熟词，你熟吗？

刘金增　赵连东

请看下面两道高考题：

1.The fact that she never apologized________a lot about what kind of person she is. (2008 山东卷)

A.says B.talks

C.appears D.declares

2.I began to feel______ in the new school when I saw some familiar faces.(2008 山东卷)

A.at home B.at heart

C.at will D.at night

第一题答案为A。say在这里不是“说”的意思，而是“表明，显示”之意。句意为：“她从来不道歉，这清楚地表明了她是怎样的一种人。”第二题答案为A。at home 这里不是“在家里”之意，而是“舒适自在，无拘无束”的意思。句意为：“在这所新校里，我看到一些熟悉的面孔后，不再那么拘束了。”

近几年经常出现类似试题，其中的熟词意义不熟。《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》所给词汇表中只给了单词及词性，这与以往的《教学大纲》是不同的。考生往往单纯注重一些生词及短语，忽视了熟词僻义。殊不知，熟悉的词汇在特定文字中的取义，往往成为语句结构的枢纽，意义重大，可以帮助考生把握作者的思想意图，常常是解题的关键所在。因此，我们必须全面掌握词义，不可浅尝辄止。下面笔者对照大纲词汇表，在多年的教学实践中梳理了阅读时常见并影响阅读的熟词僻义现象，供考生备考之用。

1.appeal to 呼吁

The government appealed to the crowd not to panic after the earthquake in Wenchuan，Sichuan.四川汶川大地震后，政府呼吁群众不要惊慌。

注意：appeal to 后接 ones conscience/better nature/sense of justice等词时，则表示“唤起某人的良知/正义感等”。

2.bridge v.bridge the gap (between) 消除(……间的)隔阂；弥合差距

It is generally accepted that communication is an effective way to bridge the generation gap between parents and children.人们普遍认为，交流是消除父母和孩子间的代沟的有效途径。

3.call up 使回忆起，使想起；征召(某人)入队、入伍

Jack was called up for the game against Japan.杰克应召入队，参加和日本队的比赛。

4.celebrate v.赞扬，赞美

In their native Puerto Rico，local people celebrate coqui frogs.But in Hawaii，the foreign frog has been condemned as a harmful animal. 考齐蛙在他们波多黎各老家被人们称颂，但在夏威夷，这些外来者却被指责为有害的动物。

注意：be celebrated for 以 …… 而著名

5.claim v.索要；(灾难、事故等)夺走(生命)

She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered. 她因受伤向公司索要损害赔偿金。

The air crash on May 31 in Sichuan Province claimed 18 lives. 5月31日的四川飞机失事事故使18人遇难。

6.escape v.被忘掉；被忽视

It might have escaped your notice，but

Im very busy at the moment. 也许你没注意到，可我此刻忙得不可开交。

7.put out 公布；感到恼火(通常用于被动语态)

We were a little put out at not being invited to the birthday party. 我们为没有被邀请参加生日晚会而感到有点恼火。

Police have put out a description of the man they want.警方公布了他们通缉的那名男子的图像。

8.sit v.参加考试

Candidates in earthquake-stricken area are allowed to sit (for) the college entrance exam in July. 地震灾区的考生被允许在七月份参加高考。

9.practice n.惯例，习俗

The boys make a practice of cheating at examinations. 这些男孩子们以考试作弊为常事。

10.say v.比方说，假设；表明，显示；(用文字、数字、图画)传达信息

Ten pounds of pure gold will not make so great a bulk as say seven pounds of gold mixed with three pounds of silver. 10磅纯金的体积不如，比方说，7磅金子和3磅银子的混合体积那么大。

The clock in the hall said it was 8：00.大厅的钟显示是8点钟。

11.serve v.起作用，产生效果(后接不定式)

Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over，and hurt only serves to make us stronger.人生没有克服不了的事，伤害只能使我们更加坚强。

12.work out 成功地发展；(定期)锻炼身体

Things have worked out quite well for us.事情的结果对我们很不错。

I work out with weighs on a daily basis to keep fit.我每天举重以保持健康。

13.observe v.遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝，欢度

You must keep it in mind that you are a student in this school，so you should observe the school rules.你必须牢记你是这所学校的一个学生，你应该遵守校纪。

Do they observe Christmas? 他们过不过圣诞节?

14.water v.充满眼泪；流口水

Chopping onions always makes my eyes water.切洋葱总使我眼睛流泪。

The smells from the kitchen made our mouths water.厨房里的香味馋得我们直流口水。

15.leave out 被忽视；被冷落(通常用于被动语态)

All the others seemed to know each other and I began to feel left out. 其他所有人看上去都彼此认识，于是我开始觉得被冷落了。

16.when conj.考虑到；既然；虽然；尽管；如果

Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already? 既然你已经有了这么好的工作，为什么还要找新的工作?

