解答推理判断类阅读理解题的几个技巧

徐娟

推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解文章的深层含义及隐含意义。高考对于推理判断题的考查，要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些常识进行合理的推断，判断作者的意图、人物的动机及性格特征和事件发生的前因后果等。解答该类型题目时要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面含义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起“桥梁”，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外音”。推理判断题一般包括推断隐含意义、推断作者的观点和态度、推断写作意图以及推断文章出处或读者对象等四类。

一、推断隐含意义类型

此类题目的题干中通常含有infer， suggest， imply， conclude等标志性词语。解题时，需根据题干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断。

【真题例析】（2021·全国乙卷） Generation Xers with young families， like my wife and I， can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said， to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents， to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone （using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.

How attached are you to your landline？ How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries？

27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph？

A. It remains a family necessity.

B. It will fall out of use some day.

C. It may increase daily expenses.

D. It is as important as the gas light.

【解析】B。推理判斷题。根据最后一段末句可知，作者询问座机还要多久能走上煤气路灯和每天早上送到家的牛奶的道路，在如今日新月异的社会，煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶都已少见，作者言外之意是“座机终有一天不再被使用。”

二、推断作者的观点和态度类型

解答此类问题要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。

【真题例析】（2021·新高考卷I ） Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support， the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers， educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

34.What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence？

A.Favorable.      B. Intolerant.

C. Doubtful.          D. Unclear.

【解析】A。推理判断题。根据“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful”可知，情商的普遍化总体效果是利大于弊，可以看出作者是赞同态度。

三、推断写作意图类型

解答此类问题要通过文中所列事物去感受其所传递的想法。

【真题例析】（2021·新高考卷I ） We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients， while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.

33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2？

A. To explain a role. B. To clarify a concept.

C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.

【解析】B。推理判断题。根据“We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. （我们更喜欢把情商描述为一组特定的技能，可以用于好的或坏的目的）”，可知此处在讲情商的概念，接着作者举“doctor”和“cheater”的例子是为了进一步阐明这个概念。

四、推断文章出处或读者对象类型

解答此类问题需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断。这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。

【真题例析】（2021·全国甲卷） Take a view， the Landscape Photographer of the Year Award， was the idea of Charlie Waite， one of todays most respected landscape photographers. Each year， the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.

23.Where can the text be found？

A. In a history book. B. In a novel.

C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.

【解析】C。推理判断题。根据“Each year， the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. （每年參赛作品的高水准表明该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台）”可知，文章介绍的是英国风景摄影师年奖，属于艺术范畴，应该刊登在艺术杂志上。

总之，在解答推理判断题时，考生应当能高屋建瓴，从整体把握语篇内容，深刻领会语篇的表面含义与隐含意义，透过字里行间去体会作者的目的和意图，从而选出正确答案。

（作者单位：江苏省东台中学）