你对水生植物了解多少

姜春艳

Aquatic plants are plants that can grow in water. They playa crucial role in the restoration and reconstruction of freshwaterecosystems， transforming turbid water into clean water. Accordingto their lifestyle， aquatic plants are generally categorized intoemergent plants， floating-leaved plants， submerged plants， andfloating plants.

水生植物是能够在水中生长的植物。它们能将浑浊的水转变为清澈的水，在淡水生态系统的修复和重建中发挥着至关重要的作用。根据它们的生活方式，水生植物通常被分为挺水植物、浮叶植物、沉水植物和漂浮植物。

The roots and stems of emergent plants grow in the bottommud of the water， while the stems and leaves rise above thewaters surface. Emergent plants typically thrive in shallow water.The parts above the waterexhibit characteristicssimilar to those of landplants. Common emergentwater plants include reeds，lotus， bamboo shoots， andothers.

挺水植物的根、茎生长在水的底泥中，而茎、叶则挺出水面。挺水植物通常生长在浅水区域，水面以上的部分显示出类似陆地植物的特征。常见的挺水植物有芦苇、莲花、竹笋等。

floating-leaved plantshave roots that grow on thebottom of the water， but theirleaves float on the surface. Thestomata of such plants are usually distributed on the upper surfaceof the leaves. These plants experience significant transpiration，and their leaves often have a waxy surface. Examples of commonfloating-leaved leaf plants include water lily， blue lotus， and others.

浮叶植物的根生长在水底，但它们的叶片漂浮在水面上。这类植物的气孔通常分布在叶子的上表面。这些植物经历大量的蒸腾，它们的叶子通常具有一层蜡质表面。常见的浮叶植物包括睡莲和蓝莲花等。

Submerged plants referto large aquatic plants whoseentire body is located belowthe waters surface. They liveunderwater， with all parts ofthe plant absorbing water andnutrients from the aquaticenvironment. Submerged plants have well-developed aerationtissues， and their leaves are mostly ribbon-like or filamentous.Examples of submerged plants are goldfish， black algae， wheelalgae， and others.

沉水植物是指整个植物体都位于水面下的大型水生植物。它们生活在水下，植物的所有部分都能从水环境中吸收水分和营养。沉水植物的通气组织发达，叶子大多为带状或丝状，如金鱼藻、黑藻和轮藻等。

Floating plants have their entire bodies floating on the waterssurface， but their roots do not grow in the bottom mud. Somefloating plants grow and reproduce rapidly， impacting the waterenvironment. Examples oftypical floating plants includewater hyacinth， duckweed， andothers.

漂浮植物的整个植物体漂浮在水面上，但根部不生长在水的底泥中。一些漂浮植物生长和繁殖非常迅速，影响水环境。典型的漂浮植物包括水葫芦和浮萍等。

Now， can you distinguish between emergent plants， floatingleavedplants， submerged plants， and floating plants？ Give it a try！

現在，你能区分挺水植物、浮叶植物、沉水植物和漂浮植物吗？试试看吧！

Look at this picture and answer the following questions.

1. Is A floating or emergent plant in the picture？

2. Is B in the picture a floating plant or a submerged plant？

3. Is C in the picture a floating plant or a floating-leaved plant？

4. What type of aquatic plant is D in the picture？

5. Is E in the picture an emergent plant？

6. Is water lily a floating-leaved plant？

7. Is water hyacinth a floating plant？

8. What kind of aquatic plant is goldfish？

9. Are reeds submerged plants？

10. Do floating plants sink to the bottom？