They kept digging when they must have known there was no hope. 他们明知道没有希望，但还是不停地挖。

17.while conj.虽然，尽管(用于句首)

While I am willing to help，I do not have much time available. 尽管我愿意帮忙，但是没多少时间。

18.address 对……说话；向……致意

He addressed his complaints to the manager. 他向经理诉了苦。

19.arrest 吸引

Marys beauty arrests many eyes.玛丽的美貌吸引了众多的目光。

20.attend (to) 料理，处理，照顾

Youd better attend to the children first—they need their breakfast.你最好还是先去照料孩子——他们要吃早餐。

21.check 使突然停止；制止

We should check the spread of the disease.我们应该阻止疾病的蔓延。

22.command 值得，应得；俯临，俯瞰

His bravery commands our respect.他的勇气博得了我们的尊敬。

His house commands a fine view of the town.从他家可以俯瞰镇上的美景。

23.count 值得考虑；有重要意义

He is the only person that really counts.他是唯一有影响的人。

24.credit 把……归因于

Miraculous powers are credited to relics.人们认为这些早期遗物具有神奇的力量。

25.cross 脾气坏的；易怒的

She is rather cross now.她现在脾气不太好。

26.hit 成功而风行一时的事物

The new record is a big hit. 这张新唱片非常成功。

27.invite 吸引；招致(麻烦等)

Leaving the window open is just inviting the thief to enter.窗户不关简直就是引贼入室。

28.might 力量；能力；威力

I pushed the car with all my might.我使尽全力来推车。

29.minute 微小的；细小的；极少的

The wound was full of minute pieces of glass.伤口里满是细小的玻璃渣。

30.novel 新奇的；新颖的

a novel idea/suggestion 新奇的想法/建议

31.particular (过分)讲究的；挑剔的

She is particular about what she wears.她对穿着很讲究。

32.sound 健康的；健全的；完好的

He is of sound mind and body.他身心健康。

33.spare (常与否定词连用)节约；吝惜

He spared no efforts on his studies.他在研究方面不遗余力。

34.subject 使遭受；使经受；使服从

He subjected us to great suffering.他使我们遭受了极大的痛苦。

35.value 尊重；重视

Ive always valued your advice.我一向重视你的意见。

36.wage 进行；开始；开展(战争、运动等)

wage a war on/against crime 展开反对犯罪的斗争

37.want 欠缺；缺乏

She wants the courage to tell him the truth. 她缺乏告诉他真相的勇气。

【巩固练习】

1.What a great misfortune it is that the earthquake which happened in Wenchuan County，Sichuan Province has______ more than 70，000 lives!

A.dismissed B.claimed

C.occupied D.submitted

2.Can a letter______ the gap of time and lead a boy to the heart of his dead father in the earthquake?

A.bridge B.acquire

C.approve D.convey

3.—What time is it______ your watch?

—My watch______ ten thirty，but it______ten minutes a day.

A.by；says；loses B.by；says；drops

C.on；tells；loses D.on；tells；drops

4.Outside my office window，there is a fire ______on the right.

A.ladder B.escape

C.steps D.stairs

5.His phone number______ me，or I would have called him up.

A.left B.escaped

C.disappointed D.discouraged

6.The sight of the fruit salad made our daughters mouth______.

A.wet B.water

C.pour D.moisten

7.Students are not allowed to______ the final exam if they have missed one third of the lessons.

A.make B.sit C.offer D.go

8.The chairman was evidently______ by Jims words and glared at him for a few seconds.

A.put down B.put away

C.put across D.put out

9.Since I could not see anything through the microscope，______ my careful adjustment，I gave up.

A.for all B.above all

C.after all D.in all

10.People in other parts of the world have been______ Christmas for centuries.

A.observing B.attending

C.spending D.enjoying

11.Some adverts(广告)，like the environmental protection advertisement，______ to our conscience or our desire to be worthy citizens.

A.adapt B.attach

C.appeal D.adjust

12.From then on，he played the game with a new confidence and power that quickly drew the attention of the national team， and he was______ to the majors(棒球联合总会).

A.taken on B.checked out

C.called up D.turned out

13.As the popular saying______： “Laugh and the whole world laugh with you.Cry and you cry alone.”

A.speaks B.goes

C.tells D.talks

14.If you want to see a doctor，you fix a date with him ahead of time.That is a common ______ in the USA.

A.sense B.practice

C.rule D.reality

15.______ I really dont like art，I find his work impressive.(2007 山东卷)

A.As B.Since C.If D.While

16.If I were you，Id stop smoking and ______ on a daily basis.

A.work out B.work up

C.work off D.work over

17.We didnt plan our art exhibition like that but it______ very well.

A.worked out B.tried out

C.went on D.carried on

18.How can you expect to learn anything ______ you never listen? (2006 山东卷)

A.in case B.even if

C.unless D.when

巩固练习答案：

1-5 BAABB 6-10 BBDAA

11-15 CCBBD 16-18 AAD★