看图作文解释段写作策略

2024-05-15 16:29唐伟胜
英语世界 2024年5期
关键词:幅图例文原题

唐伟胜

本专栏之前两篇文章讨论了看图作文中图画描写的相关技巧和常用表达。在本篇文章里,唐老师将分享如何在第二段里解释图画的意思(interpret the meaning of the picture)。

首先需要说明的是,在解释段里,考生仅需对图画的意思进行说明,而不需要对其进行讨论,也就是这里不需要考生表明态度(这是第三段的要求)。一般说来,解释段的字数要求为50—70词。

那么,如何对图画的意思解释说明?如果说第一项任务描写图画是就事写事(类似记叙文),那么解释段则需要从具体细节走出来,将其推到更广的范围,而图画的意义就在这个更广的范围中。换句话说,如果描写段是讲故事,那么解释段就相当于指出这个故事的主题(theme)或者这个故事与更广泛世界的关系。比如,《伊索寓言》里讲了一个故事:狐狸吃不到树上的葡萄,就安慰自己说那葡萄是酸的。如果来解释这个故事的主题,我們就需要走出狐狸的世界,将其推广到整个人类:有些人喜欢诋毁自己得不到的东西。再如,我们熟知的简·奥斯汀(Jane Austen)的小说《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)描写了主人公伊丽莎白和达西如何克服自身的傲慢和偏见,最终走到一起的故事。探索这部小说的主题,我们就需要走到更广阔的范围中,即,幸福的婚姻需要双方互相尊重,而不是仅仅建立在金钱基础上。

解释图画的基本步骤为:第一步,指出图画的基本主题;第二步,结合图画内容,再解释或深化该主题。下面以2008年考研真题为例进行说明,原题图画如图:

这幅图画是关于两位残疾人,一位左腿残缺,一位右腿残缺,都需要拐杖,现在两位残疾人合作起来,扔掉拐杖,共同扶持,走遍天下。那么这幅画的意思是什么呢?我们应该超越画面上的残疾人,去寻找更加广阔的主题:每个人都有缺陷,但如果我们合作起来,就能产生巨大的力量。因此本图画强调的是合作很重要这样的主题。以下是本题范文的第二段(即解释段):

The intention of the artist is quite obvious. He is trying to tell us how important it is for us to cooperate with each other in our life and work. We all have our own weaknesses and strengths, but just like the two handicapped men in the picture, we can overcome our weaknesses and become very powerful if we know how to work together and make the best use of our strengths.

本段72词,共3句。第一句为引入句;第二句则指出图画的意思,即合作很重要;第三句结合图画,对这个意思进行了拓展和进一步解释。

再看2007年考研真题,原题图画如图:

这幅图画发生在足球场上,一个运动员正准备射门,但在他心里,守门员体型很大,几乎把球门都占满了;另外一个运动员正在守门,而在他心里,球门非常大。这幅图画的主题是什么呢?我们也应该超越足球场,去考虑更为广阔的主题:很多人都喜欢把任务想象得过于困难,因此缺乏自信。以下是唐老师为本题撰写的解释段:

The meaning of the picture is quite obvious. It is about the importance of self-confidence. Just like the attacker and the goal-keeper in the picture, we often tend to be intimidated by the task at hand, over-estimate our opponents, and thus lose our confidence.

本段44词,共3句。其中第一句为引入句,第二句指出图画的含义,第三句结合图画内容对其进一步解释说明。

再以2019年考研真题为例。原题图画如图:

这幅图显示两位朋友在爬山,爬到半途,一位表示不想再继续爬了,而另一位则鼓励他休息一会儿再继续。这幅图的主题非常明显:在生活中总会遇到困难,有些人选择放弃,而有些人则选择坚持。以下是唐老师原创的解释段:

The meaning of the picture is obvious. It tells us about the importance of persistence. Just like the two friends on their way to the mountain top, we are sure to encounter many difficulties and problems, both physically and mentally, in our life. We may feel tired and sometimes we may feel like giving up. Yet, there are always people who will keep going until they reach their destination.

本段69词,共5句。其中第一句为引入句,第二句点出主题,第三至五句结合图画进一步说明。

综上所述,在图画解释段,考生需要明确指出图画的主题含义,并对这个含义进行进一步解释说明。以下两种基本结构可以帮助考生顺利完成本段写作任务。

(1) Obviously, the cartoonist is trying to tell us about/that _____. Just like _____in the picture, we also _____.

例文:

Obviously, the cartoonist is trying to tell us something about how our time could be managed. In fact, just like the woman and the man in the picture, there are always people who will work hard to complete their work ahead of time, and the last-minute people who simply cannot start out until the deadline is approaching.

(2) The meaning of the picture is quite obvious. It intends to tell us _____ . Just like _____ in the picture, many people also _____.

例文:

The meaning of the two pictures is obvious. They intend to tell us how blind people may be in following their idols. Just like the young man who would spend as much as 300 RMB on the hairstyle of Beckham, we sometimes are also very eager to accept whatever our idols would say and do, even when they are wrong.

博士生导师,江西师范大学首席教授,英美文学学者。

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