基于主客观组合加权法的拖拉机座椅舒适度评价

祝贺 戚彬 李衍豪 赵树行 王莉

摘要：拖拉机座椅是驾驶室人—机交互的主要界面。座椅是否舒适关系到驾驶员生理、心理以及作业效率等关键问题，因此对拖拉机座椅舒适性进行评价具有重要意义。为准确可靠地实现拖拉机座椅舒适性定量评价，提出一种基于主客观组合加权模型的拖拉机座椅舒适性综合评价方法。首先，通过文献调研和专家问卷，并结合作业中人体不舒适出现频率较多的部位，构建驾驶舒适性评价指标体系。其次，使用组合加权法平衡专家的主观评价和客观信息，得到综合权重。最后引用多级模糊综合评价理论将舒适性评价转换为定量评价，并进行实例分析验证组合加权法的有效性。结果表明：人体各部位对座椅舒适性影响程度不同，依次为臀部（0.355）、上背部（0.263）、下背部（0.199）和腿部（0.183）。驗证试验表明使用组合赋权是有效的，该方法充分结合层次分析法与熵权法的优点，在保留专家主观意见的同时，很好地规避权重失衡的现象，对座椅舒适性评价以及优化设计具有重要的指导意义。

关键词：拖拉机座椅；舒适性评价；人机工程；主客观组合加权法

中图分类号：S219.1  文献标识码：A  文章编号：2095-5553 （2024） 0-30140-08

Evaluation of tractor seat comfort based on subjective and objective combination weighting method

Zhu He， Qi Bin， Li Yanhao， Zhao Shuhang， Wang Li

（School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science， Shandong University of Technology， Zibo， 255000， China）

Abstract：

The tractor seat is the primary interface for human-machine interaction in the cab. Whether the seat is comfortable is related to the critical issues of the drivers physiology， psychology and work efficiency， so it is of great significance to evaluate the comfort of the tractor seat. In order to accurately and reliably realize the quantitative evaluation of tractor seat comfort， this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of tractor seat comfort based on the subjective and objective combined weighting model. Firstly， a driving comfort evaluation index system is constructed through literature research and expert questionnaires， combined with the parts of the human body where discomfort occurs more frequently. Secondly， the combined weighting method is used to balance the subjective evaluation of experts and objective information to obtain comprehensive weights. Finally， the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory is used to convert the comfort evaluation into quantitative evaluation. An example analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the combined weighting method. The results show that the different parts of the human body have different effects on seat comfort， followed by the hips （0.355）， the upper back （0.263）， the lower back （0.199） and the legs （0.183）. Validation experiments show that the combined weighting used in this paper is effective， and the technology fully combines the advantages of AHP and entropy weighting. While retaining the subjective opinions of experts， the phenomenon of weight imbalance is well avoided， which has important guiding significance for the evaluation and optimum design of seat comfort.