. And all kinds of culture inevitably interact, influence and permeate each other. Therefore, the problem of culture safety becomes prominent. The essay makes an analysis on the important characters and essence of culture safety from the globalization perspective, and concludes some lessons of the Soviet Union. It proposes that socialist countries should identify the strategy position of culture safety under the globalization background, make strategy measures to cope with challenges of western culture hegemonism and keep culture safety.

Keywords: Globalization; Culture safety of the Soviet Union; Result

Experience and Inspiration:Water Quality Management System of the Great Lakes Region in the US and Canada

Tao Xidong

(25)

Abstract: China's rapid urbanization and industrialization result in great consumption of water resources and trans-boundary water pollution. How to break the boundaries of administrative divisions and build a cross-border water quality management system are government's current focuses. From a comparative perspective, the paper analyzes the history of cross-border water quality governance mechanism of Great Lakes in the US and Canada, and then puts forward an effective solution to cross-border pollution problems in China.

Keywords: Great Lakes region; Water quality management system; Experience; Inspiration

On Technology Transference Mechanism Coping with Climate Change

Zhou Fengqi

(33)

Abstract : To cope with global climate change, the world has to face, not the lack of technology, but the lack of efficient mechanisms of making the existing technology transfer. Acutally the creation of new technology is necessary to solve the climate change. The essay argues that tranference and use of the existing technology are necessary conditions for those developing countries toward a low carbon economy. To obtain the goal, developing countries need to build suitble institutions and net sysetms. Therefore, technology transference, especially the transference from developed countries to developing ones may be carried out in the platform of those hard powers and soft ones. And cities between developed and developing countries should establish a common program to look for a new way to greenhouse gas emission reduction and sustainable development.

Keywords : Climate change ; Related techonology of climate change ; Techonology transfer

On Development of Low Carbon Economy of China's Industry under the Background of Global Climate Change

Lang Chunlei

(39)

Abstract: Under the background of global climate change, China's industrial structure has been greatly challenged by carbon emission reductions. But at the same time, global climate change and low carbon economy development produce opportunities for China's industry development. The essay mainly discusses on those challenges and opportunities of industry under the background of climate change. It also makes some proposals about ways of development of low carbon economy.

Keywords: Climate change; Low carbon economy; Industrial structure; Developmental emissions

On Regional Gap of China's Urbanization: a New Institutional Analysis Framework and Policy Significance

Xie Jinghui

(48)

Abstract: Since the reform and opening-up, the urbanization in China has had a great development. However, in such process, the gap of urbanization among different regions is becoming larger. Those middle and west regions are more backward than east regions. The article argues that it results from the fact that a series of institution designs in the 1980s made obvious institutional difference. In details, those differences include three aspects: the degree of marketization; the degree of opening-up; and the degree of financial input. It proposes that those backward regions should try to breakthrough institutional restricts.

Keywords: Urbanization; Prompt; Institutional factor

Informal Employment: Policy Adjustment and System Innovation

Zhang yan

(56)

Abstract: Since the reform and opening up, China's economic structure and employment have undergone enormous changes: the traditional dominant formal employment model is increasingly replaced by the dual model of formal and informal employment. This paper explores the scientific definition of informal employment, and in particular investigates various relevant policies and strategies that can be put into operation. The goal is to overturn the polarized thinking of "You can't have your cake and eat it too" and identify the appropriate government intervention mechanism, which balances market mechanism and the government oversight.

Keywords: Informal Employment; Definition; Policy; System

Assessment of Chinese Birth Control Policies and Their Future Orientations

Bao Leiping

(67)

Abstract: Since the 1960s, Chinese birth control policies may be categorized into generalized birth-control policy and only-child policy. Based on the assessment of the population control effect of these two types of policies, the article argues that only-child policy should be treated as the product of the special historical time, for its population control effect is no better than that of generalized birth-control policy. In the new era, only-child policy needs to transform in many aspects, such as the concept of public policy, the effect of population control and the execution of fundamental department. To adjust population effectively and fairly in the long term, future policy's orientation should be reconsidered not only in the number of off-springs but also in the policy ideas emphasized in this paper.

Keywords: Birth control policy; Concept of public policy; Effect of population control

A Cross-Cultural Study on Impacts of Social Value on Environmental Risk Perceptions

Duan Hongxia

(78)

Abstract:This cross-cultural study between China and the US intends to examine how people's perceptions of environmental risk and social value vary within different social, cultural, and political systems, and how social value affects environmental risk perceptions. The results indicate that the Chinese take more care about environmental risks, and they perceive the environmental issues to be riskier to health, to the environment, and to social economic development than the Americans do. Even though unexplained variances of environmental risk perceptions remain, social value has much influence on predicting environmental risk perceptions. Actually, the influence varies within two cultures.

