国际学界人士对段进的专业评价

克劳斯·昆兹曼德国空间研究科学院院士多特蒙德工业大学教授

艾伦·潘伦敦大学学院巴特莱特建筑学院建筑与城市计算教授、前院长英国住房、社区与地方政府部前首席科学家

2014 年，当东南大学建筑学院邀请我去学校讲学的时候，第一次见到了段进教授。从那时起，在每年到学院讲学、参加各种活动和研讨会期间，我都有机会与他定期见面，并就中国城市规划的演变交流我们的见解。

我知道，段进教授是中国一位炙手可热的城市规划师，同时也是一位受人尊敬的老师。他与他的团队为中国的城市实施了许多令人印象深刻的项目实践，并获得了许多奖项。 最重要的是，他孜孜不倦地研究和撰写植根于中国传统的城市设计理论。

他的大部分出版物都是中文的，所幸最近他的《中国当代城市设计思想》一书已被翻译成英文，并由一家国际知名出版社出版。该书以中国视角全面回顾了中国一百多年来的城市设计和城市规划。通过他的努力，国际读者能够理解中国的城市设计理论发展。与许多英美作家就中国城市化、城市发展和城市面临挑战所发表的论著相比，该书将有助于使国际读者更好地了解中国的城市设计成就。

同时，我也很高兴地向大家介绍，段进教授一直致力于推动中德之间规划的思想交流。在段进教授的领导下，现任教于东南大学建筑学院的易鑫老师等人开展了一系列关于加强中德规划学术交流的活动，并取得了积极的成果。

段进教授与空间句法在中国的发展

在这篇文章中，我将对段进教授在建筑与规划研究领域，特别是在空间句法研究领域的贡献进行评价。空间句法，即是把建筑和城市作为支撑社会结构和文化的空间模式的正式研究。为此，我必须先介绍一些历史和背景。

空间句法的发展始于1970 年代初的伦敦，当时比尔·希利尔在英国皇家建筑师学会（RIBA）工作，是该学会有史以来最年轻的秘书。他的早期论文都是关于建筑师这一职业以及建筑知识的本质。1973 年，比尔·希利尔和阿德里安·利曼发表了一篇开创性的论文《人类环境范式及其悖论》，对理查德·鲁尔温·戴维斯提出的、造就了全新的伦敦大学学院（UCL）环境学院的“会场哲学”进行了有力的批判。1976 年，希利尔和利曼应邀在UCL 开设了一个新的高级建筑研究（AAS）理学硕士学位，这是英国著名的实用主义原则的范例——“招募你最有力的批评者”。同年，他们发表了一篇题为《空间句法》的论文，提出了一个全新的建筑研究方案，一个全新的领域就此诞生。

这一时期恰逢中国向西方开放，仅4 年后的1980 年，新的硕士项目就招收了第一位来自中国的学生。比尔·希利尔和朱莉安·汉森的著作《空间的社会逻辑》于 1984 年由剑桥大学出版社出版。1985 年，两篇论文发表在中国杂志《新建筑》上：比尔·希利尔的《空间句法——城市新见》（赵兵译）和靳东生的《关于“空间句法”一文的讨论》。段进教授回顾了这一早期阶段，并反思了中国当时对这些新思想的怀疑态度。这种怀疑在国际学术界也同样存在，人文和社会科学界都反对这种他们认为是 “实证主义”的方法。

希利尔的对策是将实验室中的理论发展与设计实践中的实际应用结合起来。在与诺曼·福斯特合作完成国王十字车站改造的规划并与SOM 合作完成伦敦市布罗德盖特大厦的重要项目后，一家名为“空间句法有限公司”的设计公司于1987 年成立。该公司采用新的研究和分析方法，为建筑设计带来了严谨性。该公司起步缓慢，但在1990 年代已在伦敦完成了大量设计项目，包括伦敦南岸艺术综合体的改造、伦敦特拉法加广场的千禧年改造以及通往新泰特现代美术馆的人行天桥设计。在上海，我们参与了理查德·罗杰斯在竞赛中获奖的浦东总体规划。到目前为止，这些理论的实际应用是对学术批评最有效的回应。

