陈玉宝 叶政钦 杨海龙 张创 周雪
摘 要:為研究细粒沉积岩的分布、深湖的岩相划分和储层评价,寻找有利区带,选取鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7深湖细粒沉积岩进行矿物含量、有机质含量及沉积结构等岩性特征分析,建立量化分类方案。结果表明:细粒沉积岩可分为富有机质层状页岩相、富有机质凝灰质条带泥岩相、富有机质层状泥岩相、富有机质层状粉砂质泥岩相、含有机质层状细砂岩相和含有机质块状砂岩相6种岩相类型,分别具有“一高四中一低”“两高两中两低”“一高三中两低”“五中一低”“四中两低”和“一中五低”等测井曲线特征;烟雾峁地区长7段为含有机质层状细砂岩相和含有机质块状砂岩相,物性较好,有利于致密油的聚集。分析烟雾峁致密油藏岩相特征,推测油藏有利岩相,建立不同类型的岩相,为缺乏岩芯资料井段的岩相识别提供思路。关键词:细粒沉积岩;岩相划分;岩相测井响应特征;烟雾峁地区中图分类号:P 618.13
文献标志码:
A
文章编号:1672-9315(2023)06-1110
-08
DOI:10.13800/j.cnki.xakjdxxb.2023.0609开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Deep lake fine-grained lithofacies sedimentary characteristics
of Yanchang Formation in Yanwumao area
CHEN Yubao,YE Zhengqin,YANG Hailong,ZHANG Chuang,ZHOU Xue
(Yanchang Oilfield Co.,Ltd.,Yanan 716000,China)
Abstract:In order to clarify the distribution of fine-grained sedimentary rocks,the lithofacies classification of deep lakes,and the evaluation of sedimentary reservoirs,and to facilitate the search for favorable zones,7 deep lake fine-grained sedimentary rocks from the Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin were selected for analysis of lithological characteristics such as mineral content,organic matter content,and sedimentary structure,and a quantitative classification scheme was established.The results show that fine-grained sedimentary rocks can be divided into six types of lithofacies:
organic rich layered shale facies,organic rich tuffaceous strip mudstone facies,organic rich layered mudstone facies,organic rich layered silty mudstone facies,layered fine sandstone facies with organic matter,and block sandstone facies with organic matter.They have logging curve characteristics such as “one high,four middle and one low”,“two high,two middle and two low”,“one high,three middle and two low”,“five middle and one low”,“four middle and two low”,and “one middle and five low” respectively;The Chang 7 section in the Yanwumao area contains organic layered