Keywords:Environmental risk; Risk management; Risk perception; Social value; Cultural difference

Triple Crises and Law Response in the Financial Tsunami

Lou Jianbo

(86)

Abstract: The current financial tsunami consists of triple crises, i.e., the sub-prime loan crisis, the structure finance crisis and the crisis of financial globalization. They take place respectively in the normal financial market, the derivatives market and international financial market. The paper argues that three levels of financial crisis have posed different challenges on current legal infrastructure, at both domestic and international levels, relevant to both regulatory regime and commercial/private law regime. It suggests that the law should respond in the following three perspectives, i.e., the reform of the Bretton Woods system, the improvement of financial regulation, and importantly but unfortunately ignored, the reshuffling of commercial/private law governing financial transactions.

Keywords: Financial tsunami; Sub-prime loan crisis; Structure finance crisis; Crisis of financial globalization

The Conceptual Theory of Distinguishing the Burden of Proof from the Burden of the Provision of Proof: Observations in the Context of China

Huo Haihong

(95)

Abstract: The double implications theory of the burden of proof, from which flows theoretic research on the burden of proof in the 1980s in China, brings about some world revolutionary achievement of the theory of the burden of proof. However, at least in the context of China, the conceptual framework of the double implications theory can not precisely define burden of proof; completely guarantee the certainty and clearness of the theory of burden of proof; effectively achieve understanding and communication in the judicial process; and complete the task of legislation scientifically and normatively. The article distinguishes the burden of proof in the sense of outcome from that in the sense of act. The former should be called the burden of proof and the latter the burden of the provision of proof. The misleading Chinese term "Juzheng Zeren" should be abandoned gradually in the academic circle in order to consolidate the revolutionary achievement caused by the double implications theory.

Keywords: Burden of proof; Burden of the provision of proof; Context of China

The Difference between Analogy and Expanding Interpretation in Criminal Law

Hu Dongfei

(104)

Abstract: Analogy is forbidden as a means of reconstructing legal norms in the domain of criminal law, rather than prohibited as a way of legal thinking. Therefore, we can not refuse to take analogy (or reason by analogy) as a way of thinking in order to complete judgments whether tapes of constitutional requirements are satisfied in the field of criminal law. Chinese dictionary and "the possible meanings of spoken words" can not be the base to explain the words used by criminal law, nor should they be standards to distinguish analogy from expanding interpretation. To tell the difference between analogy and expanding interpretation, we should consider these three points at the same time: the strength of punishment necessity; the acceptability of general public; the possible meanings of criminal law words.

Keywords: Analogy; Expanding interpretation; Principle of legality; Protection of Legal interests; Guarantee of human rights

Piety and Benevolence: Two Foundations of Moral

Shen Shunfu

(111)

Abstract: As the original meaning of moral is to obtain Tao(道), human'sTao is virtue. So obtaining Tao is the identification of virtue. In the light of the dynamics of moral occurrence, the relationship within family members is the first and easiest way to deal with. Among those relations, piety is the most certain reality. It possesses possibilities to be practiced, be recognized and be restated. Hence, from the perspective of experience, piety is the first deal in moral life. But furthermore, we realize that benevolence, after all, is the real foundation of moral. Benevolence is self-sufficient, self-identified and non-understandable. It is the being of moral. Thereby, there are two foundations for moral: one is an experience foundation, i.e. piety; the other is metaphysical being, which is named benevolence.

Keywords: Confucianism; Benevolence; Piety; Experience; Metaphysical

The Public Return of Psychology

Zhou Ning

(117)

Abstract:Traditional psychological research is facing the dilemma of the loss of psychology's public nature. As a member of public domain in human society, it must return to the public domain. Therefore, with taking public nature of human as the logical starting point, psychology should be rebuilt, and a new contact relation within the psychology discipline and inter disciplines should be built. In the 21th century, publicity has gradually become the central discourse, and publicity is the orientation of psychology development.

Keywords: Psychology; Publicity; Communicative rationality; Subject rationality

Dialect, Religion Culture and Local Society in the Late Qing Dynasty: Taking the "Foochow Dialect" Documents in Harvard-Yenching Library as a Central Study

Wang Zhenzhong

(122)

Abstract: Dialect has very close relation with the local culture. In regional social studies, the use of dialect documents may greatly grasp the essence of local culture. By the introduction of lots of Foochow dialect documents in Harvard-Yenching Library, the essay argues that: those Foochow dialect documents made by western preachers are quite different from those by local secular men of letters. The former are more formal. The produce of Foochow dialect documents indicates preachers' strong desire to reform China. Through those dialect documents, we may find the rich life at Fuzhou in the late Qing dynasty.

