with复合结构,高效又常用的句型

2024-10-24 00:00:00袁小林于弟
广东教育·高中 2024年10期

什么是with复合结构? with复合结构有何用途?

常有同学问这样的问题。

傻傻弄不明白吗?跟着老师开动大脑吧……

with复合结构就是with+宾语+宾语补足语。

即with+名词/代词+不定式to do/动词-ing/动词-ed/形容词/副词/介词短语等。

一、with复合结构在句中的作用

with复合结构常常用来表示时间、原因、伴随状况、条件、结果等。如:

I cant go to the cinema with a lot of work to do.

有很多工作要做,我不能去看电影。 (with+to do表示原因)

The children began to play games with their homework done.

作业做完了,孩子们开始玩游戏。 (with+V-ed表示时间)

We will have a spring outing tomorrow with the weather fine.

明天如果天气好,我们去春游。 (with+adj表示条件)

With you helping us, we will be able to finish the task on time.

有你在帮助我们,我们能够按时完成任务。(with+V-ing表示伴随行为)

Alice left the office in a hurry with tears in her eyes.

爱丽丝眼泪含着泪水,匆忙离开了办公室。(with+prep表示伴随状况)

They have finished the peace talks with the agreement reached.

他们达成了协议,结束了和平谈判。(with+V-ed表示结果)

The old man was sitting silently by the window with his head down.

老人静静地坐在窗边,头低着。 (with+adv 表示伴随状态)

with复合结构是英语几种复合结构中最常用的,有些语法书将其归纳为独立主格结构的一种,但多数语法书认为它就叫with复合结构。

二、with 复合结构可以转换为并列句、状语从句或独立主格结构。

前提是我们先理解句子的意义。如:

(一)伴随状语的转换

The students were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open.

学生们在听老师讲,眼睛睁得大大的。 (表示伴随行为状语)

The students were listening to the teacher, and their eyes were wide open.(转换为并列句)

The students were listening to the teacher, their eyes wide open. (转换为独立主格结构作状语)

The girl told us what had happened with tears in her eyes.

女孩眼里含着泪水,告诉了我们发生的事情。(表示伴随状语)

The girl told us what had happened while tears were in her eyes. (转换为伴随行为状语)

Tears in her eyes, the girl told us what had happened.(独立主格结构作状语)

(二) 时间或条件状语的转换

The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.

灯都亮了,广场看起来更漂亮了。(表示时间状语)

The square looks more beautiful when all the lights are on.(转换为时间状语)

All lights on , the square looks more beautiful. (独立主格结构作时间状语)

Id like to see the new movie with time permitting.

如果时间允许,我想去看这部新电影。 (表示条件状语)

Id like to see the new movie if time permits. (转换为条件状语从句)

Time permitting, Id like to see the new movie. (独立主格结构作条件状语)

(三)原因状语的转换

With prices going up fast, people found their life getting difficult in Europe.

因为物价上涨太快,在欧洲人们发现生活变艰难了。 (表示原因状语)

As prices were going up fast, people found their life getting difficult in Europe.(转换为原因状语从句)

Prices going up fast, people found their life getting difficult in Europe. (独立主格结构作原因状语)

With the museum being repaired, we can not visit it now.

由于博物馆正在维修,我们现在不能参观。 (表示原因状语)

As /Because the church is being repaired, we can not visit it now.(转换为原因状语从句)

The church being repaired, we can not visit it now. (独立主格结构作原因状语)

(四) 结果状语的转换

The meeting came to an end with the problem solved.

会议结束了,问题解决了。(表示结果状语)

The meeting came to an end, and the problem was solved. (并列句表示结果)

The meeting came to an end, the problem solved. (独立主格结构表示结果)

(五)转换为定语从句

with复合结构有时可作句中定语,也可转换为定语从句。如

We came to a river with red flowers and green grass on both banks.

我们来到一条两岸长满红花绿草的河流。(作定语)

We came to a river, where red flowers and green grass were on both banks.(转换为定语从句)

We came to a river, red flowers and green grass on both banks. (独立主格结构作定语)

三、with复合结构的否定形式 without+宾语+宾补, 其用法一样。如:

He wanted to slide out of the classroom without anyone noticing him.

他想趁没有人注意时溜出教室。 (without+宾语+V-ing表伴随动作)

Without anyone to help, how can we go on with the work?

没有人帮助,我们怎样继续工作? (without+代词+to do 表原因)

I dont like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.

我不喜欢甜咖啡,不加糖我更喜欢。(without+名词+介词短语表定语)

They debated for hours without a conclusion drawn.

他们争论了几个小时,也没有做出结论。(without+名词+V-ed表结果)

为什么要用with复合结构?这是为了表达简洁高效,还说明英语表达的丰富多样。with复合结构,可以灵活地转换为并列句、状语从句或独立主格结构。With复合结构中的重点在于非谓语动词的确定和使用。

【作者简介:袁小林,被中国教育学会表彰为“全国优秀外语教师”,在国家及省级期刊上发表教研文章70多篇,编写教辅书4部,出版专著《经典唐诗英译欣赏》。于弟,深圳市高中英语教研员,广东教育学会外语教学专业委员会理事,先后被表彰为深圳市宝安区教坛新秀、宝安区优秀教师、宝安区教育系统“工程”中青年骨干教师】

责任编辑 吴昊雷