fine sandstone facies and organic block sandstone facies,with good characteristics of rock facies distribution and physical properties,which are conducive to the accumulation of tight oil.By analyzing the lithofacies characteristics of tight oil reservoirs in the study area,it is inferred that the reservoir is favorable for lithofacies,and different types of lithofacies are established to provide ideas for lithofacies identification in well sections lacking core data.Key words:fine grained sedimentary rocks;lithofacies classification;response characteristics of lithofacies logging;Yanwumao area
0 引 言岩相是一定沉积环境中形成的岩石或岩石组合,是沉积相的主要组成部分,突出反映沉积环境中的古地理条件和沉积物特征中的岩性特征,为沉积相中最重要最本质的内容。相对于粗碎屑沉积,细粒沉积粒度细小,更能指示沉积环境的局部变和油气的聚集。鄂尔多斯盆地烟雾峁地区位于三叠系延长组沉积时期湖盆中心地带,长7段石油勘探成效显著,姬塬地区长7-2发现新安边油田,湖盆中部发现庆城油田[1]。根据岩性组合差异,长7段页岩可分为夹层型和页岩型2大类,是目前长7主要的
工业产层[2],含油性明显优于长6、长8段砂岩[3]。中国陆相页岩层系中的夹层是石油富集的有利场所,是页岩层系石油勘探开发的有利目标[4-6]。针对鄂尔多斯延长组长7段细粒沉积岩,目前的定量化精细研究主要集中在成岩相[7-8]、页岩油烃源岩参数评价[9-11]和层序划分[12]等方面,岩相划分研究较少,但在东营凹陷和国内外其他地区应用较多[13-19]。根据岩芯、岩性和测井资料,利用统计学软件对测井资料进行量化处理,通过Fisher判别法对细粒沉积岩相进行精细划分。
鄂尔多斯盆地是中国大型含油气沉积盆地之一,由6个次级构造单元组成(图1)[19]。
晚三叠世,鄂尔多斯盆地具“北东缓、南西陡”的特征[20-21]。延长组自上而下划分为10个油层组(图1),长7段沉期为湖盆发育演化的鼎盛时期,沉積富含有机质的泥页岩,是盆地中生界最重要的烃源岩,其中长7-3为最大湖泛期,也是湖泊热流体活动的高峰期,藻类和浮游生物的繁盛
为大规模页岩油的富集创造了有利的物质条件[22
-23]。
1 细粒沉积岩划分依据
1.1 矿物成分矿物成分是造成细粒沉积岩类型多样性的根本因素,是细粒沉积岩岩相划分的首要标志[24]。通过对已有岩矿鉴定资料统计,采用三端元图解方法对岩石类型进行分类划分(图2),确定长7段泥页岩类型主要为黏土质泥页岩和混合质泥页岩,砂岩类型主要为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩。
1.2 沉积构造通过岩芯观察可见块状构造、层状构造和纹层状构造,由于研究井段层理较薄,层状和纹层状区分不明显,所以从构造的角度上分为块状构造和层状构造2种,4227井长7-3底部可见凝灰质条带(图3)。
1.3 有机质含量有机质是生油的物质基础,有机质含量是进行岩相分类的重要依据之一。国内通用的划分依据以2%为界,将岩相划分为富有机质(TOC≥2%)和含有机质(TOC<2%)。烟雾峁地区4227井长7段TOC为0.65~7.76%,平均含量为3.40%,其中富有机质占比60%。通过△log R拟
合TOC含量,其中富有机质占比约76.76%(图4)。
2 细粒沉积岩相划分通过岩芯观察、录井资料,在长7深湖沉积中主要识别出6种岩相(表1)。①富有机质层状页岩相,主要分布在4227井长7-2底部、长7-3顶部和底部,平均厚度1.36 m,以黏土矿物为主,次为石英,有机质富集层发育,为层状-纹层状构造(图5(a));②富有机质凝灰质条带泥岩相,主要分布在4227井长7-3顶部和底部,平均厚度0.2 m,以黏土矿物和石英为主,次为长石,有机质富集层发育,为层状-纹层状构造(图5(b));③富有机质层状泥岩相,主要分布在4227井长7-1上部、长7-2下部和7-3中下部,平均厚度1.13 m,以黏土矿物和石英为主,有机质富集层发育,层理明显(图5(c));④富有机质层状粉砂质泥岩相,主要分布在4227井长7-1段、长7-2上
