浅谈高中英语阅读教学

梅　静

阅读是语言学习的主要目的和途径。《高中英语教学大纲》明确规定：要“侧重培养阅读能力”。阅读理解题又是高考的重头戏，是获得英语高分的关键，因此，阅读能力的提高对学生来说起着至关重要的作用。多年来笔者的做法如下：

一、抓词汇积累

重视词汇教学。所谓“巧妇难为无米之炊”，英语词汇是学习英语的基础，如果没有一定的词汇，任何形式的交流都无从谈起，阅读就成了一句空话。英国语言学家威尔金斯在《语言学与语言教学》中说：“Without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed”。近几年高考题中也经常出现检查学生单词记忆和理解的情况。

例1，Youll spend 4 days touring Greek cities youve always heard about. In Katakolon, you will have the only unguided tour to nearby Olympia on the whole journey.

…

（2006 重庆 A ）

Q：Tourist will travel on their own in ________.

A.Stresa B. Olympia C. Mykonos D.Verona

答案是 B 。

该题答案来自文中unguided“没有人带领的”与问题中on their own 意思相近，答案为 B 。

例2，The poor-quality painting didnt receive any bidder…except one—the old servant who had served the son and loved him, and who for emotional reasons offered the only bid.

…

Q：Why did the old servant bid for the painting of Fitzgeralds son?_______.

A. He was devoted to the family

B. He saw that no one bid for it

C. He knew the content of the will

D. He found it cheap for him to pay

答案是 A 。

该题答案来自文章的这段的第二个从句中的短语for emotional reasons。如果同学们知道emotional的意思是“情感的”，还有前面的loved与be devoted to意思一致，就知道这道题的答案为A了。

二、重视技能培养

1．用跳读法找出关键词

运用跳读法——带着问题到文章中搜寻关键词的方法作细节题，此时注意力要集中放在寻找自己所需要的细节上，快速跳读文章，直到查找到自己所需要的信息，然后核对事实，找出正确答案。

例3，When this happens, the normal first reaction is the fear of being laughed at as a result of his poor knowledge in the woods.

…

（2006 崇文一模）

Q：According to the passage, if a person gets lost in the forest, at the very beginning, he would ________.

A. worry about being laughed at

B. push himself to find his way out

C. feel it is convenient to ask for help from his friends

D. be concerned about being frighteded by wild animals

答案是 A 。

用跳读法在文章第七段中看到 the normal first reaction与题目中的 at the very beginning 意思一致，故答案是 A 。

例4，The boy ran to his father s bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting, to keep the cougars attention away from Tom.

（2007 北京C）

Q：How did Jeb try to hold the cougars attention?________.

A. By keeping shouting and hitting

B. By making a wall out of his arms

C. By throwing himself on the cougar

D. By swinging his fits at the cougars eyes

答案是 A 。

用跳读法在文章第七段中发现 Jeb started shouting as well as hitting, to keep the cougars attention away from Tom. 得出答案为A。

2．略读法找主题句

主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾，有时也会出现在文章的其他地方。它是对整篇文章或段落的总结或提升。主要有两种情况：先作结论后写事实（演绎法）；或先写事实后做结论（归纳法）。

例5，As in business and other fields, the use of computers is growing in health care. At first, computers were used only in the business office for such things as patients billing and paying for purchase. As computer technology advanced, the use of computers broadened to include patients information and communication systems.

（唐山 期中）

Q：The best title for this passage can be ________.

A. New Development of Computers

B. Computer Systems in hospital

C. Information of Computers in the Health care

D. New Development of Medicine

答案是 B 。

根据全文第一句知道这篇文章的主题谈的是电脑在医疗方面的使用。作者采用演绎法开启下文，答案选 B 。

例6，In todays Internet age, online games can be a change from the pressure of school and work.

However, they can also cause problems and unhealthy addictions. This is most clearly seen in the example of South Korea.

（2008 成都摸底）

Q：The passage is mainly about ________.

A. online game addiction

B. problems caused by online games

C. computer problems in Asia

D. problems caused by young people

答案是 B 。

根据文章第二句知道这篇文章的主题谈的是电脑带来的问题，作者采用演绎法开启下文。

例7，

…

By telling them this: Read in the backyard with the sun on your face. Learn to be happy. And think of life as a deadly illness, because if you do, you will live it with joy and passion（激情）as it ought to be lived.

（2008 潍坊质量检测）

Q：The best title of this passage probably is ________.

A. Love your friendsB. Live a real life

C. Dont waste time D. Be a good mother and wife

答案是 B 。

根据文章最后一段知道这篇文章的主题谈的是如何过一个有意义的生活，作者采用归纳法结束文章。

3．合乎逻辑的推理，做好深层理解题。

严格以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓义。

例8，“Oh, Im in no hurry,”she said.“Im on my way to a hospice（临终医院）. I dont have any family left. The doctor says I dont have very long.”

I quietly reached over and shut off the meter.（计时器）

For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had once been a ball-room where she had gone dancing as a girl.

Q：The old woman chose to ride through the city in order to ______.

A. show she was familiar with the city

B. see some places for the last time

C. let the driver earn more money

D. reach the destination on time

答案是 B 。

通过前面提示，老人要去临终医院，推断出此时她想坐车从城里走一圈主要是想最后再看一眼这座城市，得出答案是 B 。

三、重视语法教学

英国语言学家威尔金斯在《语言学与语言教学》中又说过：“Without grammar very little can be conveyed”。可见没有扎实的语法作基础，任何语言都是学不好的，英语学习也是这样。在英语的阅读教学中，只有重视学生分析能力的培养，学生才能排除句中干扰成分，把复杂句子简单化，达到正确理解文章的目的。高考中的很多问题也往往考查学生对文章中的定语（定语从句）、同位（同位语从句）和非谓语动词等的理解是否准确。

例9，Terry had great hopes of the middle tree, now set in the holy spot，where Henry, his cat, run over, had been laid to rest a year before.

（2005 贵州省适应性考试 C）

Q：Part of the garden is called a holy spot because ________.

A. Henry had been run over just there

B. a cat was buried there

C. Terry thought it was holy

D.it was right in front of Leslies house

答案是 B

该题答案来自文章的定语从句 where Henry, his cat, had been laid there to rest （这里是他的那只被撵死的猫埋葬的地方），这里 where 是定语从句的关系词，除了起连接作用外，还替代前文的 holy spot。所以答案为 B 。

例10，In meditation, people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath. As they breathe in and out, they attend to their feelings. As thoughts go through their minds, they let them go.

（2007 天津 D）

Q：The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________.

A. feelingsB. minds.C. peopleD. thoughts.

答案是 D 。

该题虽然考查的是猜测词义，但经过分析答案来自文中时间状语从句As thoughts go through their minds, they let them go.在这句话中，此时的they是人称代词替代了时间状语从句中的thoughts，得出答案是 D 。

四、注意限时训练

因为高考英语科的时间有限：两个小时，只有合理地将两个小时的时间分配到各题上才能在英语科上取得胜利。而阅读理解题量大，如果平日不进行大量的训练，学生往往无法在有效的时间内做完做好该做的题目。从高一开始坚持每周一堂课的限时阅读。

总之，英语阅读能力的培养是一个漫长又复杂的过程，只有让学生具备了扎实的基本功，只有养成了经常阅读英语的习惯，持之以恒，才能取得英语学习的最后胜利。

参考文献

1 《2009A版 5年高考3年模考》

2 董 琼.《浅析中学英语词汇教学》.镇海区骆驼中学