新目标九年级Units3—4词语辨析

2008-09-03 09:18郭克晴张纪文
中学英语之友·下(综合版) 2008年8期
关键词:比较级及物动词代词

郭克晴 张纪文

Unit 3

1.answer, reply

answer和reply都可表示“回答、答复”,但也有一定的差异。

answer常用作及物动词,后接名词、代词或从句。

He answered nothing. 他什么也没有回答。

I cant answer you now. 我现在不能答复你。

He answered that he knew nothing about it.

他回答说这事他一点也不知道。

reply常用作不及物动词,表示“对……作出回答”时,后面要接to。它也可用作及物动词,后接直接引语或从句。

I asked him but he didnt reply to me. 我问他,但他没有答复我。

He replied that he had not received my letter.

他回答说他没有收到我的信。

“I cant work here any longer,” replied John.

“我再也不能在这里工作了,”约翰回答说。

[练练吧]

根据句意,用answer 或reply 填空。

1. Who can ____ to the question?

2. She didnt know how to ____.

3. He ____ that he had finished his work.

4. I dont ____ him.

参考答案:

1.reply 2.answer/reply 3.answered/replied 4.answer

2.allow, let

allow和let都表示“让、允许”,但它们的具体用法又各有区别。

allow多用于正式的英语中,其意“允许”只是“不加阻止”而已。allow sb. to do sth. 意为“允许(让)某人做某事”;allow doing sth. 意为“允许做某事”。

We dont allow smoking here. 我们不允许在此吸烟。

We dont allow students to smoke. 我们不允许学生吸烟。

let后可跟副词作宾语补足语,也可跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

Let me in. 让我进去。

Let every man do his duty. 人尽其责。

注意:

let一般不用于被动式,其被动式一般要改用allow来代替。

Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不得吸烟。

We wont be allowed to go. 不会让我们去的。

[练练吧]

根据句意,用allow或let的适当形式填空。

1. I ____ her to go to the party yesterday.

2. They do not ____ playing football here.

3. No parking is ____ in this street.

4. His father doesnt ____ him smoke.

5. Who ____ you go into the building?

参考答案:

1.allowed 2.allow 3.allowed 4.let 5.let

3.learn, study

learn和study都有“学习”的意思,它们在许多情况下可以互换。

He is studying/learning English. 他正在学英语。

一般说来,learn侧重于通过受教育掌握某种技巧,有“学会、学到”的意思,强调学习的成果。学习做具体的事情要用learn,而不用study。

We learned a lot in the factory. 我们在工厂学到了不少东西。

Lets learn to speak English. 让我们学习讲英语。

study不仅有“学习”的意思,还有“钻研、研究”的意思,强调学习的过程。

They are studying history. 他们正在研究历史。

He studied hard and at last learned the lesson.

他努力地学习,终于学好了这一课。

注意:

1.learn之后可接不定式,而study不行。

Where did you learn to skate? 你在哪儿学会滑冰的?

I learned to drive a car. 我学会了开车。

2.learn from sb.意为“向某人学习”,learn sth. from sb.意为“向某人学习……”。

Lets learn from Lei Feng. 让我们向雷锋学习。

David is learning Chinese medicine from Mr Wang.

大卫正向王先生学习中医。

[练练吧]

根据句意,用learn或study的适当形式填空。

1. The boy ____ to swim fast and well.

2. ____ hard, work hard, do better every day.

3. We are going to ____ a new lesson this term.

4. We should ____ from each other.

5. Does he ____ English?

参考答案:

1.learned 2.Study 3.learn/study 4.learn 5.study/learn

Unit 4

4.be worried, worry, worry about

这三者都和“担心、着急、烦恼”有关,但其用法有所不同。

be worried是系表结构的短语,worried 是形容词,意为“担心、发愁”。若表示“为……担心”,其后要接介词about。

We are all worried about you. 我们都为你担心。

The old woman looked worried. 这位老太太看上去很着急。

worry可用作及物动词和不及物动词。作及物动词时意为“使烦恼、使担忧”,其后的宾语通常是表示人的代词或名词。

I dont know whats worrying her. 我不知道什么事使她烦恼。

worry作不及物动词时意为“发愁、担心、烦恼”,常与about连用。

Why do your parents worry? 你父母为什么发愁?

Mr Brown always worries about his sons lessons.

布朗先生总是担心儿子的功课。

worry还可用作可数名词。

But they now have a new worry. 但是他们现在又有了新的烦恼。

She has a lot of worries. 她有许多烦恼的事。

注意:

三者在一定情况下可相互转换。

He worried about her poor health.

=He was worried about her poor health.

=Her poor health worried him. 他担心她的健康。

[练练吧]

根据句意,用worry, worried或worry about的适当形式填空。

1. Dont ____ your brother. He will be all right soon.

2. Dont ____!Hes OK.

3. She lost her purse. She looked ____.

4. He is ____ his mother.

参考答案:

1.worry about 2.worry 3.worried 4.worried about

5.whole, all

(1)whole强调“完整的”整体,位于定冠词、物主代词等之后。例如:the whole afternoon, the whole year, the whole world。

(2)all强调“整体”,修饰可数名词复数时,指所有数量;修饰不可数名词时,指整个范围或全部数量,位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词、基数词的前面。例如:all that afternoon, all the Chinese people, all day, all the world。

(3)all和地点名词连用指人,whole指人、地区都可以。

(4)all不与不定冠词连用,whole则可以,可以说a whole year;但不可以说all a year。

(5)whole不可以接专有名词或代词。

[练练吧]

根据句意,用whole或all的适当形式填空。

1. They cooked a hen ____ over the fire and soon a delicious smell came out.

2. Lend me ____ the books you have.

参考答案:

1.whole 2.all

6.fairly, quite, rather, too, very

表示程度的词有fairly, quite, rather, too, very等。

(1)fairly作副词,意为“相当地”“十分”。常修饰带有褒义的、具有程度差别的形容词或副词,含有“适合”之意,所修饰的形容词一般是人们喜欢的、希望的。不能与too或比较级连用。fairly表示的程度最轻。例如:

Her English is fairly good. 她的英语还算不错。

(2)quite的程度比fairly稍强。例如:

She studies Chinese quite hard. 她学习汉语十分用功。

(3)rather意为“相当”,表示的程度要深,修饰形容词时含有“过分”的意思,所修饰的形容词一般是人们不希望的、不喜欢的,它可与比较级或too连用。例如:

She speaks English rather well. 她英语讲得相当好。

(4)quite和rather都可放在不定冠词前。例如:

This israther easy a book.rather an easy book.quite an easy book.

这是一本相当简单的书。

(5)把几个表示程度的副词按程度的轻重排列如下:

fairly→quite→rather/pretty→too→very

[练练吧]

1. My daughter is ____ diligent, but my son is ____ lazy.

2. He is ____ better today.

3. I was ____ busy last week.

参考答案:

1.fairly, rather 2.rather 3.quite/rather

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