部和7-3中下部,成薄层状,平均厚度0.8 m,以石英为主,次为黏土矿物,截面可见明显砂砾(图5(d));⑤含有机质层状细砂岩相,主要分布在4227井长7-1中部、长7-2顶部和7-3上部,平均厚度0.92 m,以石英为主(图5(e));⑥含有机质块状砂岩相,主要分布在4227井长7-1中部、长7-2顶部,平均厚度1.05 m(图5(f))。
3 不同岩相的测井相特征不同的岩相具有不同的测井响应特征。测井资料是油田中最常规最容易收集的资料,通过建立不同岩相的测井响应模式,在缺乏岩芯等资料时,运用常规测井资料划分岩相。
通过测井曲线的分布范围和均值,建立不同泥岩岩相的测井响应模式(表2,图6),6种岩相分别具有“一高四中一低”“两高两中两低”“一高三中两低”“五中一低”“四中两低”和“一中五低”的特点。
4 岩相特征
4.1 优势岩相判别依据GB/T 38718—2020《页岩油地质评价方法》规定“富有机质页岩层系烃源岩内粉砂岩、细砂岩、碳酸盐岩单层厚度不大于5 m,累计厚度占页岩层系总厚度比例小于30%。结合砂岩厚度,遵循以下特征确定长7不同层段的优势岩相。砂岩厚度占比≥30%的层位,优势岩相为含有机质层状细砂岩或含有机质块状砂岩,砂岩厚度占比<30%的层位,优势岩相为占比最多的岩相类型(图6)。
4.2 岩相平面展布
烟雾峁地区
长7-3段北部以含有机质块状砂岩相和含有机质层状细砂岩相为主,南部以富有机质层状页岩相和富有机质层状泥岩相为主(图7(a))。长7-3沉积期,湖盆沉降进入鼎盛时期。研究区临近东北部物源,来自东北部三角洲的滑塌沉积占研究区主体,向湖盆内部推进,大面积发育;西南部物源进一步减弱,沉积规模进一步向西南部减小。研究区东北部发育滑塌沉积砂体,砂体由东北至西南呈条带状分布,单井砂体厚度为0~38 m,宽度300~1 700 m;湖盆中央与西南部发育的浊积砂体,沉积厚度较薄,呈土豆状分布,单井砂体厚度为0~14 m,宽度为
300~1 000 m。
长7-2北部以富有机质层状泥岩相为主,零星分布含有机质块状砂岩相、含有机质层状细砂岩相和富有机质层状页岩相(图7(b))。长7-2沉积期,湖盆逐步抬升,水体变浅。东北部物源体系向湖区推进明显,来自东北部三角洲的滑塌沉积占研究区主体,大面积发育,平面展布呈条带状。与长7-3段一样,湖盆东北部发育滑塌沉积砂体厚度较厚,砂体由东北至西南呈条带状分布,单井砂体厚度为0~34 m,砂体宽度为400~1 500 m;湖盆西南部与中央的浊积砂体,沉积厚度较薄,呈土豆状分布,单井砂体厚度为0~15 m,宽度为200~1 300 m。长7-1以含有机质块状砂岩相和富有机质层状页岩相为主(图7(c))。长7-1沉积期,湖盆进一步抬升。河道主要来自东北部、南部,物源体系向湖盆中心汇聚,向湖盆内部发育三角洲前缘砂体与浊积砂体沉积。东北部及西南部的三角洲大面积发育,水下分流河道加宽,深度减小,分叉增多,远砂坝不发育或规模较小。水下分支河道、河口坝为优势微相,其中水下分流河道微相广泛发育,且砂体沉积厚度较厚,砂体由东北至西南呈条带状分布,单井砂体厚度为20~67 m,宽度为200~1 400 m。
长7段孔隙度表现为自下而上孔隙度逐渐增加,平面上自东北至西南方向孔隙度逐渐降低,其中含有机质层状细砂岩相和含有机质块状砂岩相孔隙度较大,粉砂质泥岩次之,其他3种岩相孔隙度较小。长7-3段富有机质页岩相和富有机质层状泥岩相中发育的烃源岩为石油的形成提供了物质基础,在异常高压的作用下向长7-1段中物性更好的含有机质层状细砂岩相和含有机质块状砂岩相运移,为石油的聚集提供场所,长7-1段油层较厚,发育较广。含有机质层状细砂岩相和含有机质块状砂岩相为有利于石油的聚集。
5 结 论
1)提出烟雾峁地区细粒沉积可分为6种岩相类型,分别为富有机质层状页岩相、富有机质凝灰质条带泥岩相、富有机质层状泥岩相、富有机质层状粉砂质泥岩相、含有机质层状细砂岩相和含有机质块状砂岩相。
2)阐述了一高四中一低、两高两中两低、一高三中两低、五中一低、四中两低、一中五低等6种不同岩相的测井相特征。
3)分析了岩相平面展布特征,其中含有机质层状细砂岩相和含有机质块状砂岩相物性较好,有利于致密油的聚集。
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