Keywords: Foochow dialect; Dialect; Religion culture; Local society

The 玈ubao Case and the Political Crisis of the Late Qing Government

Wang Min

(135)

Abstract: The 玈ubao case which happened in 1903 sharpened the conflicts between the central government and the political opposition, the Chinese government and the powers, the hawks and the doves of the government officials. The revolutionists challenged the government by publishing the revolutionary books in the Shanghai international settlements. The central government was angry and ordered the local officials to arrest them, but some of the local officials were not active, so just several revolutionists were arrested in the international settlement and the others fled away. The Chinese government asked the powers to instruct the Shanghai Consular Body for the surrender of the prisoners to the local officials, but the powers who insisted on the invested interest refused in terms of the established procedure, so there was a longtime negotiation between the government and the powers, and at last, the former gave up. The 玈ubao case is also a case which reflects that the late Qing government was incompetent in the dealing with the political crisis.

Keywords: 玈ubao case; Qing government; The Powers; Yu Mingzhen

The Thought and Its Changes about Preventing Malpractice of Li-Yi System at Local Government in Qing Dynasty

Zhou Baoming

(142)

Abstract: Since the Song Dynasty,the Li-Yi system played an important role in local government inevitably,but the abusing of authority causes more and more social problems in Ming and Qing Dynasty. The intellectuals and bureaucrats of Qing attempted to change the condition. They put forward the proposals in three aspects: strengthening the officials' administrative authority to weaken the possibility of Li-Yi 's rights abusing; enhancing Li-Yi's ability and promoting their personal character to reduce the right abusing; improving the conditions of the administrative actions. Among the viewpoints and suggestions,some were eliminated in Qing's social development,some became the goals of government system reform in late Qing. However, they were too difficulty to be put into practice. And it reflected the limitation of the time.

Keywords: Qing Dynasty; Li-Yi in local government; Prevention; Malpractice prevention

More Thoughts about Towns in Jiangnan: Focusing on History and Transformation of Towns in Changzhou

Ye Zhou

(152)

Abstract: Through an analysis on the towns in Changzhou during the Qing dynasty, this essay reexamines the concept of towns in Jiangnan and relations among town, city and village. It argues that towns in Jiangnan do not possess a single model. It proposes that the study of town should be dynamic, and should pay attention to the special environment of town.

Keywords: Jiangnan; Changzhou; Town

On Post-Colonial Literature

Zhao Xifang

(157)

Abstract: In domestic academy, discussions about post-colonial literature are usually limited in colonial literature. It is difficult to make clear the relation between post-colonial theory and literature. 玂rientalism 玝y Ziauddin Sardar makes a post-colonial interpretation on English-American literature, which overthrows the traditional English-American literature classics. 玊he Empire Writes Back, by Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, at first time from perspective post-colonial theory, makes an interpretation on colonial literature. It then becomes the pioneer of post-colonial literature and theory. 獵olonial and Postcolonial Literature by Elleke Boehmer is also a comprehensive book which tries to makes a kind of counterpoint interpretation by connecting imperial literature and colonial one and then, finds their interacting relation.

Keywords: 玂rientalism; The Empire Writes Back; Colonial and post-colonial literature

The Foremost World Happy is Landscape: On Aesthetic Thoughts of Landscape in Ming Dynasty

Xia Xianchun

(167)

Abstract: The paper makes a detailed discussion about aesthetic experiences and preference of landscape in Ming dynasty. It argues that aesthetic contents of landscape in Ming consist of four aspects: visual and autitory joy; appreciation of landscape's implication; spirital inspiration; comprehension of moral life. Furthermore, the paper makes an explanation of aesthetic thoughts of landscape in the following aspects: internal and outside relation, shape and charecter relation, and physical and psychological one. It concludes that the most importantance of aesthetic thoughts of landscape in Ming, is to connect landscape with life value and significance, which shows the essence of Chinese aesthetic culture of landscape, that is, the hamouny of human and nature.

Keywords: Ming dynasty; Landscape; Aesthetic feeling; Preference

On Tao Yuanming's Secluded Life and Seclusive Thought

Jiang Xingyu

(173)

Abstract:Though Tao Yuanming was one of the many hermits in ancient China, he was the distinguished one, because he wrote lots of poems and articles about a seclusion life. Perhaps 獴iography of Wuliu Gentleman and 玃each-Blossom Source were the most important articles. The latter described a fictitious land with fresh flowers and sweet grass, but there was no men of letters. It indicated writer's deep depression.

Keywords: Tao Yuanming; Seclusion; Seclusive thought

On Three Potential Models of Urban Cultural Studies in China and Theory Construction

Han Wei

(179)

Abstract: At present, urban cultural studies in China begin to go into the depth. There are three potential modes in the theoretical construction: the traditional Marxist model, the western model of urban sociology and post-modern space one. Many scholars prefer to the traditional Marxism model as a long tradition, but its realistic and practical points are questionable. The paper argues that we should "pass through" the theory of western urban sociology and post-modern space, then, integrate them from perspectives of literature and art theory. And the basis of integration should be concern for the "people". Only in this way, domestic studies may get theoretical support, and end the disorderly phenomenon.

Keywords: Urban culture; Marxist; Chicago School; Space