尽管我们的硕士和博士课程在不断吸引中国学生，但直到新千年伊始，段进教授发现这一领域后，中国在城市规划领域的空间句法研究才开始起步。这套理论思想进入中国的时机已经成熟。快速的城市化进程意味着中国的城市都在制定总体规划。段教授是当时中国唯一提出需要研究空间自身规律的资深城市规划教授。他的团队在许多实际设计项目中运用了空间句法分析方法，包括南京红花机场地区概念规划（2003 年）、嘉兴中心城市空间发展研究（2003 年）和天津城市形态专题研究（2004 年）。2007 年，段教授与比尔·希利尔合著了《空间句法与城市规划》一书，标志着空间句法研究在中国进入成熟期。

在此期间，英国研究委员会资助的 “城市历史与多尺度建模”项目和欧洲资助的“景观教学课程开发”项目让我有机会前往中国，与清华、天津、重庆、同济等多所大学建立联系，当然还有东南大学，段进教授（时任副院长）和院长王建国教授参加了我们的所有会议。

自2006 年以来，段进教授的《空间研究》系列丛书出版了15 本专著，其对空间句法理论的研究发展得到了中国城市规划学会的认可。段教授提出的“空间基因”概念，解释了社会结构的再生和城市空间中的多样性，以及与之相关的“基因库”概念和“空间基因解析与传承”技术体系，有助于在面临无数威胁的情况下保护城市文化的多样性，为城市建设与自然保护、文化传承的共赢提供了有效设计路径。他的最新著作《空间句法教程》于2021 年出版，满足了对这些方法的应用感兴趣的年轻研究人员日益增长的需求。

2019 年，段进教授当选中国科学院院士，这并不令人意外，也是莫大的荣耀。同年，第十二届空间句法研讨会在北京召开，这巩固了中国在国际空间句法研究界的地位。《世界建筑》曾出版过一期空间句法的专辑（2005 年第11 期，客座主编伍端）。而在18 年后，《世界建筑》期刊又以本专辑记录了段进教授在该领域的贡献。在空间句法领域，中国学者发表的论文数量已超过了世界其他所有国家学者发表量的总和。我确信，这种进展将一直持续。

魏尔·阿尔陶克德国卡塞尔大学建筑、城市与景观规划学院教授、院长

我结识段进教授是在我所在的德国卡塞尔大学与东南大学合作时，2016 年初我在南京教授城市更新课程。我了解了我的同事段进教授所做的大量工作，除了作为高校的核心领导以外，还领导着一个重要的规划办公室，并影响了周边的城市更新理论和实践。不久以后，我有机会陪他访问盱眙县，盱眙县位于江苏省南京市以北，以龙虾节和博物馆而闻名，当地保留了大量明朝时期的历史遗产。在访问过程中，他在为当地一个小镇的复兴进行实地考察。通过这次访问，我了解了中国城市更新所面临的挑战，人们试图满足基础设施现代化、住房升级、改善当地民生和保持文化遗产活力的各种需求。段教授还与我们交流了中国和欧洲的城市发展。可以说，这是一次真正开放、富有成效的思想交流。我了解到中国城市政策如何推动创新方法和可持续发展，段教授在这方面做出了重大贡献，这不仅得益于他的实践，特别是在新型城镇化背景下的实践，还得益于他出版的专著《中国当代城市设计思想》中对当代中国城市设计思想的反思。在此基础上，我还要感谢段教授创办了“以人为本的城市设计国际会议”，并坚持支持相关的活动，我很高兴也很荣幸多次参加这个会议并做演讲。这个会议可以被理解为交流中国和世界各地的创新规划和设计方法的绝佳平台，我祝愿他和东南大学能够进一步加强这一平台的建设，使其蓬勃发展，激励学者和专业实践者为塑造更加美好的城市而努力。□

Klaus KunzmannThe elected member of the German Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung Professor of Technische Universität Dortmund

Alan Penn Professor of Architectural and Urban Computing, Former Dean of the Bartlett Faculty of Built Environment,UCL Former Chief Scientist to the UK Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government

When the School of Architecture invited me to lecture at Southeast University in 2014, I met professor DUAN Jin for the first time.Since then, during my annual lecturing visits to the School and participation in various events and symposia, I had the opportunity to meet him regularly and exchange our insights on the evolution of urban planning in China.

