以２００８年高考全国卷Ⅰ和湖北卷为例探秘完形

冯珍妮

纵观2008年全国18套英语高考试题，与往年一样，精彩纷呈，美不胜收。所有试卷在选拔人才的功能上体现了公平公正和科学性，体现了对中国英语教与学的启发和指导作用。

全国18套试卷完形填空的选材原则、命题规律是统一的，只是因文章不同，设题的具体要求有细节上的差异。

多年来高考完形填空的文体绝大部分是记叙文及夹叙夹议文，极少为议论文和说明文。考查的重点词性是动词，其次是形容词、副词、名词，完形除了考查考生的逻辑思维以外，还考查对词汇的准确地道的运用。考生对词汇的选择体现了对文章的灵魂、文章经典地道的用词、文章的人文价值、育人价值、审美价值是否能心领神会。如果考生在词汇选择上是高手，那他就能在宏观上把握创作者的精神，在细节上连贯地把握创作者的创作目的、道德导向和典型文风以及命题人的慎密的用意。这时他简直就是在与创作者以及命题人进行智慧与价值观的对弈，从貌似对立中实现统一。

因篇幅限制，本文特以湖北卷作为研究的实例。

2008年高考真题湖北卷：

On a warm Monday，Jenny Neilson bought a sandwich and parked her car under some trees.Rolling down the windows to__41__in fresh air，she settled back to enjoy her lunch.Suddenly she__42__a big bald(秃顶的)man running through the parking lot.Before she came to__43__what would happen，the man was there，shouting through her window，“Get out!”

Neilson__44__.

Pulling open her door，the man seized her__45__the neck and hair，and threw her out of the car onto the ground.She screamed，__46__her purse and the keys.

Two reporters of the local newspaper，Robert Bruce and Jeff Jackson，just outside their office building on a__47__，heard the screams and began running.

When they__48__Neilsons car，the attacker had jumped into the drivers seat and was__49__searching for the keys.Bruce opened the door，and he and Jackson dragged the man out.The attacker__50__back.But even in his cornered panic，he was no__51__for the two athletic men.

Reggie Miller，a worker of the local newspaper，heard the screams，too.He rushed back to the office to__52__the police，and then ran back with some plastic ropes—used to tie up newspapers.

With his arms__53__tight behind him，the prisoner looked up and said__54__，“I hope you guys feel good about yourselves—you just caught one of the most wanted men.” They__55__him and waited for the police.

Later，Bruce and Jackson were shocked to learn the man was the__56__carjacker(劫车者) and suspected murderer，whose__57__—but with a full head of hair—had been recently printed in their own newspaper.

Neilson considers herself lucky__58__she suffered injuries.She believes the story might have had a__59__ending if those good people had not come to her aid.“Unfortunately，” she said，“many people would__60__have done what they did，and that is the real truth.”

41.A.bring B.let

C.gather D.send

42.A.recognized B.watched

C.noticed D.met

43.A.realize B.understand

C.imagine D.conclude

44.A.escaped B.struggled

C.refused D.obeyed

45.A.by B.around

C.with D.on

46.A.burying B.forgetting

C.offering D.grabbing

47.A.trip B.visit

C.break D.holiday

48.A.started B.stopped

C.entered D.reached

49.A.carefully B.madly

C.disappointedly D.patiently

50.A.fought B.turned

C.jumped D.shouted

51.A.match B.target

C.equal D.companion

52.A.remind B.phone

C.invite D.beg

53.A.rolled B.folded

C.bent D.tied

54.A.angrily B.kindly

C.coldly D.warmly

55.A.caught B.thanked

C.comforted D.ignored

56.A.ordinary B.professional

C.honest D.outstanding

57.A.picture B.background

C.character D.story

58.A.and B.but

C.though D.when

59.A.ridiculous B.similar

C.strange D.different

60.A.sometimes B.never

C.often D.forever

全文20个设空中，考查了动词10个，名词3个，副词3个，形容词2个，连词1个，介词1个。

41.B。今年的完形不仅考查上下文的严密逻辑，还加入了对一些高级词组的固定形式的考查，也就是说，考生即使知道这里的逻辑即“让新鲜空气进来”，也未必能选对答案，因为考生对let in fresh air 这一来自词典和教材的不起眼的一个略显怪相的固定词组不一定熟悉。所以就想bring in 会不会还好一些呢?这样一想就可能选错答案。

45.A。这一空的考查也不仅仅是考查上下文的逻辑推理，但推理又是不可缺的，也就是说即使你能推断出上下文的逻辑关系“歹徒抓住她的脖子和头发”，它也不是选对正确选项的充要条件，还必须知道抓住某人身体的某个部位的英语固定形式是：seize sb.by + 身体的某部位。

51.A。Collins 词典上解释： If one person or thing is no match for another，they are unable to compete successfully with the other person or thing.no match for在课文中没有出现过，在高考备考的练习中出现率也极低，甚至对一些考生可能是学习的盲点。因为这里match 作为名词的基本意思“对手；敌手；般配”在教材上已经提供了，考生是应该知道的。在本空还考查了学生的语言直觉。C选项虽是干扰项，其暗藏的玄机令人暗暗吃惊。因为它在此处是名词词性，意思是“地位平等的人”。对equal词性和含义了解不全面的人会误以为出题人不谨慎而选错答案。

55.D。Collins 词典解释：If you ignore someone or something，you pay no attention to them.例句： She said her husband ignored her.所以此空考查该词的准确地道的表达。这里可以翻译成：懒得理睬他。

60.B。Many people would__60__have done what they did，and that is the real truth.这一句体现了完形在文末进行理性升华，实现文章的育人功能的特点。而宾语从句what they did 是地道的英语，它通过时态的变化让they所指的人物无可置疑的明晰化。再加上Many people would never have done，结合在一起，得知they 绝非many people，而是见义勇为的两名记者。这样才能选对 never!命题人的匠心蕴藏颇深啊!★