宋世民
煙台老城区(现芝罘区)有座三面环海、林木葱茏的小山,俗称烟台山。其主体东西400米,南北250米,海拔45.2米,面积约8公顷。此山坡度平缓,幽径蜿蜒,风光迷人。别看山体规模小巧,却承载着许多融入中西文化元素的人工建筑及姿态天成的自然景观。那块突出山巅向天面海的“燕台石”,便以不同时代的历史遗存,构成烟台城市记忆中的美好与悲凉。
燕台石原是一丛突出地面的自然山石,高、宽、长都不足3米,东端高,主体纵面方圆,向西渐低顺坡入土。
关于这块山石缘何得名燕台石,民间有多种传说。一个版本说,古时烟台海滨住着一个青年渔民,小伙子勤劳勇敢,长着一双能透视海水的眼睛,驾船捕鱼时,深水中南来北往的鱼群,都看得清清楚楚,所以每次出海都大获丰收。附近渔民见他本领奇特,也纷纷跟随他出海,船多人众,每天都有大量鱼虾被捕获上岸。
这事传到海龙王耳朵里,老龙王勃然大怒,发誓严办这名带头捕捉虾兵蟹将的小伙子。有一天,正在巡游的龙王与青年渔民在海上不期而遇,双方激烈决斗,就在小伙危难之际,海中浮出一位名叫燕儿的姑娘,她挺身挡住龙王即将砍下的利剑,使小伙得以逃生。原来这燕儿姑娘本是玉皇大帝的一名天宫女官,因才貌出众被龙王看中,讨要到身边。可这姑娘平时偏偏同情勤劳善良的海上渔民,于是被龙王贬作了侍女。龙王见燕儿将小伙子放走,一怒之下将她点化为海边荒丘上的一块石头。
斗转星移,附近渔民为纪念这位真情关爱人间百姓的圣女,便将龙王点化的这块石头命名“燕台石”,将承载燕台石的这座突入海中小山叫着“燕台山”,山脚下小渔村也顺依“燕台山”之名,被称“燕台”。
除了几个美丽神奇的传说之外,对于“燕台”名称来历,还另有一番贴近自然环境的说辞:烟台地方谚语有“七九河开,八九燕来”之说,意指临近八九时节,冬迁南方的燕子开始陆续返回北方原栖息地,筑巢垒窝繁衍后代。位于烟台山巅这块岩石侧旁,曾有一株高大的古栾树,附近又有古庙建筑,环境适宜燕子栖息。每年初春时节,常有群燕落石小憩,天长日久,人们便将这块紫燕聚落之岩称为“燕台”。挺立燕台石的自然山体,则被叫做“燕台山”,环绕燕台山的市镇也随山岩名称叫着“燕台”。
其实,承载燕台石的这座小山,历史上还曾有过多种叫法:民间传统称呼此地为“北山”,是相对于村落南部群山而言。近代依人工建筑命名也称过“信号山”“拉旗山”“烟台山”等。“燕台山”之称因与“烟台山”谐音,口语传承难以区分。1905年,在山顶端明初设置的熨斗烟墩基座上,建起了导航灯塔,命名“烟台山灯塔”。此后,在文字记录中,燕台山及其他名称逐渐消失,统称烟台山至今。
In the old city area of Yantai (todays Zhifu District), there is a small green mountain surrounded by the sea on three sides, commonly known as Yantai Mountain. Its main body stretches 400 meters from east to west, 250 meters from north to south, with an elevation of 45.2 meters, covering an area of about 8 hectares. The slope of the mountain is gentle, with winding paths and charming scenery. Despite its small size, this mountain is home to many artificial structures that blend elements of both Chinese and Western cultures, as well as naturally formed landscapes. The protruding “Yantai Stone” on the mountaintop facing the sky and the sea is imbued with the memories of Yantais history, representing both beauty and melancholy through the remnants of different historical periods.
Originally, the Yantai Stone was a natural mountain rock protruding from the ground, with the height, width, and length all less than three meters. The eastern end is higher; the longitudinal plane of the main body is circular; and the terrain becomes lower along the slope to the west until it finally turns flat.