I know that professor DUAN Jin is a much-demanded urban planner in China and a respected teacher.Together with his teams he has carried out numerous impressive projects for cities in the country, and won many prizes.And above all he is a tireless researcher and writer on urban design theory rooted in Chinese tradition.

Most of his publications are in Chinese.Recently, however, his bookContemporary Urban Design Thoughts in Chinahas been translated into English and published by a renowned international publisher.It gives a comprehensive overview of over 100 years of urban design and urban planning in China from a Chinese perspective, making his contribution to the development urban design theory in China accessible to international readers.The book will contribute to a better understanding of urban design achievements in the People's Republic of China in contrast to the many publications, which are communicated by Anglo-American authors on urbanisation, urban development and urban challenges in China.

Meanwhile, I am also pleased to report that professor DUAN Jin has always promoted the exchange of planning ideas between China and Germany.Under the leadership of DUAN Jin, YI Xin, who is currently teaching at the School of Architecture of Southeast University, and other colleagues have carried out a series of activities to strengthen the academic exchanges in planning between China and Germany, and have achieved positive results.

Professor DUAN Jin and the Progress of Space Syntax in China

In this note, I will write an appreciation of Professor DUAN Jin's contributions to the field of architectural and planning research and in particular, in the field of space syntax - that is the formal study of buildings and cities as patterns of spaces that support social structures and cultures.To do this I must first set out some history and context.

Space syntax began its development in the early 1970s in London when Bill Hillier was working at the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) as the institute's youngest ever Secretary.His early papers were all about architecture as a profession and the nature of architectural knowledge.In 1973, Bill Hillier and Adrian Leaman published a seminal paper ＂The man environment paradigm and its paradoxes＂, that made a powerful critique of Richard Llwelwyn-Davies ＂meeting grounds philosophy＂ which had shaped the new School of Environmental Studies at UCL.By 1976, Hillier and Leaman had been asked to establish a new Master of Science degree in Advanced Architectural Studies (AAS) at UCL, an example of a notable British pragmatic principle - ＂recruit your strongest critics＂.Later that year they published a paper entitled ＂Space Syntax＂ setting out a completely novel programme for research into architecture, and a whole new field was established.

This period coincided with China's opening to the West, and just four years later in 1980 the new Master's degree had recruited its first student from the People's Republic of China.Bill Hiller and Julienne Hanson's bookThe Social Logic of Spacewas published by Cambridge University Press in 1984 and in 1985 two papers were published in the journalNew Architecturein China, ＂Space Syntax: A Different Urban Perspective＂ by Bill Hillier (translated by ZHAO Bin) and ＂A discussion about 'Space Syntax Paper'＂ by JIN Dongsheng.Professor DUAN Jin reviews this early period and reflects on the scepticism that greeted these new ideas at the time in China.The scepticism was no less amongst Anglophone academia where both the humanities and social sciences were opposed to what they saw as a ＂positivist＂ approach.

Hillier's response was to bring together theoretical development in the laboratory with practical application in design practice.Following significant projects with Norman Foster at Kings Cross and SOM at Broadgate in the City of London, a design company, Space Syntax Limited, was established in 1987 which used the new research and analysis methods to bring rigour to architectural design.The company started slowly but during the 1990s had completed a large number of London schemes to its credit, including the regeneration of London's South Bank arts complex, the transformation for the millennium of London's Trafalgar Square and the pedestrian bridge to the new Tate Modern art gallery.In Shanghai, we contributed to Richard Roger's competition winning Pudong masterplan.These practical applications of the theory were by far the most effective response to academic criticism.

