谈阅读理解题解题技巧

戴 凤

自2008年起江苏省高考英语阅读分值虽然从150分降为120分,但阅读仍然占整个试卷总分的25%。题海战术已不再适应当今的高考。平时在做题时注意培养良好的心理素质和解题技巧对于提高解题速度和正确率都会行之有效。

一、要注意养成良好的阅读心理

很多同学害怕阅读理解题型,遇到几个生词、难句就心烦意乱,以致失去信心。心理学研究表明:任何恐慌,过分紧张或烦乱的情绪都会形成某种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此,遇到困难一定要从容不迫,镇定自如,克服心理障碍。阅读时要去除杂念,注意力集中。要形成一种惬意的顺向心理,形成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心,很多时候文章虽然看上去较难,但题目选项却很简单明确。

二、要仔细审题

阅读理解的很多题目的答案都能够在文章当中找到,但是考生首先应该把所给题目的题干读明白,然后再根据题干的内容,到文章当中去寻找意思相当或相同的地方,找到之后,仔细的阅读一下,再根据所读内容去选择答案。学生由于把主要精力都放在选择正确答案上,因此一旦找到了叙述与短文事实相符或相似的选项,就盲目地将答案确定下来,忽视了题目到底问什么,从而使所选答案答非所问。

例:阅读理解 (2009 北京卷)

How I Turned to Be Optimistic

I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunts house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.

I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.

56.How did the author get to know America?

A. From her relatives.

B. From her mother.

C. From books and pictures.

D. From radio programs.

【答案】C。

【解析】细节理解题。有些同学一看见第一段的America和接下来的radio programme就以为找到了答案而误选D,而仔细审题后你会发现答案在第二段第三四行答案为C。

三、要学会推断词义

要做好这类题,首先必须熟练掌握考试说明所要求的约3500个单词与500个短语。其次,根据上下文推断词汇的能力在考试中显得尤为重要。这种能力可以通过下列两种方法加强:

1.破解词汇本身的含义

如何破解单词本身的含义呢?方法之一是掌握构词法的基本知识。不仅平时可以用这个方法记忆大纲中的词汇,考试时也可以用这个方法推测词汇意义。假如对英语词汇中包含的前缀、后缀和词根的含义或功能比较了解,就能较准确地推测出它们相互组合形成的整体词义。

例:阅读理解 (2009 全国卷Ⅱ)

A

I know what youre thinking: pizza (比萨饼)? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last nights leftovers in the a. m. if you want to

I know lots of women who skip breakfast (不吃早餐), and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it . Some say they dont have time. others think theyre “saving” calories (卡路里), still others just dont like breakfast food….

41. The word “leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means __________.

A. food remaining after a meal

B. things left undone

C. meals made of vegetables

D. pizza topped with fruit

【答案】A。

【解析】通过left本义可知与“剩余”有关。

2.根据上下文线索

除了以构词法破解词汇的意义以外,做词义题用得更多的方法是根据上下文所提供的线索推断词义。这里的上下文指该词所在的句子本身,也包括这个句子的上下句或更远的上下文。一般而言,上下文线索所提示的意义与所考词汇的关系要么为同义关系,要么为反义关系。选好答案后,可利用代入法再次检验。

例:(2009 四川卷) 阅读理解

B

July 21st, 2007 was a typical English summers day—it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I left work at 5 pm, however, the road into our village was flooded.…

45. What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean?

A. WrongB. MissingC. RightD. Found.

【答案】A。

【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文可知作者回家去查看证实一切都正常。由于主语是nothing所以该题的正确答案为A。

四、要能辨别结论与事实

在遇到结论推断题时,一般来说,重复例证事实,就事论事的选项要排除。在遇到总结归纳的题目时,可以比较选项内容的全面概括性,一般来说,概括性高,引申思路符合逻辑的选项往往是正确的。

例:阅读理解 (2009 安徽卷)

Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it.

Recite and repeat in conversation.

When you hear a persons name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.

Ask the other person to recite and repeat.

You can let other people help you remember their names. After youve been introduced to someone,ask that person to spell the name mad pronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort youre making to learn their names.

Admit you dont know.

Admitting that you cant remember someones name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say. “Im working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?”

Use associations.

Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note: “Vicki Cheng—tall, black hair.” To reinforce youre your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.

Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.

Whoen meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.

Go early.

Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. Thats fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others—an automatic review for you.

59. What does the text mainly tell us?

A. Tips on an important social skill.

B. Importance of attending parties.

C. How to make use of associations.

D. How to recite and repeat names.

【答案】A。

【解析】本篇阅读的主要意思就是一篇应用文,它的目的就是给大家一份建议,在各种场合下如何记住别人的名字,属于社交范畴,所以A项最为适合。其余选项不具有概括性。

五、要能灵活应对

如果碰到一篇文章开头看了几行就难住了,读了几遍也无法读下去,不妨倒过来先去看题目,然后根据题目再去寻找文章中的有关信息,因为语篇中并非每个句子都与题目有关,因此即使你并未全部看懂,也不至于会全军覆没。

六、要学会先易后难

如果碰到难题,如推断、结论题,不要过多地花费时间,可留下标记,待那些有把握的题目做完后再回过头来做。有时候其它题目做完后,再做难题,能多少受到点启发,对短文的理解也会有所帮助,也许难题变得不难了。

总之,英语阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的过程,在平时的训练中掌握一定的解题技巧定能使考生们在高考中游刃有余,发挥出自己最好的水平。