虚拟语气的用法

蒋　利

虚拟语气

表示说话人认为所说的话是和事实相反的内容，只是一种愿望、假设、猜测、建议或空想，用于条件句或某些动词之后。在这样的句子中要用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气的结构

虚拟语气常用在由if引导的非真实条件从句中，是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表示与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑。

(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况

If I were you, I would help her. 如果我是你，我会帮助她。

If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有空气和水，地球上就不会存在生物。

If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.

如果他学习用功的话，他可能会通过考试。

(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况

If I had visited the place before, I would have known the way.

如果我去过那个地方，我就认识路了。

If we had left earlier, we wouldnt have missed the train.

假若我们早点儿动身的话，我们是不会错过火车的。

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他听了我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

(3)表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小)

If you should be late tomorrow, we would not wait for you.

万一你明天迟到了，我们就不等你了。

If he should see me, he would know me.

假如他看见我，就会认识我。

If it were to snow in the summer, I would believe you.

倘若夏天下雪，我就会相信你。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.

如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中

(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。

I wish I had your brains. 我希望我能有你那样的脑筋。

(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。

I wish I had known the truth of the matter.

我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。

(3)表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用“should(would)+动词原形”。

I wish I should have a chance again. 我真希望再有一次机会。

一、请用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. If I come, I ____(see) you.

2. If it is fine, we ____(go) for a walk.

3. If it rained, they ____(stay) at home.

4. You will spoil it if you ____(not be) careful.

5. We would be very much pleased if you ____(come).

6. Will you help me if I ____(need) you?

7. They will get wet if it ____(rain).

8. What a pity!I havent got my car. If I had, I ____(take) you to

the airport.

9. We would answer if we ____(can).

10. If you eat too much, you ____(get) ill.

二、请根据上下文用所给动词的适当形式完成对话。

1. A: What are you doing this evening?

B: Im not sure. If there ____(not be) anything good on TV, I think

I ____(read) a detective story. Or maybe I ____(go) to bed early.

2. A: What time will Kate be home?

B: If I ____(know) I ____(tell) you. But unfortunately, she didnt say a word with me because we argued yesterday.

A: Well, if she ____(get) home before 10:00, please ask her to call me.

3. A: Im so stressed out.

B: Its none of my business, but if I ____(be) you, I ____(take) some time off.

4. A: Im afraid your flight has been delayed due to bad weather.

B: Oh no!When will it take off?

A: We dont have any idea yet. If it ____(stop) snowing this evening, then your flight ____(depart) some time tonight.

5. A: What are the chances that will happen?

B: Its too early to tell. I ____(let) you know if I ____(hear) any news.

Key:一、1.will see2.will go3.would stay4.are not 5.came6.need7.rains8.would take9.could10.will get二、1.isnt, will read, will go2.knew, would tell, gets 3.were, would take4.stopped, would depart 5.will let, hear