Although our Master's and Doctoral programmes gained a continual flow of Chinese students, progress in space syntax research in the urban planning field in China only took offat the start of the new millennium when Professor DUAN Jin discovered the field.The time was ripe for this set of theoretical ideas to come to China.The process of rapid urbanisation meant that China's cities and municipalities were all developing masterplans.Prof.DUAN was the only senior urban planning professor in China who saw the need for an independent spatial law.His team was also involved in practical design projects using space syntax analysis, including Nanjing Honghua Airport Area Concept Plan (2003), Study on the Spatial Development of Jiaxing City Center (2003) and Thematic Study on Tianjin Urban Form (2004).In 2007 Professor DUAN co-authored a book ＂Space Syntax and Urban Planning＂ with Bill Hillier and Space Syntax had come of age in China.

During this period, a UK research council grant on City History and Multi Scale Modelling (CHAMSPAM)and a European funded project to develop landscape taught programmes gave me the opportunity to travel to China and to make links to a number of universities including Tsinghua University, Tianjin University,Chongqing University, Tongji University and of course Southeast University with Professor DUAN Jin (who was then the Vice Dean) and Professor Wang Jianguo the Dean at the time who participated in all our meetings.

Professor DUAN Jin's developments of space syntax theories have been published in 15 books in the ＂Space Studies＂ series since 2006 and are recognised by the Urban Planning Society of China.Professor DUAN's concept of a ＂Space Gene＂ that accounts for the reproduction of social structure and diversity in urban space together with the counterpart concept of a ＂gene bank＂ to help conserve the diversity of urban cultures in the face of countless threats, is truly innovative and urgently needed.The technical application of a space gene provides an effective design method to combine urban construction with ecological conservation and cultural inheritance.His most recent bookSpace Syntax Tutorialpublished in 2021 meets a real need for the growing community of young researchers interested in applying these methods.

It comes as no surprise, but also a great honour, that Professor DUAN Jin became a Chinese Academy of Sciences academician in 2019, and in the same year the 12th Space Syntax Symposium came to Beijing and cemented China's place in the international space syntax research community.This edition ofWorld Architecturecharting Professor DUAN Jin's contribution to the field follows nearly eighteen years after the Space Syntax monograph published byWorld Architecture(Issue 185, November, 2005) first appeared.I am confident that the progress in this field, in which Chinese academics now publish more papers than the rest of the world put together, will continue.

Uwe Altrock Professor, Chair of Planning Theory and Urban Regeneration, the University of Kassel, Germany

I first met Prof.DUAN Jin in the context of the cooperation between the University of Kassel in Germany, where I am based, and the Southeast University (SEU), when I was teaching a class in urban regeneration in Nanjing in 2016.I learned about the enormous work by my colleague who, as one of the core faculty members, was not only in charge of an important planning office, but also influenced urban regeneration in theory and practice in the region.I soon had the chance to accompany him to Xuyi, a county renowned for its long-standing lobster festival and museum in Jiangsu province north of Nanjing and full of heritage from the Ming Dynasty, where he was doing fieldwork for the regeneration of a small town.During this visit, I was able to understand the challenges of urban regeneration in China, trying to bridge the needs for modernising the infrastructure, upgrading the housing stock, improving the livelihoods of the local population and keeping the cultural heritage alive.Prof.DUAN also made us discuss urban development in China and Europe, and I can say that this was a truly open-minded and fruitful exchange of thoughts.I learned how Chinese urban policies push for innovative approaches and sustainable development, and Prof.DUAN made a significant contribution in this respect, not only with the help of his practice, especially in the context of the＂new urbanisation＂, but also throughout his reflection on contemporary urban design thoughts in China he laid down in a book of the same name.This being said, I would like to thank Prof.DUAN above all for establishing and hosting a series of international conferences on people-oriented urban design, to which I had the pleasure and honour to contribute myself.This conference can be understood as a wonderful platform for the discussion of innovative planning and design approaches both in China and elsewhere in the world, and I wish him and the SEU all the best in further strengthening it, making it flourish to inspire scholars and practitioners for the sake of better cities.□